Hadoop详细安装配置过程

Hadoop学习第一步之基础环境搭建1.下载并安装ubuntukylin-15.10-desktop-amd64.iso2.安装sshsudo apt-get install openssh-server openssh-client3.搭建vsftpd#sudo apt-get update#sudo apt-get install vsftpd配置参考/Linux/2015-01/111970.htm/article/67508eb4d6c4fd9ccb1ce470.html/link?url=vEmPmg5sV6IUfT4qZqivtiHtXWUoAQalGAL7bOC5XrTumpLRDfa-OmFcTzPetNZUqAi0hgjBGGdpnldob6hL5IhgtGVWDGSmS88iLvhCO4Cvsftpd的开始、关闭和重启$sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start #开始$sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd stop #关闭$sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart #重启4.安装jdk1.7sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /optcp /soft/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz /optsudo vi /etc/profilealias untar=tar -zxvfsudo source /etc/profilesource /etc/profileuntar jdk*环境变量配置# vi /etc/profile在profile文件最后加上# set java environmentexport JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_79export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH配置完成后，保存退出。不重启，更新命令#source /etc/profile测试是否安装成功# Java version其他问题：1.sudo 出现unable to resolve host 解决方法参考/yuzhiyuxia/article/details/199986652.Linux开机时停在 Starting sendmail 不动了的解决方案参考/uid-21675795-id-356995.html3.ubuntu 安装软件时出现 E: Unable to locate package vsftpd参考/content-2584008.html4.Linux/Ubuntu vi/vim 使用方法讲解参考/emanlee/archive/2011/11/10/2243930.html分类:Hadoop-克隆master虚拟机至node1 、node2分别修改master的主机名为master、node1的主机名为node1、node2的主机名为node2(启动node1、node2系统默认分配递增ip，无需手动修改)分别修改/etc/hosts中的ip和主机名(包含其他节点ip和主机名)-配置ssh免密码连入hadoopnode1:$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P -f /.ssh/id_dsaGenerating public/private dsa key pair.Created directory /home/hadoop/.ssh.Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:B8vBju/uc3kl/v9lrMqtltttttCcXgRkQPbVoU hadoopnode1The keys randomart image is:+-DSA 1024-+| .o.o. | o+.E . | . oo + | . + + |o +. o ooo +|=o. . o. ooo. o.|*o. .+=o .+.+|+-SHA256-+hadoopnode1:$ cd .sshhadoopnode1:/.ssh$ ll总用量 16drwx- 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 24 20:31 ./drwxr-xr-x 18 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 24 20:31 ./-rw- 1 hadoop hadoop 668 Jul 24 20:31 id_dsa-rw-r-r- 1 hadoop hadoop 602 Jul 24 20:31 id_dsa.pubhadoopnode1:/.ssh$ cat id_dsa.pub authorized_keyshadoopnode1:/.ssh$ ll总用量 20drwx- 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 24 20:32 ./drwxr-xr-x 18 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul 24 20:31 ./-rw-rw-r- 1 hadoop hadoop 602 Jul 24 20:32 authorized_keys-rw- 1 hadoop hadoop 668 Jul 24 20:31 id_dsa-rw-r-r- 1 hadoop hadoop 602 Jul 24 20:31 id_dsa.pub单机回环ssh免密码登录测试hadoopnode1:/.ssh$ ssh localhostThe authenticity of host localhost () cant be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:daO0dssyqt12tt9yGUauImOh6tt6A1SgxzSfSmpQqJVEiQTxas.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added localhost (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.Welcome to Ubuntu 15.10 (GNU/Linux 4.2.0-16-generic x86_64) * Documentation: /270 packages can be updated.178 updates are security updates.New release 16.04 LTS available.Run do-release-upgrade to upgrade to it.Last login: Sun Jul 24 20:21:39 2016 from hadoopnode1:$ exit注销Connection to localhost closed.hadoopnode1:/.ssh$出现以上信息说明操作成功,其他两个节点同样操作让主结点(master)能通过SSH免密码登录两个子结点（slave）hadoopnode1:/.ssh$ scp hadoopmaster:/.ssh/id_dsa.pub ./master_dsa.pubThe authenticity of host master (28) cant be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:daO0dssyqtt9yGUuImOh646A1SgxzSfatSmpQqJVEiQTxas.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added master,28 (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.hadoopmasters password: id_dsa.pub 100% 603 0.6KB/s 00:00 hadoopnode1:/.ssh$ cat master_dsa.pub authorized_keys如上过程显示了node1结点通过scp命令远程登录master结点，并复制master的公钥文件到当前的目录下，这一过程需要密码验证。接着，将master结点的公钥文件追加至authorized_keys文件中，通过这步操作，如果不出问题，master结点就可以通过ssh远程免密码连接node1结点了。在master结点中操作如下：hadoopmaster:/.ssh$ ssh node1The authenticity of host node1 (29) cant be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:daO0dssyqt9yGUuImOh3466A1SttgxzSfSmpQqJVEiQTxas.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added node1,29 (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.Welcome to Ubuntu 15.10 (GNU/Linux 4.2.0-16-generic x86_64) * Documentation: /270 packages can be updated.178 updates are security updates.New release 16.04 LTS available.Run do-release-upgrade to upgrade to it.Last login: Sun Jul 24 20:39:30 2016 from hadoopnode1:$ exit注销Connection to node1 closed.hadoopmaster:/.ssh$ 由上图可以看出，node1结点首次连接时需要，“YES”确认连接，这意味着master结点连接node1结点时需要人工询问，无法自动连接，输入yes后成功接入，紧接着注销退出至master结点。要实现ssh免密码连接至其它结点，还差一步，只需要再执行一遍ssh node1，如果没有要求你输入”yes”，就算成功了，过程如下：hadoopmaster:/.ssh$ ssh node1Welcome to Ubuntu 15.10 (GNU/Linux 4.2.0-16-generic x86_64) * Documentation: /270 packages can be updated.178 updates are security updates.New release 16.04 LTS available.Run do-release-upgrade to upgrade to it.Last login: Sun Jul 24 20:47:20 2016 from 28hadoopnode1:$ exit注销Connection to node1 closed.hadoopmaster:/.ssh$如上图所示，master已经可以通过ssh免密码登录至node1结点了。 对node2结点也可以用上面同样的方法进行表面上看，这两个结点的ssh免密码登录已经配置成功，但是我们还需要对主结点master也要进行上面的同样工作，这一步有点让人困惑，但是这是有原因的，具体原因现在也说不太好，据说是真实物理结点时需要做这项工作，因为jobtracker有可能会分布在其它结点上，jobtracker有不存在master结点上的可能性。 对master自身进行ssh免密码登录测试工作：hadoopmaster:/.ssh$ scp hadoopmaster:/.ssh/id_dsa.pub ./master_dsa.pubThe authenticity of host master () cant be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:daO0dssttqt9yGUuImOahtt166AgxttzSfSmpQqJVEiQTxas.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added master (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.id_dsa.pub 100% 603 0.6KB/s 00:00 hadoopmaster:/.ssh$ cat master_dsa.pub authorized_keyhadoopmaster:/.ssh$ ssh masterWelcome to Ubuntu 15.10 (GNU/Linux 4.2.0-16-generic x86_64) * Documentation: /270 packages can be updated.178 updates are security updates.New release 16.04 LTS available.Run do-release-upgrade to upgrade to it.Last login: Sun Jul 24 20:39:24 2016 from hadoopmaster:$ exit注销Connection to master closed.至此，SSH免密码登录已经配置成功。-解压hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz/opt$untar hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gzmv hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz hadoop然后更新环境变量vi /etc/profileexport JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_79export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarexport HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoopexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbinexport HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/nativeexport HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/nativealias untar=tar -zxvfalias viprofile=vi /etc/profilealias sourceprofile=source /etc/profilealias catprofile=cat /etc/profilealias cdhadoop=cd /opt/hadoop/alias startdfs=$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.shalias startyarn=$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.shalias stopdfs=$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/stop-dfs.shalias stopyarn=$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/stop-yarn.shsource /etc/profile-步骤六：修改配置一共有7个文件要修改：$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-env.sh$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves其中$HADOOP_HOME表示hadoop根目录 a) hadoop-env.sh 、yarn-env.sh这二个文件主要是修改JAVA_HOME后的目录，改成实际本机jdk所在目录位置vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh （及 vi etc/hadoop/yarn-env.sh）找到下面这行的位置，改成（jdk目录位置，大家根据实际情况修改）export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_79另外 hadoop-env.sh中 , 建议加上这句:export HADOOP_PREFIX=/opt/hadoopb) core-site.xml 参考下面的内容修改： fs.defaultFS hdfs:/master:9000 hadoop.tmp.dir /opt/hadoop/tmp 注：/opt/hadoop/tmp 目录如不存在，则先mkdir手动创建core-site.xml的完整参数请参考 /docs/r2.6.0/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/core-default.xmlc) hdfs-site.xml dfs.datanode.ipc.address :50020 dfs.datanode.http.address :50075 dfs.replication 2 注:dfs.replication 表示数据副本数，一般不大于 datanode 的节点数。hdfs-site.xml的完整参数请参考/docs/r2.6.0/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/hdfs-default.xmld) mapred-site.xml yarn mapred-site.xml的完整参数请参考/docs/r2.6.0/hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/mapred-default.xmle)yarn-site.xml yarn.nodemanager.aux-services mapreduce_shuffle yarn-site.xml的完整参数请参考/docs/r2.6.0/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-common/yarn-default.xml另外,hadoop 1.x与2.x相比, 1.x中的很多参数已经被标识为过时,具体可参考/docs/r2.6.0/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/DeprecatedProperties.html最后一个文件slaves暂时不管（可以先用mv slaves slaves.bak 将它改名），上述配置弄好后，就可以在master上启用 NameNode测试了，方法：$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hdfs namenode format 先格式化16/07/25 。16/07/25 20:34:42 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-1076359968-07/25 20:34:42 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /opt/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.16/07/25 20:34:43 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid = 016/07/25 20:34:43 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 016/07/25 20:34:43 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: /*SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at master/*/等看到这个时，表示格式化ok$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh 启动完成后，输入jps (ps -ef | grep .)查看进程，如果看到以下二个进程：5161 SecondaryNameNode4989 NameNode表示master节点基本ok了再输入$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh ，完成后，再输入jps查看进程 5161 SecondaryNameNode5320 ResourceManager4989 NameNode如果看到这3个进程，表示yarn也ok了f) 修改 /opt/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves如果刚才用mv slaves slaves.bak对该文件重命名过，先运行 mv slaves.bak slaves 把名字改回来，再vi slaves 编辑该文件，输入node1node2保存退出，最后运行$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/stop-dfs.sh $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/stop-yarn.sh 停掉刚才启动的服务 步骤七：将master上的hadoop目录复制到 node1,node2仍然保持在master机器上cd 先进入主目录 cd /optzip -r hadoop.zip hadoopscp -r hadoop.zip hadoopnode1:/opt/scp -r hadoop.zip hadoopnode2:/opt/unzip hadoop.zip注： node1 、 node2 上的hadoop临时目录(tmp)及数据目录(data)，仍然要先手动创建。-步骤八：验证master节点上，重新启动$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh-hadoopmaster:/opt/hadoop/sbin$ start-dfs.shStarting namenodes on mastermaster: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.outnode1: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node1.outnode2: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node2.outStarting secondary namenodes : starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out-hadoopmaster:/opt/hadoop/sbin$ start-yarn.shstarting yarn daemonsstarting resourcemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-master.outnode1: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-node1.outnode2: startin