高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题.doc

PartOne Structure （尊重文章框架）A(09安徽) Recite and repeat in conversation.When you hear a persons name，repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.Ask the other person to recite and repeat.You can let other people help you remember their names. After youve been introduced to someone，ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort youre making to learn their names.Admit you dont know.Admitting that you cant remember someones name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?”Use associations.Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example，you could make a mental note: Vicki Cheng - tall, black hair. To reinforce youre your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.Go early.Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. Thats fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to othersan automatic review for you.Q1 The following para is taken from the above passage .Put it in place.Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it(文首)Q2 What does the text mainly tell us?A. Tips on an important social skill. B. Importance of attending parties.C. How to make use of associations. D. How to recite and repeat names. B（09重庆）A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be running out of control, This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections（反对），whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to build a safer world. In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact（影响）on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict. Q1 The following para is taken from the above passage .Put it in placeTherefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the unties efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. (文尾)Q2 . What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers. B. The development of science mostly lies in peoples attitudes. C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts. D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas. C（09山东）Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A. spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Professor john Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departmentswere drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250. “There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasnt traditionally done. ” He added. University applications rose 7% last year. But there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with peoples renewed interest in caters in the pubic sector（部门）, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain. Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “Its possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation thats financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.” Q1 The following para is taken from the above passage .Put it in place.An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to （归因于）the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works（文尾）Q2 Whats the main idea of the text? A. Universities have received more applications. B. Economics is attracting an increasing numbers students C. college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty D. parents are concerned with childrens subject selection. D（08浙江）A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations (HOAs) access the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This had led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws to be passed to protect peoples right to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clothesline. Right-to-Dry supporters argue that there should be moved. Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-conscious(有生态意识的) person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But on July 9, 2007, the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbour had telephoned them about him clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard. “Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they dont take matters in their own hands,” says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors come to them. North Carolina lawmakers are saying that banning clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors cant even afford dryers, housing prices will fall. Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, “The clothesline is beautiful”. Hanging clothes outside should . Q1 The following para is taken from the above passage .Put it in place.On one side stand those who see clothes dryers(干衣机) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “what-I can do environmentalism(环境保护主义).”（）Q2 What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Clothesline drying: a way to save energy and money. B. Clothesline drying: a lost art rediscovered. C. Opposite opinions on clothesline drying. D. Different varieties of clotheslinese encouraged. E（09湖南）The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding （繁殖） rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.” The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up. It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it, , was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small. While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. W, , ong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical （等级的） societies remain stable. The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal.”Q1: The following para is taken from the above passage .Put it in place.People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.（文首）Q2 What is the text mainly about? A. Fish dieting and human dieting. B. Dieting and health. C. Human dieting. D. Fish dieting F (09四川) 1 One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol(乙醇) more sustainable(可持续的)than gas generally, but thats not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazilinto farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO ) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help. 2 You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete life-cycle analysis of its environmental(环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming3 All too often, a choice that seems sustainable(可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇) for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resource you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea. Q1： Put the paragraphs in order Q2: What does the author mainly discuss in the text? A. Technology B. Sustainability C. Ethanol energy D. Environmental protection Keys:APartTwo Choice （注意选项中心词，及范围） （08安徽）Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (百科全书), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.70. Which of the following is mainly discussed?A. Types of books. B. Kinds of dictionary. C. Lists of history books. D. Collections of stories and poems.（09四川）It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit(储蓄) into your PBA and will build strength.52. The author mainly wants to express . A. one must be brave to be honest B. its difficult to be honest when others are not C. one should be honest when making a deposit D. honesty in ones actions can help him in the future (08江西) When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorns horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorns horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino(犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.58. The paragraph is mainly about _.A. the properties of the unicorn horn B. the users of the unicorn hornC. the price of the unicorn horn D. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino hornKeys: A D APart Three PassageA （例子的作用）（09浙江）In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh（法老） treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off. Shades of that spirit spread over todays conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says its going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the race with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile. Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh that bus left rive minutes ago.” Dreams of head-cutting! Its not the news that makes someone angry. Its the unsympathetic attitude with which its delivered. Everyone must give bad mews from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A. doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation dose it in a caring way A. boss informing an employee he didnt get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver. Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When youre tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isnt ready ye? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces. Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, “Oh, thats all right. Ill catch the next one.” Big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded （被轰炸的） person is sure to have . 56. What is the main idea of the text? A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication. B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success. C. Receiving bad news requires great courage. D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful. B（高频词尾段）（09江西）Many people to newspaper and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor must