高中英语阅读方法(个人精心整理)ppt课件

阅读方法与技巧 阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类 标题类 体现概括性 避免远离主题 1 Thebesttitleforthispassageis 2 Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe 3 Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis 4 Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage 段落主旨 体现针对性 避免张冠李戴 1 Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat 2 Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith 3 WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraphone 4 What sthemainideadiscussedinthefirstparagraph 文章主旨 体现全面性 避免以偏概全 1 Whatisthepassagemainlyabout 2 Thepassagetalksabout 3 Thepassagetellsusthat 4 Thispassagemainlydealswith 5 What sthemainidea topicofthepassage 主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头 其后的句子则是论证性细节 Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer Besidesthemostseriousandterriblediseaseillness cancer cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems Forexample itcangiveonea smoker scough Finally studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller cancer smokingisharmful Isitworthit Whatisthemainidea A cigarettesmokingcancausecancerB smokingcancausethemostseriousandterribledisease illness C smokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblemsD smokingisharmful On26January AustraliaDay inover200locationsacrossthenation morethan9 000peoplewillbecomeAustraliancitiziens Bythesecitizenshipceremonieswewelcomethosewhohavecomefromoverseasfrommanydifferentculturalandsocialbackgroundsintoourcommunitiesandournation saidtheMinisterforCitizenshipandMulticulturalAffairs AustraliaDaycelebrationsthatincludepeoplefromsomanybirthplacesareanezcellentwaytoencouragetolerance respectandfriendshipamongallthepeopleofAustralia Mostcitizenshipceremonieswillbefollowedbydisplaysofsinginganddancingfrommanyofthemigrants homelandsandthetastingoffoodfromallovertheworld OnAustraliaDay A peoplesinganddancetogetherB peopleenjoyAustraliafoodC somepeoplefromoverseaswereacceptedasthecitizensinAustraliaD peoplecantravelalloverAustralia Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills 读写能力 Withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence 自信心 accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals ITA inSaltLakeCity Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs READ TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup oftenhavelowerself respect andregardreadingasaheadache saidLisaMyron managerofthechildren sdepartment LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted DogDayAfternoon inthechildren sdepartmentofthemainlibrary About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday afternoonclasses readingforhalfanhour Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda pawgraphed bookatthelastclass TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril accordingtoDanaThumpowsky publicrelationsmanager Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext A Children sreadingdifficulties B Advantagesofraisingdogs C Serviceinapubliclibrary D Aspecialreadingprogram 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句 只是暗示性地体现主题 这就要求在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention ColorTV Only 79 Twodayssale Hurry However whenyougotothestorereadytobuy Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel Amuchbettersetwhichis justrightforyou Itcosts 395 Thissalesmethodiscalled baitandswitch Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale Theparagraphcouldbeentitled A BuyingATVSetB ASellingMethodC BuyerBewareD TVOnSale 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句 只是暗示性地体现主题 这就要求在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors HarvardLawSchooland later BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami Florida Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat A Tom whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears movedtoanotheruniversity B TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege C TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity D Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的 因此 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词 即高频词 也叫做主题词Aneweight kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem Itisexpectedtocarry20 000trucksandcarsaday whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity Aspartoftheproject twofour kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel practicallyatitshighestpoint Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand ontheinsideofthetunnel aconcretelining Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase whichismadeofconcreteandsteel Thedrainagesystem justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside removesanyextraliquid particularlywater Intheeventoffire thefiremain whichismadeofsteel pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones Thepassageismainlyabout A theconstructionofaroadB thedesignofaroadC theconstructionoftwotunnelsD thedesignoftwotunnels 猜测词义类 根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果 根据结果也可以找出原因 NMET2001 A篇 Biggestpowerfailureinthecity shistory Allofourice creamandfrozenfoodsmelted 根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词 如 but however otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别 从而依据某一句的含义 来确定另一句的含义 分号 还可以表示转折 对比或不相干的意义 Hehasbeengettingbetter butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated 根据上下文解释做出判断 其方法主要有 1 根据文中的定义 解释猜生词 例如 Skimmingmeanslookingoverapassagequicklytogetthemainideabeforeyoubegintoreaditcarefully 2 利用事例或解释猜生词 例如 Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye 3 利用重复解释的信息猜生词 例如 Mr Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually neitherearlynorlate 解题技巧 1 比较原则 如果A选项能够证明B选项成立 那么证明B比A好 依次类推 直接得出答案 注意 该原则只能用在选项有共同点 且待选选项都与原文沾边 但是较难排除的情况 例1 ThispassageismainlyaboutA TeacheroftheYear2004intheUnitedStates 描述一个老师 B MsMellor sEnglishteachinginstruction 他是英语老师 C MsMellor steachingskillsoflearningEnglish 教英语技巧的老师 D praisestoMsMellorfromotherteachers 得到表扬的老师 我们看BCD选项都能证明A对 描述一个老师 那么就直接选A 我们不要管为什么 也不必从原文去验证 从范围最大角度上说 A的范围最大 所以也选A 用信息为零原则来看 当把共同点去了 老师 A选项信息为零 所以A放在任何文章都能成立 例2 题目不用看了 A 如何使用幽默B 演讲中加入幽默C 不同的幽默战术ABC三个选项都是与原文沾边的待选答案 那么按A推B原则 BC都可说明A 如何使用幽默 但A并不能证明使用幽默代表着在演讲中加入 或者变成战术 所以直接选A 范围最大原则 答案中描述的范围越大 表达的越虚幻 则更加正确 所谓选项虚就是它不特定指什么条件 而是放在哪都说的通 从而无从挑出毛病 因为英语表述中越实在 哪怕和原文语句一致 也只能表示他描述的越片面 Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere snotalottheycandoaboutit Imeantheteenagerproblem Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit atcertaintimesawonderful reasonableandhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal I veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson rightfromachild shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman IsawhimlastweekwhenIcalledround Sprawlinghimself 懒散地躺 onthesofainfulllength hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme Hismotherwasashamed Idon tknowwhattodowithhimthesedays shesaid He sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim Hehasn tforgottenthem He sjustdecidedthathe snotgoingtousethem Sheconfessed 坦白 thatshewouldliketocomeupbehindhimandthrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture reachacrossthetable stareatmeandsay Idon tlikeyourdress it sugly Oneofthedaughtershasrecentlybeendrivenoutofschool Theotherhaslefthome Wheredidwegowrong herparentsarenowverysad Probablynowheremuch Atleast nomorethantherestofthatunfortunaterace parents 71 Thistextismostprobablywrittenby A anexpertinteenagerstudiesB aheadmasterofamiddleschoolC aparentwithteenagechildrenD adoctorformentalhealthproblems 若有两个选项意思相反 必有一个正确 两个相反选项合起来的内容就是包含全部内容 绝对词否决法答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项 这些语气词有 must always never themost all only haveto any no very