诗歌理论介绍及诗歌修辞手法ppt课件

WHATISpoetry 1 Variousdescriptionsaboutpoetry Poetryisthehoneyofallflowers thequintessenceofallscience themorrowofwit andtheveryphraseofangels ThomasNashe 2 Variousdescriptionsaboutpoetry IfIreadabookanditmakesmybodysocoldthatnofirecaneverwarmme Iknowthatispoetry IfIfeelphysicallyasifthetopofmyheadweretakenoff Iknowthatispoetry EmilyDickinson 3 Variousdescriptionsaboutpoetry Poetryisalanguagethattellsus throughamoreorlessemotionalreaction somethingthatcannotbesaid EdwinArlingtonRobison 4 Variousdescriptionsaboutpoetry Poetryisthoughtexpressedandarrangedinsuchawaythatthefeelingsoftheauthorandthereaderharmonizewiththesoundofthewords Itisusuallywrittensothattheaccentsorstressofsyllablescomeatregularintervals thelinesareoffixedlength withwordsofsimilarsoundattheendsofthelines Theregularityofaccentiscalledrhythm andthesimilarityofsoundiscalledrhyme HenryHuizinga 5 ValueofLearningpoetry Poetrybringsblessingtoourlifebothphysicallyandpsychologically PoetrybringsthelightofknowledgeasawholePoetryisafundamentalwayofexpressinghumanemotionandthought Appreciationofpoetryhelpsustofosteranaesthetictasteandloftysentiments Itisalwayssummerinpoetry 6 ValueofLearningpoetry Itwouldbeanunimaginablelossforastudentofliberalartstobeshutawayfromthemagnificentmansionofpoetry ThefollowingpoemwrittenbyEleanorFarjeonmayintrigueourmysteriouskeennesstolearnpoetry 7 Poetry Whatispoetry Whoknows Notarose butthescentoftherose Notthesky butthelightinthesky Notthefly butthegleamofthefly Notthesea butthesoundofthesea Notmyself butwhatmakesmeSee hear andfeelsomethingthatproseCannot andwhatitis whoknows 8 kindsofpoetry诗歌分类 Ballad 歌谣 Aballadisashortsimplenarrativepoemoftenrelatingadramaticevent Balladssharethefollowingcharacteristics a Thebeginningisusuallyabrupt b Thelanguageissimple c Thestoryistoldthroughdialogueandaction d Thethemeisusuallytragic e Thereisoftenarefrain 叠句 9 kindsofpoetry Lyric 抒情诗 Alyricisshort withinfiftyorsixtylines Ittreatsthethoughtsandfeelings usuallypowerfulemotionsofthepoetorsomeinventedspeaker 10 kindsofpoetry NarrativePoem 叙事诗 Apoemmainlytellsarelativelycompletestory Epic 英雄史诗 Anepicisalongnarrativepoemofgreatscale规模andgrandiose宏伟的styleabouttheheroeswhoareusuallywarriors勇士orevendemigods半人半神 11 kindsofpoetry Sonnet 十四行诗 Asonnetisalyricinvariablyoffourteenlines usuallyiniambicpentameter五步抑扬格 restrictedtoadefiniterhymescheme Threetypesofsonnet a ShakespeanSonnet ababcdcdefefggb PetrarchanSonnet abbaabbacdecdec SpenserianSonnet ababbcbccdcdee 12 kindsofpoetry Ode 颂歌 anodeisadignifiedandelaboratestructurelyricpoemofsomelength praisingandglorifyinganindividual commemoratinganevent ordescribingnatureintellectuallyratherthanemotionally Elegy 挽歌 Pastoral 田园诗 BlankVerse 无韵诗 FreeVerse 自由诗 13 Elementsofpoetry诗歌元素 Rhyme 韵律 Itistherepetitionofthestressedvowelsoundandallsucceedingsound Masculinerhyme阳性韵 whentherhymesoundsinvolveonlyonesyllable E g cold and bold Femininerhyme阴性韵 whentherhymesoundsinvolvetwoormoresyllables E g spiteful and delightful 14 Elementsofpoetry Iftheoneorbothrhymingwordsarewithintheline itiscalledinternalrhyme中间韵 e g Thegrainsbeyondage thedarkveinsofhermother Ifthebothrhymingwordsoccurattheendsoflines itiscalledendrhyme尾韵 e g Threepoets inthreedistantagesborn Greece Italy andEnglanddidadorn 15 Elementsofpoetry Alliteration头韵istherepetitionofconsonants esp atthebeginningofwordsorstressedsyllables e g WhileInodded nearlynapping suddenlytherecameatapping Sinkorswim不管沉浮成败Fairandfoul好坏Safeandsound安然无恙Forgiveandforget既往不咎Timeandtide时间 光阴 16 Elementsofpoetry Assonance类韵istherepetitionofsimilarsoundswithinanoticeablerange e g Alldaythewindbreatheslowwithmellowertone Thro everyhollowcaveandalleylone late make killed coldConsonance辅音韵istherepetitionofidenticalconsonantsoundsbeforeandafterdifferentvowels e g tit and tat creak and crack 17 Elementsofpoetry Meter 格律 Referstotheregularpatternofstressedandunstressedsyllables Usually astressedsyllableismarkedwith andanunstressedsyllableismarkedwith U 18 Elementsofpoetry NamesforMeters格律名称 iamb抑扬格 iambic 1unstressedsyllablefollowedby1stressedsyllable Thepatternis U anapest抑抑扬格 anapestic 2unstressedsyllablesfollowedby1stressedsyllable Thepatternis UU torhee扬抑格 trochaic 1stressedsyllablefollowedby1unstressedsyllable Thepatternis U 19 Elementsofpoetry dactyl扬抑抑格 dactylic 1stressedsyllablefollowedby2unstressedsyllable UUspondee扬扬格 spondaic 1stressedsyllablefollowedbyanotherstressedsyllable 20 Elementsofpoetry Foot 音部 Referstoaunitofpoeticmetersofstressedandunstressedsyllables 21 Elementsofpoetry Namesforfeet音步名称 monometer单音步诗行 onefootdimeter二音步诗行 twofeettrimeter三音步诗行 threefeetpentameter五音步诗行 fivefeethexameter六音步诗行 sixfeethepatmeter七音步诗行 sevenfeetoctameter八音步诗行 eightfeetNotice Meterisbasedonsyllables indicatinghowstressedandunstressedsyllablesarearranged Footisappliedwithinasingleline indicatinghowmanymetersareemployedinthatline 22 Elementsofpoetry E g U U U U U ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday U U U U U Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate U U U U U RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay U U U U U Andsummer sleasehathalltooshortadate 23 Elementsofpoetry Asshownabove thesyllablesarearrangedinthepatternoftheunstressedandstressed U sothemeterisiambic Andeachofthelinescontainsfiveiambicunit iamb sothelinesarewritteninpentameter Themetricalrhythmoftheselinesisiambicpentameter 24 Elementsofpoetry Tone基调 thepose mood voice attitudeandoutlookofthepoet Itmaybe cold eager uncertain boastful or protesting etc Image意象Imagery意境 alltheimagesformedintoameaningfulwholeinapoemisoftencalleditsimagery Theme主题 25 Elementsofpoetry Poeticdevices诗歌修辞手法simile明喻metaphor隐喻暗喻conceit奇思妙喻personification拟人symbol象征ambiguity歧义onomatopoeia拟声hyperbole夸张Synaesthesia通感 感觉的转移Parody仿词Allusion典故 26 Antithesis对偶 Manproposes Goddisposes 谋事在人 成事在天Giveeverymanthyear butfewthyvoice 多听少说 Manyarecalled butfewarechosen 27 Whenthereisneedofsilence youspeak andwhenthereisneedofspeech youaredumb 须静时你说 要说时你哑 whenyouarepresent youwishtobeabsent andwhenabsent youdesiretobepresent inpeaceyouareforwar andinwaryoulongforpeace incouncil协商中youdescant评论onbravery andinthebattleyoutremble 协商时你谈论勇气 而战场上你只会战栗 28 AmongEnglishwriterswhohavemadethemostabundantuseofantithesisarePope蒲伯 Young Johnson andGibbon andespeciallyLyly约翰 利利inhisEuphues尤弗依斯 1578 29 Zeugma拈连 用一个动词或形容词 来修饰两个以上名词 Family religion friendship Thesearethethreedemons魔鬼youmustslay killifyouwishtosucceedinbusiness Mr Burns TheSimpsonsFriends Romans countrymen lendmeyourears WilliamShakespeare JuliusCaesar 30 Lustconqueredshame audacity大胆fear madnessreason Historiesmakemenwise poets witty themathematics subtle naturalphilosophy deep moral grave logicandrhetoric abletocontend FrancisBacon 31 Bothdeterminationandvirtuewillprevail bothdedicationandhonor diligenceandcommitment 32 Syllepsis一笔双叙 一种特殊的zeugma 意义变化较大 或者其中一部分不符合语法或意义逻辑 Thebloodstainedhernewbrocadeandherhonor 血溅污了她的新织锦 玷污了她的荣誉 Shelostherheartandnecklessattheball Thesky andmyhopes isfalling Mr JonestookhiscoatandhisleaveBothloudlightningandthundershookthetemplewalls 33 She wentstraighthomeinafloodoftears andasedanchair CharlesDickensMyteethandambitionsarebared beprepared Scar fromTheLionKingShewasathief yougottobelieve shestolemyheartandmycat FromthefilmSoIMarriedanAxeMurderer 34 Youarefreetoexecute执行 处死yourlaws andyourcitizens asyouseefit FromthetelevisionprogramStarTrek TheNextGenerationThere speopleonthestreetusinggunsandknives takingdrugsandeachotherslives FlightoftheConchords ThinkAboutIt 35 Pun双关 Homophonicpun谐音双关Atheismisanon prophet profitinstitution 无神论是一种非盈利性信仰 Question WhydowestillhavetroopsinGermany 为什么还在德国驻留部队 Answer TokeeptheRussiansinCzech check 为了将苏联控制在捷克 36 Homographicpun语义双关 Order please Beer Youcantuneaguitar butyoucan ttuna tuneafish Unlessofcourse youplaybass 贝司 鲈鱼 你可以弹吉他 但你不能弹奏鱼 除非你弹奏鲈鱼 贝司 37 Homonymicpun同音同形异义双关 Hehasnothingrightinhisleftbrain Hehasnothingleftinhisrightbrain 他左脑想法离谱 他右脑空无一物 38 Didyouhearaboutthelittlemoronwhostrainedhimselfwhilerunningintothescreendoor 你有没有听说过一个小傻瓜撞上纱门时还要使劲 过滤了过去 冲门而出 Beinginpoliticsisjustlikeplayinggolf youaretrappedinonebadlie 1谎言 2球位 afteranother 从政犹如打高尔夫 你总要陷于糟糕的球位 撒弥天大谎 Lie是意义截然不同的两个词 但同音同形 39 compoundpun复合双关 WhycanamanneverstarveintheGreatDesert Becausehecaneatthesandwhichisthere Butwhatbroughtthesandwichesthere Why NoahsentHam ham andhisdescendantsmustered mustard芥末andbred bread Wheredomathematiciansgoonweekends ToaM biusstripclub 公用一个strip M biusstrip 莫比乌斯环Stripclub 脱衣舞俱乐部 40 recursivepun递归双关第二层意义依赖于第一层 Hehasnothingrightinhisleftbrain Hehasnothingleftinhisrightbrain isonlyhalfapie radians弧度is180degrees orhalfacircle andapieisacompletecircle Infinityisnotinfinity 无限不在有限之中 41 Non humorouspunswereandareastandardrhetoricalandpoeticdeviceinEnglishliterature Punsandotherformsofwordplayhavebeenusedbymanyfamouswriters suchasAlexanderPope JamesJoyce VladimirNabokov RobertBloch LewisCarroll JohnDonne andWilliamShakespeare whoisestimatedtohaveusedover3 000punsinhisplays 42 Shakespeare sRichardIII理查德三世 NowisthewinterofourdiscontentmadeglorioussummerbythissonofYork Son sun 43 AHymntoGodtheFather神父赞美诗 WhenThouhastdone ThouhastnotdoneForIhavemore thatatmydeathThySonShallshineasheshinesnow andheretoforeAndhavingdonethat Thouhastdone Ifearnomore JohnDonne约翰 多恩 marriedtoAnneMore usespunsrepeatedly Son sun 2compoundpunson Donne done and More more All3arehomophonic more homographic capitonymic 44 Paradox似非而是的精警 年年难过年年过 处处无家处处家 Hastemakeswaste欲速则不达 Childisthefatherofman Thetimeoflifeisshort tospendthatshortnessbasely itwouldbetoolong Shakespeare人生苦短 若虚度年华 则短暂的人生就太长了 45 Warispeace Freedomisslavery Ignoranceisstrength GeorgeOrwell 1984 46 E Ray BraduryThevacation假期 Thelanddidnotmove butmoved Theseawasnotstill yetwasstill Paradoxflowedintoparadox stillnessmixedstillness soundwithsound 大地止而亦行 大海动而亦静 万寂交而万籁和 若真若假 若是若非 47 Theswiftesttravelerishethatgoesafoot HenryDavidThoreau Walden梭罗 瓦尔登湖 48 Ifyouwishtopreserveyoursecret wrapitupinfrankness AlexanderSmith 49 红楼梦 宝钗笑道 你的绰号早有了 无事忙 三个字恰当得很 You vealreadygotone Baochaichuckled MuchAdoaboutNothingisjustthenameforyou 50 Oxymoron矛盾修饰法 deafeningsilence甜蜜的伤心amournfuloptimist悲伤的乐观主义者agreeablemelancholy令人舒适的忧郁pleasantsorrow凄美jarringsilence刺耳的沉默pleasantmalady令人愉快的疾病 51 cruelkindness严酷的仁慈truelies真实的谎言enclosedfreedom封闭的自由bitter sweetmemories伤心但愉快的回忆Themotherisundergoingthejoyfulpainandthepainfuljoyofchildbirth 52 徐志摩的 赠日本女郎 最是那一低头的温柔 像一朵水莲花不胜凉风的娇羞 道一声珍重 道一声珍重 那一声珍重里有甜蜜的忧愁 沙扬娜拉 这是徐志摩于1924年陪泰戈尔游历东瀛岛国日本时写的长诗 沙扬娜拉十八首 中的最后一首 这首玲珑之作表现了浪漫诗人的灵动与风流情怀 诗中末尾的 甜蜜的忧愁 作为全诗的诗眼 就是运用了矛盾修辞法 这里 诗人采用对立情绪产生的矛盾效果 浪漫地表达了自己的情感 真可谓悠悠离愁 万种风情 一切尽在不言中 53 RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶 Why then Obrawlinglove Olovinghate Oanything ofnothingfirstcreate Oheavylightness Seriousvanity Mis shapenchaosofwell seemingforms Featheroflead brightsmoke coldfire sickhealth Still wakingsleepthatisnotwhatitis ThislovefeelI thatfeelnoloveinthis RomeoandJuliet 啊 吵抄闹闹的相爱 亲亲热热的怨恨 啊 无中生有的一切 啊 沉重的轻浮 严肃的狂妄 整齐的混乱 铅铸的羽毛 光明的烟雾 寒冷的火焰 憔悴的健康 永远觉醒的睡眠 否定的存在 我感觉到的爱情正是这么一种东西 可是我并不喜爱这一种爱情 54 美国著名短篇小说家欧亨利 Ithasthepoorestmillionaires thelittlestgreatman thehaughtiestbeggars theplainestbeauties thelowestskyscrapers thedolefulestpleasuresofanytownIeversaw 它有我从未见过的最贫穷的百万富翁 最渺小的伟人 最傲慢的乞丐 最丑陋的美人 最矮的摩天大楼和最令人伤心的快乐 55 英国桂冠诗人AlfredTennyson 1809 1892 HishonourrootedindishonourstoodAndfaithunfaithfulkepthimfalselytrue 他那来源于不名誉的名誉依然如故 而那并不诚实的诚实保持虚伪的忠诚 在这句诗中 诗人巧妙运用dishonour修饰honour unfaithful修饰faith falsely修饰true 从而形成一系列的语义对立 产生出了鲜明的矛盾修辞效果 56 Palindrome回文 Youcancageaswallow can tyou Butyoucan tswallowacage canyou Eva canIstabbatsinacave 57 Sopatientadoctortodoctorapatientso Themelodywasold oldalsowerethewords 58 59 Anadiplosis顶真 Hegavehislife lifewasallhecouldgive Informationisnotknowledge knowledgeisnotwisdom wisdomisnottruth truthisnotbeauty beautyisnotlove loveisnotmusicandmusicisthebest FrankZappa 60 Minebethylove andthylove susetheirtreasure Shakespeare Sonnet20 Queeg Aboardmyship excellentperformanceisstand