高中英语模块7第一单元语法和用法ppt课件

.,Unit1Livingwithtechnology,.,Grammarandusage,Transitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs,.,Iwillfinishthejobsoon.Peterboughthimadictionary.Hefoundhimselfagoodplacetolive.Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.,finish,buy,find,transitiveverbs(vt),intransitiveverbs(vi),happen,.,常见的不及物动词及词组,come,go,die,appear,sit,rise,apologize,belong,arrive,breakout,happen,occur,takeplace,comeabout,runout,giveout,不及物动词及词组没有被动语态,不及物动词后加上相应的介词时可加宾语,.,可以接双宾语的动词,makesbsthbuysbsthdosbsthgetsbsthplaysbsthordersbsthsingsbsthpaysbsth,makesthforsbbuysthforsbdosthforsbgetsthforsbplaysthforsbordersthforsbsingsthforsbpaysthforsb,.,可以接双宾语的动词,givesbsthhandsbsthshowsbsthtellsbsthsendsbsth,givesthtosbhandsthtosbshowsthtosbtellsthtosbsendsthtosb,return,bring,write,read,throw,pass,promise,lend,refuse,leave,.,可以接宾补的动词,keep,make,find,leave(adj)call,name,make,think(n)see,watch,hear,have(none-finite),.,Sheapologizedtomeagain.Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.,Lead-in,英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。1.“主谓宾”结构。如：HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.,Theobjectcanbeanoun,apronoun,aninfinitive,averb-ingoranobjectclause.,2.“主谓双宾”结构。如:Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.Thedirectobjectisusuallyanounmostclearlyaffectedoracteduponbytheactionofatransitiveverb.Theindirectobjectisusuallyanounorapronounthatreferstotherecipient.,类似的还有：参见考一本,.,3.“主谓宾宾补”结构。如:Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.,Thecomplementcanbeanoun,anadjective,anadverb,aprepositionalphraseoranon-finiteverbwhichrefersbacktotheobject.,类似的还有：参见考一本,不及物动词（vi.）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。如：look(看)即不能直接加宾语Look!Sheissinging.Lookcarefully!Lookatmecarefully!,不及物动词后面不跟宾语，只能用“主谓”结构。如：ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived.类似的还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,fail,succeed.,.,Morechallengeslieaheadofme.Intransitiveverbscanusuallybefollowedbyanadverbial.,Boredwithlifeinthecity,hemovedtoaremotevillageaccessibleonlybyboat.Intransitiveverbscanbefollowedbyaprepositionalphrase.,既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin都是作“开始”讲。Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似的还有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.,既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。lift作不及物动词时指烟雾的“消散”。Wesawthemountainwhenthecloudslifted.作及物动词时是“升高；举起”。Heliftedhisglassanddrank.,.,类似的还有：beatvi.跳动vt.敲、打;growvi.生长vt.种植playvi.玩耍vt.打（牌、球）,演奏smellvi.发出（气味）vt.嗅ringvi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speakvi.讲话vt.说（语言）hangvi.悬挂vt.绞死operatevi.动手术vt.操作,需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语。如：Idreamedadreamlastnight.我昨晚做了个梦。,.,dealaproblemdealwithaproblem处理问题dependsb.dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人insistdoingsth.insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事,判断正误：,.,误：dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误：dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事,.,knockthedoorknockonatthedoor敲门operatesb.operateonsb.为某人做手术participatesth.participateinsth.参加某事refersth.refertosth.查阅（参考)某物,判断正误：,.,误：knockthedoor正：knockonatthedoor敲门误：operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误：participatesth.正：participateinsth.参加某事误：refersth.正：refertosth.查阅（参考)某物,.,relysb./sth.relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人某物replyaletterreplytoaletter回信,判断正误：,.,误：relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人某物误：replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信,注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物，如insist，reply等动词后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。,.,AReadthefollowingpassageanddecidewhethertheunderlinedverbsaretransitiveorintransitive.Writevtifitisatransitiveverborviifitisanintransitiveverb.,.,1.checked(vt.)2.bought(vt.)3.sitting(vi.)4.see(vt.)5.talked(vi.)6.turned(vi.)7.hurts(vi.)8.suffering(vt.)9.thought(vt.)10.smiled(vi.),.,BChoosethecorrectwordsorphrasestocompletethesentencesbelow.,answer/answerforaHearingthebell,Janegotupfromherchairandwentto_thedoor.bIfyoucontinuetobehavelikethis,youllhaveto_yourbehaviour.,answer,answerfor,2benefit/benefitfromaTheprojecthas_thecountryinmanyaspects.bItisexpectedthatbothcountrieswill_thisaggreement.,benefited,benefitfrom,.,3decide/decideagainstaHaveyou_whattodoaftergraduation?bTooursurprise,they_theplanyesterdaywithoutanyexplanation.,decided,decidedagainst,4pay/payforaHethankedtherepairmanand_himtwentydollars.bTo_theticketfortheconcert,mysisterdecidedtotakeapart-timejob.,paid,payfor,.,5adjust/adjustfromaImafraidwehaveto_thedevelopmentofcomputertechnology.bThemonitorneedstobe_sothateveryonecanreaswhatisonthescreen.,adjustto,adjusted,1.Ifyouwanttosellyourproductyoumust_it.A.advertiseB.advertiseforC.advertiseonD.advertiseto正确答案为A【陷阱】容易误选B，用作及物动词时，其意为“为做广告”、“登广告宣传”；用作不及物动词时，通常后接介词for，表示“做广告征求”,实例分析,比较：advertiseforsth.(sb.)登广告征求或寻找某物或某人(此时advertise不及物)advertisesth.为登广告，登广告宣传(此时advertise是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语),e.g.Peopleadvertisethingsthattheywishtosell.人们为要卖的东西登广告。Themanagerwantstoadvertiseforanewsecretary.经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。再比较以下用例：advertisejobs登广告招人advertiseforjobs登广告求职,2.Nomatterhowmuchyouvelearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon【陷阱】容易误选B，即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”，将其中的“为”译为for。,【分析】答案选A，serve意为“为服务”，可直接用作及物动词，其后不能按汉语意思误加介词for。,请看以下类似例子：(1)I_youyesterday,butyouwerentin.rangB.rangtoC.rangwithD.rangto答案选A，ring可以用作及物动词，表示“给打电话”，故其后不用介词。,(2)Neitherofherparentswantedherto_hercousin.A.marryB.marrytoC.marrywithD.marryfor答案选A，marry可用作及物或不及物动词，用作及物动词时它的意思“与结婚”，后接宾语，无需用介词to,with等。marrysbget/bemarriedtosb,(3)HowcanI_you,Mr.Green?A.contactB.contactwithC.contacttoD.contactfor答案选A，contact为及物动词，表示“与联系”，其后不接介词。,.,1.checked(vt.)2.bought(vt.)3.sitting(vi.)4.see(vt.)5.talked(vi.)6.turned(vi.)7.hurts(vi.)8.suffering(vt.)9.thought(vt.)10.smiled(vi.),KeysforPartA,.,1.aanswerbanswerfor2.abenefitedbbenefitfrom3.adecidedbdecidedagainst4.apaidbpayfor5.aadjusttobadjusted,KeysforPartB,.,真题点击,1.Thepupil_hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_toanswertheteachersquestion.A.roseriseB.raisedriseC.roseraiseD.raisedraise,.,解析：raise是及物动词，意思是“举起，提高”，还可以表示“喂养家畜、家禽、照料农作物的生长、养家”等ra