高中动名词 的用法幻灯片

动名词 English 1 1构成 2功能 3时态 4语态 5复合结构 6名词化 动名词 2 一 动名词及动名词短语的构成 1 构成方式 2 否定式 not 动名词 doing 的各种形式 3 3 动名词的复合结构 动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语 作为该动词所表示的的发出者 如 theircoming my me makingasuggestion hisdaughter sstayinguplatewindowbeingopen 4 二 动名词的句法功能 一 动名词作主语 二 动名词作宾语 三 动名词作表语 四 动名词作定语 5 一 动名词作主语 动名词作主语多表示抽象的 一般性的动作 Swimminghasitsadvantage Talkingmendsnoholes 空谈无济于事 Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood Thereisnottellingwhatwillhappen 无法预料会发生什么事 6 1 名词作主语 有时句中使用形式主语it而将真正主语 动名词 放到句尾 常用的结构有 Itis n doing Itis adj doingThereis was nodoing Itispossibletodo Itisnousewritingtohim heneveranswersletters Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory 注意 7 适用于以上结构的名词 短语 有 nouse nogood fun awaste oftime agreatpleasure 等形容词有 useless nice good interesting worthwhile foolish dangerous等 如 Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice Itisawasteoftime worthwhile discussingsuchmatters 8 1 WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset hernewbicycle A Asshelost B LostC Losing D tolose 9 二 动名词作宾语 动名词 短语 作宾语包括作谓语动词的宾语和作介词的宾语两个概念 作介词的宾语 sheleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous Heinsistedonwatchingthefootballgame Theysucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties Theyallobjectedtoputtingthemeetingoff 10 注意 在一些动名词 短语 作介词in的宾语的结构中 介词in可以省略 这些结构有 1 difficultytroubleS have problem in doing agood hardtimefun2 Thereisnopoint in doingsth 3 bebusyS lose time in doing waste time4 S spendtime money in doingsth 11 2 与动词不定式相似 动名词作宾语也是由一些及物动词专门要求的 常要求作宾语的动词有 admit承认 anticipate预料 appreciate感谢 avoid can thelp禁不住 consider思考 delay耽搁 deny否认 dislike dread惧怕 enjoy escape excuse fancy想象 finish forbid禁止 forgive imagine pardon permit postpone延迟 practice prevent预防 propose提议 recollect回忆 resent怨恨 resist risk冒险 save suggest建议 understand等 12 注意 在带有宾补的结构中 往往用it作形式宾语而将真正宾语 动名词 放在句尾 Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit Wefoundituselessdiscussingitagain Idon tthinkitworthwhiledoingitrightnow thinkconsideruselessS find nouse doingfeellikenogoodetc 13 2 Ourmonitorsuggested adiscussionofthissubject A tohaveB shouldhaveC have D having3 Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting Well nowIregret that A todo B tobedoingC tohavedone D havingdone 14 5 Shelooksforwardeveryspringto theflower linedgarden A visitB payavisitC walkinD walkingin6 TheletterthatIwaslookingforwardto atlast A coming B came C come D beingcome7 Whatdoyouthinkofthebook Oh excellent It sworth asecondtime A toread B tobereadC reading D beingread 15 三 动名词作表语 动名词 短语 作表语用来表示主语的内容 Herjobisnursingpatients Myfavoritesummersportisswimming 16 四 动名词作定语 动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前 表示所修饰的名词的功能 作用 Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials Mr Wangsuffersfrominsomnia 失眠 hehastotakeasleepingtabletsbeforegoingtobed Heistoooldandhastowalkwiththehelpofawalkingstick 17 三 动名词的时态 一 一般式 doing 二 完成式 havingdone 18 一 一般式 doing 动名词一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生 Byreviewingtheold youcanlearnsomethingnew Somepeopleareinterestedinsinging Childrenenjoywatchinganimatedcartoon 某些动词后 动名词所表示的动作虽然发生在谓语动作之前 但仍用动名词的一般式 Idon tremembereverseeingheranywhere Hementionedmeetingthegovernoratthereception 19 二 完成式 havingdone 动名词的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生 Iregrethavingbeenunabletowriteyouearlier Hedeniedhavingtakenanymoneyfromthecashregister Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise Wehavenoideasoftheirhavingdonesuchathing 20 四 动名词的被动语态 一 一般式 beingdone 二 完成式 havingbeendone 21 一 一般式 beingdone 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是该动作的对象 即动名词所表示的动作与逻辑主语有动宾关系 时 动名词一般要用被动式 Hecameinwithoutbeingasked Idon tmindbeinglefthomeallbymyself Hedislikedbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment Tomavoidedbeingpunishedbecauseofhisfather sabsence Beforebeingused thecomputershouldbetested 22 注意 在want need deserve require等动词及形容词worth后 总是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义 相当于 tobe 过去分词 Mywatchneedsrepairing toberepaired Thehousewantscleaning Thewaydeservesmentioning 这个方法值得一提 Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully TheSelectedPoemsiswellworthreading 23 二 完成式 havingbeendone 如果动名词所表示的被动动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生 有时需要用动名词的完成被动式 但大多数情况下都避免使用这种完成被动式 而用一般被动式代替 以免句子显得累赘 Idon trememberhavingeverbeengivingsuchabook Withouthavingbeeninvitedtotheparty hefeltsad 24 1 Whileshopping peoplesometimescan thelp intobuyingsomethingtheydon treallyneed A topersuadeB persuadingC beingpersuadedD bepersuaded2 Tonywasveryunhappyfor totheparty A havingnotbeeninvitedB nothavinginvited C havingnotinvitedD nothavingbeeninvited 25 五 动名词的复合结构 动名词具有动词的特征 因此它可有自己的逻辑主语 如果需要指出动名词动作的发出者 可在动名词前加一物主代词 名词所有格 名词或人称代词宾格来修饰 表示动名词逻辑上的主语这样就构成了动名词的复合结构 Doyoumindmy me makingasuggestion Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous Mydaughter sstayingupsolateworriedme Iknownothingaboutthewindowbeingopen Areyoudisappointedattherenotbeingmoregifts Shewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor 26 1 Sheapologisedtomefor toinformmeofthechangeintheplan A hernotbeingableB herbeingnotableC notbeingableD thatshe snotableto2 Ireallyappreciate 感激 helptome butIamsurethatIcanmanagebymyself A youtoofferB thatyouofferC yourofferingD thatyouareoffering3 Itwasimpoliteofhim without good bye A toleave sayingB leaving tosayC toleave tosayD leaving saying 27 4 IcanhardlyimaginePeter acrosstheAtlanticOceanwithin15days A sailB tosailC sailingD tohavesailed5 Thecompetitorneverdreamedof forhimtowinthefirstprizeinthe100 metrerace A therewasachanceB therebeingachanceC itbeingachanceD itwasachance6 madeherparentsworriedalot A HernottocomebackB NothertocomebackC NothercomingbackD Hernotcomingback 28 六 名词性动名词 有时一个动名词既不带宾语 状语也没有完成时态和被动语态 失去了动词的特征而更多地具有了名词的特点 如动名词前可加不定冠词 a 词后加表示复数的 s 可被形容词修饰 这种动名词称为名词性动名词 Theyaregivingtheroomagoodcleaning Histeachingstillexert 施加 astronginfluence Thebuildingofsocialismrequiresourconcertedefforts 建设社会主义需要我们齐心协力 29 Markoftenattemptstoescape wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations A havingbeenfinedB tohavebeenfinedC tobefinedD beingfinedHegivespeopletheimpression manypoems A ofhavingwrittenB tohavewrittenC ofbeingwrittenD towrite3 Thethieftookawaythewoman swalletwithout A beingseenB seeingC himseeingD seeinghim4 Peopleappreciate withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor A toworkB tohaveworkedC workingD haveworking5 I veenjoyed totalkwithyou A tobeableB beingableC tobeenableD ofbeingable 30 6 Noonecanavoid byadvertisements A tobeinfluencedB beinginfluencedC influencingD havinginfluence7 Theyareconsidering beforethepricesgoup A ofbuyingthehouseB withbuyingthehouseC buyingthehouseD tobuythehouse8 Hethoughtthat A theeffortdoingthejobwasnotworthB theeffortwasnotworthindoingthejobC itwasnotworththeeffortdoingthejobD itwasnotworththeeffortbydoingthejob9 IfIhadremembered thedoor thethingswouldnothavebeenstolen A tolockB lockingC tohavelockedD havinglocked10 Yourshirtneeds You dbetterhaveitdonetoday A iron 熨烫 B toironC ironingD beingironed 31 11 Youcan thelp commercials everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertisementoranother A tohearB tobeheardC hearingD withhearing12 Itisdifficulttogetused inatent 帐篷 afterhavingasoft comfortablebedtolieon A sleepB tosleepingC sleptD tosleep13 Itisnouse menottoworry A youtellB yourtellingC foryoutohavetoldD havingtold14 Heisverybusy hispapers Heisfartoobusy callers A towrite toreceiveB writing toreceiveC writing receivingD towrite forreceiving15 Thesuspect 嫌疑犯 atlastadmitted stolengoodsbutdenied them A receiving sellingB toreceive tosellC toreceiving tosellingD tohavereceived tohavesold 32 16 Sheapologizedfor tocome A hernotbeingableB herbeingnotableC notbeingableD thatshe snotableto17 Johnregretted tothemeetinglastweek A notgoingB nottogoC nothavingbeengoingD nottobegoing18 P