基础英语4 Unit 1 Never give in, never, never

Never WinstonChurchill atyourHeadMaster skindinvitationat inresponseto Detailedreading1 atyourHeadMaster skindinvitation1 e g Ameetingwasarrangedattheambassador srequest Atmysuggestion Mrs Careywrotetoherformeremployer Collocations atone sinvitation request suggestion etc Detailedreading Translation 应胡锦涛主席之邀 美国总统将对中国进行国事访问 AttheinvitationofPresidentHuJintao PresidentoftheUnitedStateswillpayastatevisittoChina Thetenmonths andofourhome Structure Thetenmonths haveseen butcananyone notfeelthankfulfor andfor and连接的两个部分是 forwhathashappenedinthetimethathaspassedfortheverygreatimprovementinthepositionofourcountryandofourhomewhat引导什么从句 名词性从句 作介词for的宾语 后面的that引导什么从句 关系代词 引导定语从句 修饰先行词time catastrophic a involvingorcausingsuddengreatdamageorsuffering Detailedreading1 catastrophic Synonym disastrous Collocations catastrophicfloods losses effects results Derivation catastrophen Detailedreading1 upsanddowns upsanddowns amixtureofgoodthingsandbadthings e g Likemostmarriedcoupleswe vehadourupsanddowns butlife slikethat Translation 从1999年建立以来 公司历经盛衰浮沉 Theorganizationhasexperienceditsupsanddownssinceitwasfoundedin1999 Detailedreading1 position position situationataparticulartime Synonym situation e g Theirsoccerteamisgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifnothingbettershowsup Detailedreading1 youarebeginning youarebeginningtofeelimpatientthattherehasbeenthislonglull Paragraph1 Paraphrase Youarebeginningtobeanxiousbecausetherehasbeennoprogressofthewarinsuchalongquietperiod Detailedreading2 throwingour throwingourmindsbacktoourmeetingheretenmonthsago recollectingourmeetingatHarrowSchooltenmonthsago e g Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945 whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatwaragainsttheFascists Detailedreading3 appearances appearancesareoftenverydeceptive Paragraph3 Paraphrase Surfacephenomenatendtobemisleading Detailedreading3 meetwith meetwith experience undergo e g Shewasworriedthathemighthavemetwithanaccident Detailedreading3 imagination imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanreality e g Howdoyoumakethatout whatareyourreasonsforthinkingthat wh Ican tmakeoutwhatshewants makeout seeorunderstand Paraphrase Ican tmakeouthowtoputitback Idon tknow understandhowtoputitback Thosepeoplewhoareimaginativeseemanymoredangersthanperhapsexist than后面省略了there 为了避免重复 e g Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthanexistsinthepublicmindtoday 如今在工作心目中 对于登山危险性的任职应当比实际存在的危险性要少 主干 Thereoughttobeless than than后面省略了主语anxiety Detailedreading3 butthen butthentheymustalsopraytobegiventhatextracouragetocarrythisfar reachingimagination Paragraph4 Paraphrase Theywishtobeequippedwithexcessivecouragetoaccomplishorrealizethiseffectiveandinfluentialblueprint Detailedreading3 far reaching far reaching a havingimportantandwidelyapplicableeffectsorimplications e g Theconsequencesofthedecisionwillbefar reaching Theydecidedtocarryonfar reachingconstitutionalreforms Collocations far reachingconsequences implications changes reforms conviction n Detailedreading5 conviction e g Shewasmotivatedbydeepreligiousconvictions 1 astrongopinionorbelief 2 U thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsth stronglyorofbeingsureaboutit e g Hesaidheagreedbuthisvoicelackedconviction Theleader sspeechindefenseofthepolicydidn tcarrymuchconviction Collocations political moralconvictions nevergiveinorsurrendertotheseeminglystrongenemy neveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy Detailedreading5 yield yield v yield tosth sb formalorliterary giveupcontrol of e g Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands Iyieldedtotemptationandhadachocolatebar Synonym surrender Paraphrase Detailedreading5 overwhelming Theevidenceagainsthimwasoverwhelming Shehadthealmostoverwhelmingdesiretotellhimthetruth e g overwhelming a verygreatinamount Derivation overwhelm v defeatormakepowerless usu agroupofpeople bymuchgreaterforceofnumbers e g tooverwhelmtheopposingarmy Translation 压倒性的大多数表决反对这个提议 Anoverwhelmingmajorityvotedagainsttheproposal Detailedreading10 ouraccount ouraccountwasclosed Paragraph4 Rhetoricaldeviceandexplanation Heretheauthorusesametaphorof opening closingabankaccount tomeanthatBritainisregardedbymanyasdoomedandcompletelydefeatedbytheenemy Theword liquidated inthenextsentenceimpliesthesame Originally itmeanstocloseabusinessandselleverythingitowns usuallyinordertopaymoneythatisowed Detailedreading11 Britainother Britain othernationsthought haddrawnaspongeacrossherslate Butinsteadourcountrystoodinthegap Paragraph5 Explanation Thissentenceusesmetaphorforrhetoricaleffects Itmeansthat althoughitwasbelievedourcountryhadbeenvirtuallywipedout wewereinfactstillholdingoutandshoulderedtheresponsibilityinisolation drawaspongeacrossherslate ametaphor meaningtocompletelywipeout defeatedstandinthegap toexposeone sselffortheprotectionofsth taketheplaceofafallendefender Atthecriticalmomentofworldeconomicrecession apowerfulgovernmentisneededtostandinthegap e g Detailedreading11 wehaveonly wehaveonlytoperseveretoconquer Paragraph5 Paraphrase Wehavenochoicebuttoholdonuntilvictorycomes Translation 我们别无选择 只有坚持不懈 直到胜利 Detailedreading6 persevere persevere v continueinacourseofactioneveninthefaceofdifficultyorwithlittleornoindicationofsuccess Collocations persevere insth indoingsth persevere withsth sb Despiteanumberofsetbacks theyperseveredintheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons e g Derivations perseveringa perseverancen Detailedreading7 compliment1 compliment v politelycongratulateorpraise sb forsth e g ShecomplimentedhimonhisexcellentGerman Collocation complimentsb onsth Thesewordshavesimilarspellingsbutcompletelydifferentmeanings Ifyoucomplimentsomeone yousaysomethingverynicetothem Ifonethingcomplementsanother thetwothingsworkorlookbetterbecausetheyaretogether Comparison compliment complement Detailedreading7 compliment2 A Thedifferentflavorseachotherperfectly B ShemeonmyEnglish complement complimented Blankfilling Detailedreading8 venturetodosth Collocations venturesth venturetodosth venturethat venturetodosth bebraveenoughtosaysth e g Shehardlydaredtoventureanopinion Shewouldneverventuretoaskforaraise Translation 我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误 Iventuredtosuggestthatshemighthavemadeamistake WinstonChurchillwasagreatoratoraswellasasuccessfulstatesman Heknewhowtouselanguagetoencouragehispeopletofightagainsttheirenemies Tomakehisshortspeecheloquentandencouraging heusedmanyrhetoricaldevices Repetition P4 Never Never Never Neveryieldto neveryieldto Metaphor P5 Britain othernationsthought haddrawnaspongeacrossherslate and ourcountrystoodinthegap AndAntonyms Nowyouarerequiredtopickouttheantonymsandanalyzethefunctiontheyperforminthespeech Rhetoricaldevicesinthetext Antonyms ups downs short long great small triumph disaster dark greatdays large petty Function Someareusedtodescribetheterriblenatureofthewar eg ups downs SomeareusedtoexpressthedeterminationoftheBritishpeopletofightonforthefinalvictory eg great small large petty Someareusedtoencouragetheaudiencenottolosehopeinthefaceofdifficulties eg dark greatdays Rhetoricaldevicesinthetext ConsolidationActivities Phrasepractice1 1 Shewouldn twanttothemthesufferingofahugeceremony put 2 Thefamousoratorthepublictopromotehisnewlypublishedbook addressedhimselfto 3 Atthattime SouthAfricaaperiodofbigeventsastheBlacksfoughtforequality wasgoingthrough through Fillintheblank s ineachsentencewithawordorphrasefromthetextinitsappropriateform ConsolidationActivities putsb throughsth e g 你最近让你的家人受了不少苦 Youhaveputyourfamilythroughalotrecently putsb throughsth makesb experiencesth verydifficultorunpleasant ConsolidationActivities addressoneselfto e g 我们必须要致力于交通污染问题 Wemustaddressourselvestotheproblemoftrafficpollution addressoneselfto formal thinkaboutaproblemorasituationanddecidehowyouaregoingtodealwithit ConsolidationActivities gothrough e g 我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后 依然这样开朗快乐 Iadmirethewayshe sstillsocheerfulafterallshe sgonethrough gothrough experienceorsuffersth ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 1 1 catastrophen catastrophica catastrophicallyad e g 那场地震是个大灾难 夺去了许多人的生命 战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来 Theearthquakewasamajorcatastrophe causingheavylossoflife Thecatastrophicconsequencesofthewarsoonunfolded ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 2 2 deceivev deceptivea deceptivelyad deceptionn e g 他们骗她在文件上签了字 外表往往是靠不住的 他通过欺骗手段获取了那份资产 Theydeceivedherintosigningthepaper Appearancescanoftenbedeceptive Heobtainedthatpropertybydeception ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 3 3 convictv convictionn e g 他被判犯有谋杀罪 她是一个道德信念坚定的女子 Hewasconvictedofmurder Sheisawomanofstrongmoralconvictions ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 4 4 apparenta apparentlyad e g 看来他们要提高电费了 Apparently theyareintendingtoputupthepriceofelectricity ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 5 5 perseverev perseveringa perseverancen e g 如果你把工作坚持下去 最终会取得成功的 玛丽是一位锲而不舍的学生 Ifyouperseverewithyourwork youwillsucceedintheend Maryisaperseveringstudent ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 6 6 desperatea desperatelyad desperationn e g 国家正遭受严重的食物短缺 因为缺乏食物 他病得奄奄一息 Thecountryissufferingfromadesperateshortageoffood Duetothelackoffood hebecamedesperatelyill ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 7 7 flinchv flinchinga Ant unflinchinga unflinchinglyad e g 看到血 他畏缩了 在最艰难的时期 她忠贞不移地陪伴着他 Heflinchedatthesightofblood Inthehardesttime sheaccompaniedhimunflinchingly ConsolidationActivities Wordderivation1 8 8 couragen courageousa encouragev encouraginga e g 她听到这个坏消息时 表现出了非凡的勇气 你坦白承认自己的错误 真是勇敢 Hearingthebadnews sheshowedremarkablecourage Itwascourageousofyoutofranklyadmityourmistake happy successful ConsolidationActivities Synonym Antonym1 1 Wehadtheunmeasuredmenaceoftheenemy Synonym threat danger 2 Thetenmonthsthathavepassedhaveseenveryterriblecatastrophiceventsintheworld upsanddowns Antonym ConsolidationActivities Synonym Antonym2 3 eachofusaccordingtoourstations toplayapartinmakingthesedaysmemorableinthehistoryofourrace Synonyms position 4 Neveryieldtoforce neveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy Synonym seemingly ConsolidationActivities Synonym Antonym3 5 AsKiplingwellsays wemust meetwithTriumphandDisaster Andtreatthosetwoimpostersjustthesame Antonym defeat failure 6 Therewasnoflinchingandnothoughtofgivingin Synonym retreat shrinking withdrawal ConsolidationActivities Synonym Antonym4 8 Allthistraditionofours oursongs ourschoolhistory thispartofthehistoryofthiscountry weregoneandfinishedandliquidated Synonym destroyed 7 Yousangthatextraversewritteninmyhonour whichIwasverygreatlycomplimentedby Synonym praise commend laud ConsolidationActivities Grammarmain Coordination Tense ConsolidationActivities Grammar1 1 CoordinationAcoordinateconstruction 并列结构 isasequenceofsemantically relatedgrammaticalunitsthataresimilarinform equalinrankofstructure identicalinfunctionandareconnectedbycoordinators 并列词 suchas and or and but Thecoordinateconstructioncanbeasequenceofcoordinatedwords phrases orclauses Whentwoormoreindependentclausesarecoordinated theyformacompoundsentence 复合句 Forexample triumphanddisaster coordinatedwords largeorpetty coordinatedwords withstrengthbutwithoutconfidence coordinatedphrases Thechildrencangowithus ortheycanstayathome coordinatedclauses compoundsentence ConsolidationActivities Grammar1 4 1 Improvethefollowingsentences 1 Mariancouldnotdecidewhethersheshouldstartcollegerightafterhighschoolortogetajobfirst Mariancouldnotdecidewhethertostartcollegerightafterhighschoolortogetajobfirst 2 Therequirementsforachemistrydegreearenotasstrictasamedicaldegree Therequirementsforachemistrydegreearenotasstrictastherequirements thoseforamedicaldegree 3 Eitherheisanabsolutecowardorafool Heiseitheranabsolutecowardorafool ConsolidationActivities Grammar1 5 4 Thestudentsarenotonlyorganizingsocialactivities butalsoareinterestedinpoliticalquestions Thestudentsarenotonlyorganizingsocialactivities butalsoshowinganinterestinpoliticalquestions ConsolidationActivities Grammar1 2 Practice 2 Combinethesentencesineachofthefollowinggroupsintoonesentence usingparallelconstructions coordination whereverpossible A TomspeaksChinesefluently B Hecan twriteinit TomspeaksChinesefluently buthecan twriteinit ConsolidationActivities Grammar1 3 A Ruelwentintotheforest B Cameronwentintotheforesttoo C Theycollectedalotofinsectspecimens RuelandCameronwentintotheforestandcollectedalotofinsectspecimens A Nomatterhowyoumeasureit educationisthelargest industry inthenation B Youcanmeasureitintermsofdollarsspent C Youcanmeasureitintermsofpeopleinvolved Educationisthelargest industry inthenationeitherintermsofdollarsspentorintermsofpeopleinvolved ConsolidationActivities Grammar2 1 TenseTenseisagrammaticalformassociatedwithverbsthattellsofthedistinctionsoftime Englishverbshavethreetenses thepast thepresentandthefuturetenses Tensesoftencombinewithaspects theprogressiveaspectforincompleteactionsandtheperfectiveaspectforcompleteactions indailyexpressions Forexample Sheplaysthepianoverywell simplepresent Sheplayedthepianoverywellwhenshewasyoung simplepast Shewillplaythepianolater simplefuture Shewasplayingthepianoat6pm pastprogressive Shehasbeenplayingthepianosince6pm presentperfectiveprogressive 4 Severaltimesthetrain take menearlytwohourstogethomewhereasinnormalconditionsit take mehalfthetime ConsolidationActivities Grammar2 2 Practice 1 Iwillmakesurethateverything be inorder Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsgiven is 2 Mr Smith step intohisoffice sit downand begin tofillintheforms stepped sat began 3 Trains run verybadlysincetherailwaystaff begin a go slow lastmonth haverun havebeenrunning hastaken began takes ConsolidationActivities Translation1 1 我安排他们在小酒吧见面 但那个小伙子一直都没有来 turnup TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish Ihadarrangedforthemtomeeteachotheratthepub buttheyoungmanneverturnedup Practice 她什么事情都迟到 Sheturnsuplateforeverything ConsolidationActivities Translation3 2 你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利 tellfromappearance Y