河南省2020届高三英语第十五次考试试题

高三英语第十五次考试试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A I stopped to watch my little girl busy playing in her room. In one hand was a plastic phone; in the other a toy. I listened as she was speaking to her make-believe little friend. And Ill never forget the words she said, even though it was only pretence.She said, “Suzies in the corner because shes not been very good. She didnt listen to a word I said or do the things she should.” In the corner I saw her baby doll well dressed. It was obvious that shed been put there to sit alone and think.My daughter continued her “conversation”, as I sat down on the floor. She said, “I am all fed up, and I just dont know what to do with her anymore. She cries whenever I have to work and wants to play games, too. She tries to help me with the dishes, but her arms just cannot reach And she doesnt know how to fold towels. I dont have the time to teach. I have a lot of work to do and a big house to keep clean. I dont have the time to sit and playdont you know what I mean?”And that day I thought a lot about making some changes in my life, after listening to her innocent words that cut me like a knife. I hadnt been paying enough attention to what I hold most dear. Id been caught up in responsibilities that increased throughout the year.But now my attitude has changed, because Ive seen the world in a different light through my little darlings eyes. So let the cobweb(蜘蛛网) cut the corners and the dust bunnies rule the floor. I am not going to worry about keeping up with them anymore.I am going to fill the house with memories of a child and her mother, for we have only one childhood, and we will never get another.21. Who is Suzie?A. The girls phone.B. The girls friend.C. The author.D. A baby doll.22. What can we infer from the passage?A. The little girl doesnt hate her mother any more.B. The author has become lazy because of her daughter.C. The author cares little about her daughters happiness.D. The author wants her little girl to have a happy childhood.23. What might be the best title?A. Only one childhood.B. My lovely daughter.C. How to deal with my daughter.D. A world of children.B The Arctic is not a safe place to be by any stretch of the imagination. Essentially a vast, floating block of ice, with only a small area of land, the landscape can be almost totally different from year to year. Even the most experienced explorers are lucky to return with all their fingers and toes, not to mention their lives.Into this extreme environment stepped Nabil Al Busaidi. In fact, he didnt just stephe stepped and skied his way across 650km, pulling 50kg of equipment. He also carried the flag of the Sultanate of Oman, which he held in the air at the North Pole, becoming the first Arab to achieve this impressive feat (壮举).On the way to the North Pole, Nabil was driven by the reward of success and the pain at the thought of failure.“Through the 20-whatever days, every minute there was a different thing that kept me going, either the fear of failure,19the fear of dying or the reward of finishing and getting somewhere warm. ”The ever-present cold, averaging around -40 but dropping as low as a recorded -81, is his overriding (首要的 ) memory of the experience. As an Omani, Nabil had an additional 20 drop in temperature to get used to, compared to his British teammates. Apart from the extreme cold, polar bears were a common feature of the journey, and Nabil and the team had their fair share of bear encounters. “Polar bears are dangerous, but they are not that threatening because they dont intend to harm humans. Theyre usually either curious or just dont care. We saw five bears, and none were aggressive,” said Nabil.One final problem Nabil faced was the stress put on team relations by the severity of the conditions, especially during the first three stages of the journey. However, during the fourth and final leg, the team worked so well together that they travelled 130km in only two and a half days.24. What does Paragraph 1 show?A. Nabils hard-won success.B. The value of Arctic exploration.C. Nabils good luck.D. The change of the Arctic.25. Which is the problem Nabil faced on his journey?A. Gradually rising sea level.B. Frequent polar bear attacks.C. Constantly changing climate.D. The heavy psychological burden.26. What can we know about Nabil?A. He had gone on an Arctic journey before.B. He explored the Arctic with pretty light packs.C. He finished the exploration of the Arctic all alone.D. He suffered more from extreme cold than his teammates.27. What is the passage mainly about?A. Life in the Arctic.B. Climate of the Arctic.C. The first Arab to step into the Arctic.D. Achievements scientists made in the Arctic.C China officially informed the World Trade Organization on Tuesday that it will ban the import of 24 different types of solid waste by the end of this year as part of a campaign to deal with environmental pollution and protect peoples health.In response to growing public concern over the potential environmental and health danger caused by the increasing amounts of solid waste imported into the country for recycling and treatment, China passed a special law in 1995 to control imports of waste materials, such as plastics, slag from steelmaking, unsorted scrap paper and discarded textile materials.A year later, the country published a list for solid waste imports and began implementing a permit system to control the import volumes and types of waste imported.However, due to the lack of effective supervision( 监 管 ) and the failure of relevant departments to fulfill theirduties, solid waste imports have not been effectively controlled.So far, China is the worlds largest importer of solid waste. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, China imported 7.3 million metric tons of plastic waste worth $3.7 billion in 2016, accounting for 56 percent of global imports of solid waste.Correct recycling of solid waste materials is an important part of the global economy, and moderate imports of scrap plastic, scrap paper and scrap rubber products, such as vehicle tires, can to some extent, make up for Chinas shortage of various raw materials.However, the lack of supervision has resulted in the countrys severe soil and environmental worsening.Given that Chinas continuing efforts to push for industrial transformation and upgrading have resulted in a noticeable decline in the demand for the materials recycled from solid waste imports. It is right for the country torestrict such imports for the sake of the environment and public health, and to better adapt to the changed industrial structure.28. Why will China ban the import of some waste materials?A. The amount of imported solid waste is increasing.B. The demand for imported solid waste is in decline.C. Some solid waste has damaged the environment and public health.D. People are more concerned about the environment and health now.29. Which phrase has the same meaning as the underlined word?A. Carrying out.B. Putting off.Calling off.D. Fighting against.30. What is the problem when China deals with the imported waste?A. Some imported waste is difficult to control.B. The environment cant afford the imported waste.C. Some departments havent shouldered their duties.D. Some useful materials are also among the solid waste.31. What can we learn from the passage?A. China will not rely on importing solid waste any more.B. Solid waste plays an important part in the global economy.C. People are against importing solid waste from developed countries.D. Some imported waste can relieve the urgent need for raw materials.D According to a new study, teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions.University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32 completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols.Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed, participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward, but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice, while teens did not appear to take this information into account.“From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that teens and adults learn in different ways, something that might be relevant to education, said lead author Dr. Stefano Palminteri.” Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices.To interpret the results, the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations (模拟) applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example, obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome.Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens behavior followed the simple reward-based model while adults behavior matched the complete, contextual model. “Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value,” said senior author Dr. Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. “As a result, it may be useful for parents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.”32. What can be learned from the study?A. Adults made choices faster than teens.B. Adults understood rewards better than teens.C. Teens reacted better to reward than punishment.D. Teens were aware of the outcome of each choice. 33What do we know about the computational models?A. They reflected peoples strong desire for punishment avoidance.B. They shaped the behavior of people at different ages.C. They paid equal attention to reward and punishment.D. Teens behavior matched the model that learns from rewards.34. Whats the probable meaning of the underlined word “receptive?A. AccustomedB. OpposedC. SympatheticD. Responsive 35According to the writer, which of the following statements works best for teens?A. “If you insist on doing things in this way, you will lose ten points. ”B. “If we had talked about this earlier, you wouldnt have made the mistake.”C. “ If you hand in your assignment ahead of time, you will get an extra bonus.”D. “If you want to approach a problem differently, you can talk to your parents.”第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A grateful heart is a satisfied heart. A satisfied heart is a simple heart which leads to a simplified life. Gratitude opens the door to simplicity. But we live in a culture that addresses dissatisfaction. 36 Intentionally choose it. Gratitude will never be a result of your next purchase, success, or accomplishment. 37 And you will never find it in life until you intentionally decide to choose it.Count your blessings. A new day, a warm bed, a unique personality, or a special talent. 38 Gratitude quickly sets in when we begin to spend a quiet moment each day remembering them. This practice alone has the potential to change your heart and life immeasurably. 39 Almost half the world live on less than $ 2.50 a day. 1.1 billion people have inadequate access to clean water. Let those facts sink in for just a moment and slowly allow gratitude and a desire to become part of the solution to take their place.Find gratitude in difficulty. 40 It can be more difficult during the trials of life: death, disease, or failure. The truth is that no one is exempt(豁免)from the sufferings. However, good can be found even in the worst of times. Being grateful during those difficulties may get you through them.In daily life we must see it is not happiness that makes us grateful, but gratefulness that makes us happy.A. Ignore what you dont have.B. We can learn how to be grateful.C. Open your eyes to those with less.D. Gratitude is available in your heart right now.E. You have wonderful things in your life already.F. Its easy to be grateful when things are going well.G. How can we find gratitude in a world that seeks to destroy it?第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 15 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中选出,可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Pam Bales, an experienced hiker, stepped onto snow-covered Jewell Trail. The hike up the lower part of Jewell was 41 . But less than an hour later, the weather was showing its teeth. Bales began to think about calling it a day.Then she noticed something: a single set of 42 in the snow ahead of her. Shed been 43 unclear tracks all day and hadnt given them much 44 , because so many people climb Jewell Trail. But these, as a volunteer of the Valley Search and Rescue Team, she 45 , had been made by a pair of sneakers, which was surely not for this kind of trail. Strong wind screamed, and 46 was just hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks, shed add 47 to the journey. But the tracks ahead meant someone might be in 48 . She could not let this go. She silently scolded the absent hiker for 49 normal safety rules and struggled to walk carefully in the direction of the 50 .After about tracks to 30 yards, she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting 51 . He wore tennis sneakers and a light jacket. She checked him for any sign of 52 . There was none. Bales had been trained in search and rescue and knew that he was hypothermic (体温过低的) and would 53 soon if he didnt get out of there. The man said he had lost his way and was extremely cold. Bales brought a pair of soft-shell pants, a winter hat, and a jacket from her pack. She helped the man 54 the warm, dry layers onto his body and offered him some hot cocoa. 55 he stood. She offered continuous encouragement “ Keep going! Youre doing great. Just before 6 p. m., they arrived at the trailhead 56 . Her climb up to the spot where she 57 the man had taken about four hours. Two hours had passed since then.A week later, the president of Bales rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: “ On Sunday October17, I went up my trail, Jewell. 58 was to be bad. But without thinking too much I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, making me warmer. She just kept 59 me. Finally, I learned her name was Pam. The entire time she treated me with compassion (同情心), confidence, and one hundred percent commitment.In the nine years since she saved John, Bales has become something of a hiking legend (传奇人物). Its a(n) 60 she never sought or wanted, but one she certainly has earned.41. A. pleasantB. boringC. longD. unforgettable42. A. clothesB. footprintsC. glovesD. tools43. A. recordingB. coveringC. leavingD. following44. A. responseB. expectationC. thoughtD. hope45. A. realizedB. suggestedC. admittedD. remembered46. A. successB. darknessC. freedomD. disaster47. A. informationB. interestC. riskD. pain48. A. troubleB. controlC. doubtD. touch49. A. knowingB. makingC. judgingD. breaking50. A. windB. tracksC. soundD. hikers51. A. fearlessB. uselessC. motionlessD. speechless52. A. powerB. lifeC. injuryD. loss53. A. recoverB. escapeC. wakeD. die54. A. pickB. pullC. bringD. carry55. A. UnwillinglyB. NervouslyC. ImmediatelyD. Slowly56. A. worn outB. stressed outC. left outD. kicked out57. A. treatedB. observedC. locatedD. protected58. A. ChanceB. SightC. HealthD. Weather59. A. praisingB. encouragingC. excusingD. instructing60. A. titleB. fortuneC. opportunityD. option第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The airplane maker Airbus has announced plans 61 (quit) making its famous A380 airplane. The A380 is the worlds largest passenger airplane and 62 (be) in service for 12 years. Peoplesaid it was the future of flying. However, 63 (shift) in the demands of passengers mean the days of huge, four-engine passenger planes are over. Airbus decided to stop 64 (produce) of the 541-seat A380. The decision was due to sales that were not 65 satisfying as expected. Airbus said it would no longer build the A380 in 2021. Significant job losses at companies linked to the plane will be 66 (necessary) caused.The A380 first 67 (fly) in April 2005. Britains leader called it a unique symbol of economic strength while Spains leader called it a dream. The jets were designed to make airports less busy by reducing 68 number of planes which was on the increase in the sky. However, booming air travel brought the demand for twin-engine planes that can fly non-stop to 69 people want to travel. An Airbus spokesperson sa