过去分词（1）

Grammar,动词的-ed形式,I.基本形式和意义,动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成-ed分词短语.动词-ed形式的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。,II.动词-ed形式在句法功能,1.作表语,1.1动词-ed形式表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。,Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedsatisfiedwithmywork.,（1）完全形容化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。,（2）有的动词-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。,（3）其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed形式，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily-populated等。,1.2动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句,Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.Imsatisfiedthatyoudidnttellmealie.,1.3“be+动词-ed形式”有可能是一个系表结构，也有可能是一个被动结构。,Whyistheglassbroken?Bywhomwastheglassbroken?,(系表结构）,(被动结构),Itiscoveredwiththickiceanddeepsnow.Yourtableshouldbecoveredbyawhitecloth.,(系表结构）,(被动结构),1.4动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语的区别,Travelingisinterestingbuttiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。Theywereveryexcitedatthenews听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。,凡表示主语“令人的”都用-ing形式，凡是表示主语“感到”时都用-ed形式。,Multiplechoice:,1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot_frommyfriends.SeparateB.sparedC.lostD.missed2.Thebusinessofon-lineshoppingsofarhasbeen_forthesellerswhoarealreadyofferingtheirservices.A.disappointedB.disappointingC.disappointD.tobedisappointed3.-Shallwegoswimming?-OK.Illjustgoandget_.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changing,B,A,A,2.作定语,2.1.单个动词-ed形式作定语,通常位于名词之前,a.及物动词的动词-ed形式，具有被动和完成的意义。,abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedvisitortheexcitedcrowd,b.不及物动词的动词-ed形式，具有主动和完成意义。,agrownwomanaretiredofficertherisensunfallenleaves,c.合成的动词-ed形式,amuch-neededreformwidely-heldopinions,2.2.动词-ed形式的短语作定语：通常位于名词之后,其作用相当于定语从句。,aletterwritteninpencilthetreereflectedinthelakethemachinesproducedlastyear,=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil,=thetreethatwasreflectedinthelake,=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear,2.3动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作定语的区别,动词的-ing形式表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或主动关系，以及表示事物的属性、用途等；动词的-ed形式表示与所修饰的名词相关的已完成的动作或被动关系。,thechangingworldthechangedworld,（正在变化的）,（变化了的）,boilingwater,boiledwater,（正在沸腾的),（已经沸腾过的）,fadingflowersfadedflowers,(正在凋谢的),（已经凋谢的）,adevelopingcountry,adevelopedcountry,(发展中的),（发达的）,Translationwork:,另人恐怖的场景受了惊吓的马令人失望的孩子感到失望的孩子,afrighteningsightafrightenedhorseadisappointingchildadisappointedchild,Completethefollowingsentences:,Doyouknowtheman_(跟我们数学老师谈话的）？Ilostthepen_(我叔叔买的）。,talkingtoourmathsteacher,boughtbymyuncle,3.1.在感观动词feel,hear和see之后，如：,Iheardmynamecalled.Hefelthimselfcheated.Isawhiseyesfixedonmeincuriosity.,3.作宾语补足语,3.2.在表示“希望，愿望，命令,忍受”这一类动词后面做宾语补足语，这类动词有：cantbear,hate,like,love,need,prefer,want,wish等，如：,Heneedshiscoatmended.Katewouldlikeherroompaintedwhite.Iprefereggsboiledhard.Wewishyourworkfinishedquickly.Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.,3.3.在有些表示状态的动词后，这类词有：keep,leave,show等，如：,Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.Dontleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.,3.4.在使役动词have后，通常有两方面的含义：,1)表示让某人做某事。Ihavehadmybikerepaired.我已经找人修好了自行车。2)表示遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击等。Myeldersisterhadherwalletstolenlastmonth.上个月我姐姐的钱包被偷了.,3.5.用在make之后，在这种结构中，动词的-ed形式的动词,表示目的或结果。,Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。Theymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstood.他们设法使别人明白了他们的意思。Youmustmadeyourviewsknowntoeverybody.你要向大家说明你的观点。,3.6.动词的ed形式与-ing形式作宾语补足语的区别：,1）在see,hear,watch,notice等感官动词后作宾补时，-ing形式表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为部分过程；动词的-ed形式则表示其与宾语之间为被动关系或有该动作已完成的概念。例如：Weheardhersingingthissongwhenwegotthere.我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。Weoftenhearthissongsungbyher.我们经常听见她唱这首歌。(歌是被唱),2)用在have,get,leave等动词后作宾补时，动词的-ing形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。,Wetriedourbest,butstillcouldntgetthemachinerunning.(强调启动，进入工作状态)Thefarmersgottheplantingdonebeforetherainscame.(被动，已完成),3)用在with复合结构中,动词的-ing形式表示主动关系，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。,Withtheboyleadingustheway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingherhouse.(主动关系，lead为男孩的动作),Withhomeworkdone，Jimwentouttoplayfootball.(被动关系，作业是被做),Multiplechoice:,Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.(NMET2003)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked2.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(1999NMET)AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout3.Ifyouwant_immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdone,B,C,B,4.1.作时间状语,Toldofhismothersaccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.,4.2.作原因状语,Caughtintherain,hehadafever.,4.作状语,InspiredbyOprahWinfery,shebecameconfident.,4.3.作条件状语,Givenmoretime,Illbeabletodoitbetter.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.,4.4.作让步状语,Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Evenifgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotsucceed.,4.5.作方式状语,Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured.,4.6.作伴随状语,Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.,4.7.动词的ed形式与-ing形式作状语的区别：,动词的-ing形式做状语与动词的-ed形式做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。,Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.,Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.,Multiplechoice:,1.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman_anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.fixB.tofixC.tobefixedD.fixed2.Youwillseethisproduct_whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising3._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(NMET2004湖北)A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared,A,B,D,4._bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(2004