浅谈高速公路中对通信技术的应用.doc

浅谈高速公路中对通信技术的应用摘要：漫长的历史时期里，人们都是通过最原始的方式-人力，畜力进行交流，但是随着现代通信技术的发展，我们的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化，最明显的就是我们的生活节奏的加快。本文就现代通信技术的发展对高速公路的发展的影响为切入点进行阐述，将文章分成个部分，分别是我国高速公路行业现状，亟待解决的问题，现代通信技术在高速公路行业中的应用，高速公路在通信技术方面的未来的发展方向。Pick to: in the long historical period, the people are the most primitive way - by human, animal communication, but with the development of modern communication technology, great changes have taken place in our life, the most obvious is that we the accelerating rhythm of life. In this paper, the development of modern communication technologys influence on the development of the highway as the breakthrough point, the article is divided into parts, respectively is the highway industry in our country the status quo, problems to be solved, and the application of modern communications technology in the highway industry, the highway in communication technology the development direction in the future. 关键词：高速公路； 现代通信技术； 网络覆盖； 同步卫星信息Key words: the highway; Modern communication technologies; Network coverage; Synchronous satellite information 1.我国高速公路行业的发展现状1. The highway industry development present situation in our country 改革开放以来，我国的高速公路的发展可以说是突飞猛进，现今我国的高速公路覆盖达到了30多个省份，为公路的网络化建设添砖加瓦。我们一直常说一句话要想富，先修路当然我们确实看到了公路的建设对于整个国民经济的建设的巨大的作用。从经济的角度来看，我们的告诉公路的建设形成了四大优势：Since the reform and opening up, Chinas highway development is growing by leaps and bounds, nowadays our countrys highway coverage reached more than 30 provinces, for highway network construction. We always used to say a word to be rich, first build roads, of course, we do see the construction of the road to the construction of the whole national economy of the enormous role. From the economic point of view, our highway construction has formed four major advantages: 整个行业相对垄断但是竞争压力非常小，我国的公路建设都是由政府进行管理，而且高速公路的发展背景就是在铁路，水路的运输方式发展已经相对充分的情况下建设起来的，所以竞争的压力相对较小，而由于是政府的职能部门在进行管理，所以整个行业是出于垄断之下。Relative monopoly industry competitive pressure is very small, however, our countrys highway construction are all run by the government, and the development of the highway is on the railway, waterway transport mode under the condition of development has been relatively full building, so the competition is relatively small, but because is the governments functional departments in the management, so the industry is under monopoly. 在跨国经济方面发挥巨大的作用。和航空行业相比，在运输高速公路具有价格优势，所以在对外发展经济上，高速公路扮演着重要的角色，因为价格相对低廉，方便快捷，很多跨国贸易的运输方式中都会有公路运输这一环节。Play a huge role in global economy. Compared with aviation industry, on highway transportation has the price advantage, so in foreign economic development, the highway plays an important role, because the price is relatively cheap, fast and convenient, many international trade will have a road transportation mode of transportation of this link. 收益的风险相对小。和其他行业相比高速公路最大的优势就是风险较小，因为公路运输几乎涉及了国民经济的各行各业，收入稳定，不会因为突发事件暂停公路的使用等问题的发生，这使得每年我国在高速公路的管理上产生收益是十分可观的。Returns the risk is relatively small. Highway, compared with other industrys largest advantage is less risky, because the road almost involved in all walks of life of the national economy, the income stable, wont because of emergencies suspended highway the happening of the problem such as the use of, this makes our country each year in highway management produce income is very considerable. 但是从另一个方面，我国的高速公路的发展还存在一些问题，我们都知道每年的交通事故有很大一部分就发生在高速公路上，因为在高速公路上的车速快，极容易发生危险，而且一旦发生危险通常就是大的事故，这时，对于高速公路的管理部门来说就是一个巨大的挑战，因为事故发生后，高速公路的通信系统会像高速公路的管理部门发回事故现场的图像，视频以及即时路况等信息，而根据这些返回的信息，高速公路的管理部门要迅速有所行动，赶赴现场，保护好现场等待后续的处理，但是这也是现阶段我国高速公路在通信技术方面存在的问题。But from another aspect, there are some problems in the development of highway in China, we all know that every year there are a large part of the traffic accident happened on the highway, because the speed of fast on the highway, is extremely easy to produce risk, and in the event of danger is often a big accident, then, for highway management department is a big challenge, because after the accident, the highway communication system will be like the highway management department sent back images of the scene of the accident, video and instant information such as road conditions, and based on these the information returned, highway management department to act quickly, to the scene to protect the good scene waiting for subsequent processing, but it is also the present stage our country highway in communications problems. 2.现代高速公路的信息化分析2. Information analysis of modern highway 传统钓高速公路的管理大多限于收费，监控，通信三大系统，我国的大多数公路都实现了监控，通信系统的完成。但是从今天来看，我们的高速公路的发展已经远远赶不上实际所要求，突出表现在高速公路的管理方面，管理手段相对落后，在管理的智能化和现代化上还有待提高。现代化的通信技术可以将监控，管理更好的结合，使得高速公路成网络化分布，将各省的高速公路的网络集群，构成全国的高速公路网络，这样的结果就是在处理紧急情况时，不仅能够快速有效的处理，同时在整个高速公路网络上都有显示，可以对其他在高速公路上的司机起到告诉的作用，达到了智能化的监管效果。ATraditional fishing for highway management mostly limited to fees, monitor, communication systems, most of the highway in our country implements the monitoring, the completion of the communication system. But from the point of today, our highway development is far behind the pace of the actual requirements, outstanding performance in highway management, management is relatively backward, on the intellectualization and modernization of management needs to be improved. Modern communication technology can be monitored, better management, make the highway network distribution, to the provincial highway network cluster, constitute the national highway network, the result is that in dealing with emergency, not only can fast effective processing, at the same time have on the whole highway network show, can to tell other drivers on the highway, achieved the intelligent regulation effect. A 3.现代通信技术在高速公路路中的应用3. The application of modern communications technology in highway road 在应用的方面，主要集中在一下几点：In terms of application, mainly concentrated in following points: （1）卫星定位技术。提起这个技术大家应该不陌生，卫星定位技术在高速公路的建设中有着非常广泛的作用。例如，在高速公路的建设时，对于野外勘探，桥梁的定点或者是对汽车的监控等用到了卫星定位技术，可以说，卫星定位技术在实际中的应用方面是很广泛的。(1) satellite positioning technology. Lift this everyone should not unfamiliar technology, satellite positioning technology in highway construction has a very wide range. In highway construction, for example, for field exploration, bridge fixed point or a satellite positioning techniques are used to monitor of automobile, etc, so to speak, satellite positioning technology in the practical application is very extensive. （2）致地圈与coo技术。这也是我们常说的数字地图，在这个数字时代，大量的现代化的处理方式都与数字有关，可以说，数字成了我们这个时代的符号。在这一点上，我国国内与国外的发展史不同的，因为在国外，数字地图已经非常完善，而且形成全国的网络式的分布，对于在高速公路上的人来说非常具有指导性，相反，在国内，我们的数字地图还不完善，突出表现在没有全国统一的数字地图，大多是个人的自主研发，生产，相较于国外，数字地图的指向性功能就大大减弱了。(2) the circle with the coo of technology. We often call this the digital maps, in this digital age, a large number of modern processing related to digital way, and can say that digital has become the symbol of our times. At this point, the history of our domestic and foreign different, because in a foreign country, the digital map has been very perfect, and the formation of a national network of distribution, for the highway very guidance, on the contrary, in the domestic, our digital map is not perfect, especially in the absence of unified national digital maps, most is a persons independent research and development, production, compared with foreign countries, the directivity function of digital map is greatly diminished. （3）公路数据库与技术。在我国公路数据库的发展远远落后于公路实际上的发展的需求，我们通常说的GIS通信技术是适用于地理空间的数据的计算机系统中，而我国的高速公路具有线性的地理特征，这一点使得GIS技术在高速公路的发展中得到了广泛的应用。(3) the highway database and technology. Highway database in China lags far behind the development of the needs of the development of the road, in fact, we usually say that the GIS communication technology is suitable for geospatial data in computer system, and the geographical features of Chinas highway with linear, this makes the GIS technology in the development of the highway has been widely used. （4）ITS技术。这一技术在中国的高速公路中已得到应用，主要表现在实行联网收费，我想这是未来的一大趋势，另一方面就是建立更加完善具有指向性的汽车导航系统，这一点应该是从事运输工作的人最想看到的，因为，良好的导航系统不仅能够解决在高速公路上的认路的问题，更重要的是，在良好的导航系统的帮助下可以大大提高运输的效率，从而得到经济上的实惠。(4) the ITS technologies. This technology in China has been applied in highway, main performance in the network to collect fees, I think this is a trend in the future, on the other hand is to establish more complete has directivity of car navigation system, it should be work in the transport of people most want to see, because, a good navigation system can not only solve the problem of learn its way on the highway, and, more importantly, with the help of a good navigation system can greatly improve the efficiency of transportation, so as to obtain economic benefits. （5）枢纽站得休息和服务技术。在这项技术上，我国的发展还处于起步阶段，因为，我们的高速公路系统虽然建成了很多的枢纽站，但是仅仅是建成，相关的服务体系还没建成，在这一点上同样重要，因为，现代的发展更加的注重以人为本，体现人的自我意识的提升，所以，建立枢纽站，可以大大满足人们的基本需求，方便了人们的出行，为整个高速公路系统的建设添砖加瓦。(5) the rest and services technology hub. On the technology, the development of our country is still in its infancy, because, although our highway system has built a lot of hub station, but is just built, related service system hasnt completed yet, equally important, on this point because of the development of the modern more pays attention to people-oriented, reflect peoples self-consciousness has increased, therefore, established hub station, can greatly satisfy peoples basic needs, facilitates the travel of people, for the whole of the construction of the highway system. （6）物流技术的应用。随着交通的越来越便捷，相应的，物流行业开始在高速公路的发展中崭露头角，物流技术是指将货物的仓储，发送，分拣，配送等环节融为一体的货物的管理技术，为客户实现高效率的货物运送。可以说物流技术的发展离不开高速公路的建设，而高速公路的建设更是使得物流技术更加成熟。(6) the application of logistics technology. With more and more convenient transportation, corresponding, the logistics industry came to prominence in the development of highway, logistics technology refers to the warehouse the goods, send, sorting, distribution, integration of goods management technology, to achieve efficient freight for our customers. Can say the development of logistics technology cannot leave the highway construction, logistics technology as a result of the highway construction is more mature. 4.现代通信技术在高速公路中的发展4. The development of modern communications technology in highway 在未来的的发展中，我们希望现代化的通信技术可以使高速公路的建设更加完善，例如，实现不停车收费，我国的高速公路线采用的是半自动的收费方式，从时间的浪费角度来看，这种收费方式的弊端就是浪费时间，结合我国的实际，在节假日，外出的人非常多，对于近距离的目的地，人们大多会选择坐汽车的方式，因此，在一些车辆多的高速公路上，我们经常会看见堵车的现象，而且一堵就是几个小时，浪费了人们的时间不说，让人们出行游玩的好性情也大打折扣。当然从现今我国的情况来看，在这项技术的推广上还存在诸多问题，例如我们的监控技术是不是能够应付得来高速公路上的大量的车流，还有现实的许多因素也阻碍了相关技术的研发和实践。虽然还没实现，但是我们希望在将来的某一天能够梦想成真，真正地体会到高速的便捷。In the development of the future, we hope that modern communications technology can make the highway construction will be improved, for example, not achieve parking charge, our countrys highway beginning USES a semi-automatic charging methods, from the point of view of the waste of time, the disadvantages of this kind of way to charge is a waste of time, combines the actual conditions of our country, during the holiday season, so many people go out, for close destinations, most people will choose the way by car, therefore, in some traffic more highway, we often see the phenomenon of traffic jams, and a wall for hours, waste peoples time, let people travel for pleasure good temperament also sell at a discount greatly. In view of current our country condition, of course, there are still many problems in the promotion of this technology, such as our monitoring technique is able to handle it of a lot of traffic on the highway, and the reality of many factors also hindered the development of related technologies and practices. Although havent, but we hope in the future one day to be able to dream come true, really realize the high-speed and convenient. 完善的事故预防和处理技术。作为短距离的运输方式之一，高速公路起到了不可替代的作用，但是，我们更应该清醒的认识到，每年我国的交通事故很大一部分来自于高速公路，这也让人们更加关注高速公路的管理和应急能力。从事故的原因分析，一部分事故的原因是高速公路的管理部门的通知，警示不到位，致使很多惨剧的发生，因为不同地区的高速公路的建设一定定会受到当地自然条件的制约，所以，在我国很多的高速公路的路段都是需要小心谨慎的，那么一旦相关部门的高速不及时，就很有可能发生危险。另一方面，在高速公路中紧急事故的处理也考验着相关管理部门的反应能力和处理水平，在高速公路上发生重大事故后，监督和管理部门要立即出动，赶赴现场处理，将事故的损失降到最低，这不仅考验着管理者的反应，更重要的是要求通信技术能够更加的完善，因为先进的技术可以大大减少事故处理的时间，使得高速公路的应急能力得到提高。Perfect accident prevention and treatment technology. As short of one of the mode of transportation, highway plays an irreplaceable role, however, we should be more acutely aware that in China every year a large part of the traffic accidents from the highway, it also let people pay more attention to the highway management and emergency ability. From the cause of the accident analysis, part of the cause of the accident is the highway management department notice, warning does not reach the designated position, cause many the happening of the tragedy, because of the different parts of the highway construction must will be restricted by local natural conditions, therefore, many sections of highway in our country are all need to be careful, so once the relevant departments of the high speed is not timely, it is likely to produce risk. In highway, on the other hand, emergency treatment and test of the relevant administrative department of the response ability and processing level, after a major accident on the highway, supervision and management departments to immediately send, to the scene to deal with, will loss to a minimum, this will not only test the reaction of administrators, more important is the requirement of communication technology will be more perfect, because of the advanced technology can greatly reduce the time of the accident treatment, make the highway emergency ability was improved. 虽然在高速公路的发展上我们还有很多需要改进的地方，但我们也同样要看到，我们已取得的成绩，今后的发展应该主要集中在联网管理等方面的通信技术的建设，我们看到，通信技术的发展促进了高速公路的整体的提升，而反之，高速公路的创新和进步又会对通信技术的革新产生深远的影响。If we have a lot in terms of the development of highway in need of improvement, but we also want to see, we have achieved, and the future development should be mainly concentrated in the construction of networking management of communication technology, we see that the development of communication techn