高考英语复习知识点汇总4

高考英语复习知识点汇总（4）121.combine; connect; join; unite此组动词意为“联合、连接”。combine意为“结合、联合”，指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起。如：We must combine theory with practice.我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物学和化学联系起来了。connect“连接”，指用东西把两事物连接在一起，或两事物直接相连，二者仍保持原状。The two cities are connected by a railway. 两座城市由铁路相连。He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤气和接在煤气炉上。join意为“连接”，指以线、绳、桥等把两物或两地连接在一起，和connect意思相近，也可指两物互相紧密相接。如：We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我们最好建一座钢筋桥把这个岛与大陆连接起来。Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?这条河和长江在哪里会合？unite意为“联合”，指两种以上的事物结合为一体，有合二为一的意味，强调结合后的统一性。The two companies will unite into one.这两家公司将合并成一家。The whole family united to help him.全家齐心协力帮助他。122.come about: happen 产生；发生。相当于不及物动词，和happen, take place一样无被动语态。How did this accident come about ?这事故怎么发生的？I dont know how the quarrel came about.我不知道怎么发生的争吵。come across=meet with(meetby chance/accident)无意中碰到，找到，想到Perhaps I shall come across him somewhere in the park.也许我会在公园的某个地方遇到他。He came suddenly across an idea.他突然有了一个好主意。come down下来，流传下来，倒塌，没落，病倒，减价The song comes down to us from the 10th century.（流传下来）这首歌是从10世纪流传到我们这一代的。The roof of the house came down during the night.我听说计算机要降价。come outcome out是本单元需要掌握的一个重点词语，现在我们对它们的用法作一比较全面的了解。(1)come out(= be published)出来；出版Ill let you have a copy of my book as soon as it comes out.我的书一出版我就送你一本。(2)come out (= to bloom)长出；发芽；开花；（使）开花；（使）繁盛Spring comes, the trees turn green and flowers come out.春天来了，树变绿了，花儿开了。(3)come out (= to appear)出现；出来Ever since then, the bat comes out only at night.从那时起，蝙幅只在晚上出来。(4)come out(= to win)获得（名次）I came out first in the examination.我考试得了第一名。(5)come out(= to become known)传出，公之于众；（秘密）泄露The truth will come out some day.总有一天会真相大白的。(6)come out (= to be seen, as in a photograph)（在相片等中）显示；被看见Mary always comes out well in photos.玛丽总是很上相。(7)come out (= to be developed)冲印；冲洗The boss said that the photos had been come out for a long time.老板说照片已经冲印出来很久了。(8)come out (= to be removed; disappear)去掉；消失Would you please help me to make the ink in my shirt come out?你能帮我把衬衣上的墨水渍去掉吗？(9)come out (to be on strike; to refuse to work)罢工The workers came out for a pay raise.工人们为增加工资而罢工。(10)come out (= to end in the stated way)后来发现；结果是The answer to the question came out wrong.这个问题的答案后来发现是错误的。(11)come out (= to express clearly)(意思)表达清楚The meaning of his speech did not come out well.他讲话的意思不很清楚。(12)come out (= to be counted)算出来；总计The total expense（花费）comes out at 5000 yuan.总开支达五千元。come to light 发现，暴露（= be discovered / exposed /found out / be brought to light）Much more new evidence has come to light(has been discovered/has been exposed/has been brought to light),so the judges have to sentence the man to death.新的证据不断被发现，所以法官们不得不判这个人死刑。When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.老太婆死后，人们才发现她其实很富有。123.common adj.共同的；一般的；公共的A great interest in music was common to them.他们对音乐都有共同的强列的兴趣。The common people in those days suffered a lot.当时一般民众生活都很苦。We work for the common good.我们为了公共利益而工作。common ,ordinary二者都有“普通的，平常的”的意思，但侧重点不同。ordinary侧重表示“外表平凡，平平常常”；而common指“普遍存在，经常碰到”。对比：in ordinary dress穿着平常的衣服；in an ordinary way以通常的方式；an ordinary looking man相貌平常的人；an ordinary event平常的一件事；common excuse常用的借口；common knowledge常识；common people普通人，老百姓；have a bathroom in common合用洗澡间。应用完成句子那是一首普通的舞曲。It was a piece of_dance music.这种天气在南方是很常见的。This sort of weather is quite _in the south.这弟兄两个没有什么共同之处。These two brothers have nothing _ _.Key:ordinary common in municate v. （1）vt.传达，传送，传染communicate information/feelings/newsto sb.把信息、感情、消息传递/传达给某人Ill communicate the news to you directly. 我会直接把消息传达给你。(2)vi.通讯，通话communicate with sb.(by)用与某人联络/沟通We communicate with each other by telephone/letter. 我们用电话/信件彼此沟通。拓展：communication n.u通讯c消息pl.通讯系统Radio and television are important means of communication. 收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要工具。Communications satellite helps the human a lot in many ways . 通讯卫星在很多方面对人类有很大的帮助。125.complete, finish二个词都有“完成”之意，但complete更突出使一切完备、没有欠缺、多指完成工程、设计等。而finish是一般用语。常用短语有：complete the work完成工作；complete the new railway 修完铁路；complete ones collection of stamps完备集邮；finish ones homework/middle school/writing the article 完成作业/中学毕业/写完文章。注意：complete还可用作形容词，意为“完全的，彻底的、完成了的”。completely 是副词，“完全地、彻底地”。如：a complete sentence/strange/success/failure完整的句子/完全陌生/完全成功/彻底的失败。This job is completely new to me.这项工作对我来说是完全陌生的。应用单句改错You have to finish to read the whole passage in five minutes.Professor Smith has been complete successful in working out the problem.Key:改to read为reading,因为finish后只能接动名词。改complete为completely。126.congratulate v. 祝贺，庆贺常用短语：congratulate sb. on / upon sth. / doing sth.为某事向某人祝贺congratulate oneself that因而自己庆幸congratulations常用于祝贺语，后可接on，也可单独用。Id like to congratulate you on your success.对你的成功我表示祝贺。Id like to offer my congratulations on your success. 对你的成功我表示祝贺。You really should congratulate yourself on your appearance. (= You really should congratulate that you are so handsome.) 你真该为自己的外表而庆幸。对比：celebrate sth.庆贺某事Well celebrate the New Year with a dance party. 我们将举行跳舞晚会以庆贺新年。拓展：in celebration of 庆祝 hold a celebration举行庆祝（会）congratulate, congratulationscongratulate是动词，作“祝贺、庆祝”解时，必须以被祝贺的人作宾语，构成：congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth.表示“祝贺某人”。另外：congratulate oneself表示“庆幸，感到幸运”。如：We congratulated him on his success/his having succeeded.我们祝贺他的成功。I congratulated myself on having escaped unhurt.我因自己幸免于难而感到幸运。congratulation是名词，多用作复数形式。注意下列用法：Congratulations!（单独使用）祝贺你！Congratulations on your success对你的成功我表示祝贺。Congratulations to everybody!祝贺大家！Please accept my congratulations on your birthday.请接受我对你的生日祝贺。应用选择正确答案We offered him our congratulations him passing the college entrance exams.(MET93)A. at B. on C. for D. of127.connect连接，把联系起来(1)vt. The road connects London and Edinburgh.这条路把伦敦和爱丁堡连在一起。The two cities are connected by a canal.这两座城市由运河连在一起。A good student must connect what he reads with and what he sees around him.一个好学生必须把他所读的与所见的联系起来。(2)be connected with与有关系；与有亲戚关系She is connected with the Smiths.她与史密斯家有亲戚关系。对比：jointoEvery family is joined to the world by Internet.每个家庭由网络与世界联系在一起。connect vt.; vi.连接；联系。He connected the two speakers to (with)the recorder.他把两个喇叭同录音机相连。Many people connect China with the Great Wall.许多人把中国与长城联系在一起。128.consider用法小结consider是个很常用的动词，其意义不同，句型结构也不同。我们在学习中要特别注意。（1）作“仔细考虑、深思熟虑”解，consider可作不及物动词或及物动词。作及动词时，后可接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式，相当于宾语从句。例如：Consider carefully before you decide.你要慎重考虑后再做决定。They considered your suggestion.他们仔细考虑了你的建议。He is considering studying abroad.他在考虑出国留学。We are considering how to help them.我们在考虑如何帮助他们。（2）作“将视为、认为、以为”解。可用consider+名词+（to be）名词（形容词）或consider+名词+as+名词（形容词）结构，但当不定式为行为动词时，不能省略，不可用于进行时。这样用时相当于that引导宾语从句。例如：He considers himself(to be)clever(=as clever).=He considers that he is clever.他认为自己很聪明。I consider him(to be)my closest friend(as my closest friend).=I consider(that)he is my closest friend.我把他视为我最亲密的朋友。He is considered to have invented the first computer.他被认为是最早发明计算机的人。还可用于consider+it(形式宾语)+形容词+不定式结构。例如：I consider it wrong for students to smoke.我认为学生抽烟是不对的。consider的用法：You should consider the question.你应该考虑这个问题。跟从句He began to consider when he would get married他开始考虑什么时侯结婚的事情。跟疑问词 +to do sth.He is considering how to get there in time.他正想怎么能及时赶到那儿。跟动名词Who considers answering the question?谁正在考虑回答这个问题？为着想He always considers others before himself他常先为别人着想。名词为：consideration(不可数)take sth. into consideration把考虑在内If you want to go on holidays in Beijing,you should take the cost into consideration.如果想到北京去度假，你应该考虑费用问题。129.content(1)n.内容；目录He always reads the contents of a book first of all.他读书总是先从目录看起。（2）adj.满足的；甘心的Are you content with your work?你对你的工作满意吗？（3）vt.使（某人）满足。The little boy contented himself with a new toy.那男孩有了新玩具就满足了。130.continue v.继续They rain continued for three days.雨连续了3天。They continued their game after lunch.他们午饭后继续比赛。He continued writing /to write late into the night.他继续写作到深夜。The weather continued cold.天气持续寒冷。cover盖上；掩盖；占据（时间）（空间），走过（路程）；采访。My mother covered the baby with a blanket.She tried to cover the fact that she had been to the place.Im covering the accident.131.create; invent; discover三者含义相近，但用法不同：（1）create“创造、创作”，指产生出新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的，如艺术、文学作品中的人物及新的科学领域等。例如：Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亚创造了许多有名的人物。（2）invent“发明”，指创造出原来自然界不存在的东西，如工具、方法、手段、灯泡、汽车、电视、合成材料等。例如：who invented the telephone?谁发明了电话？He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种的教学方法。（3）discover指“发现或找到”某种自然界本来已存在，但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，如发现元素、电、煤、石油、铁等矿藏以及新星、星系或科学真理等。例如：I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer.我在抽屉里发现了一封未拆的信。132.crowdcrowd 可用作名词，表示“人群，群”；用作动词，表示“群集，拥挤”。如:a crowd of children一群孩子；crowds of books 成堆的书；a cheering crowd 欢呼的人群；crowd into 挤进；crowd in 拥入；crowd round围在的周围；a crowded city/train拥挤的城市/火车；be crowded with 挤满、塞满应用汉译英很多村民从大门拥入，院子里很挤。大厅里挤满了学生。Key:Many villagers crowded in through the gate and the yard was crowded.The hall was crowded with students.133.cut短语归纳1）用作动词：get ones hair cut理发；cut a loaf of bread in two 把一块面包一切为二；cut a figure in stone 雕刻石像；cut the price 降价；cut the article 删节文章；cut down trees 伐树；cut down on smoking减少吸烟；cut in 插嘴，插入，cut in with a few words插嘴讲几句话；cut off a corner切掉一角；cut off electricity切断电源；cut off three sentences删去三个句子；cut out切掉，删掉;cut out the last part of the play把剧本的最后一部分删掉；cutopen切开。2) 用作名词：the cuts on ones arms 臂上的伤口：make big cuts削减，降价应用介、副词填空Big cuts have been made_the prices of medicine.The strong wind cut_the electricity of the whole city.The chairman spoke so fast that nobody could cut_.All the trees were cut_.They will have to answer for their foolish actionKey:in off in down134.date back to / date from追溯到（某个时期），起始于（某个时期），从时候就存在The tower dates back to 1173.这座塔起始于1173年。The old church dates from the first century A.d.这座古老的教堂起始于公元1世纪。My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.从学生时代起，我对集邮就开始感兴趣。135.day by day一天天地day after day日复一日，一天又一天Day by day he seems to grow a little stronger.I have to do this work day after day.136.deal with,do with1)二者都可表示“对付，应付，处理，安排”，但deal是不及物动词，可与how连用；而do是及物动词，只与what连用表示上述意义，不能单独使用。对比：We dont know what to do with the waste materials./We dont know how to deal with the waste materials.我们不知道怎样处理这此废料。Whats the best way of dealing with thieves?对付小偷最好的办法是什么？（此句中的deal with不可替换成do with）2)deal with还可表示“论述，涉及到；与相处”等意义，而do with 无此用法。如：The books dealing with Asian problems sell well in colleges.论述亚洲问题的书在大学里很畅销。That man is easy to deal with.这个人容易相处。应用完成句子你是怎么处理这类事情的？_did you deal with matters of this sort?What did you _ _matters of this sort?我们要处理的棘手事太多了。There are too many difficulties for us to _ _.Key:How/ do,with deal, with137.delightto ones delight该词组意为“使某人高兴”，还可以表达为“to the delight of sb.”。能这样表达的还有to ones joy,to ones surprise,to ones sorrow等。如：To my shame, I completely forgot our date.138.demand当可数名词“要求”用We refused his unreasonable demands.我们拒绝了他的无理要求。当不可数名词用There is a great demand for typists but(a)poor demand for clerks.打字员很抢手但是办公室职员几乎没人需要。当动词用：demand+名词、代词、从句或to do sth.如：They demanded the right to do things they like.他们要求有做自己喜欢做的事情的权力。The lady demanded to see our headmaster.那个女士要求见校长。He demanded that we (should)try to finish our work on time.他要求我们按时完工。宾语从句用虚拟语气形式，主+should+动原demand问“How old are you?”he demanded.他问我“你多大啦？”139.depend on(=rely on)依靠；依赖；以而定；取决于。如：Whether you will succeed or not depends on how hard youwork.你是否成功得看你努力的程度。I dont want to depend on my parents any longer.我不想再依赖父母了。destroy t.毁坏；破坏；毁灭。Dont destroy the box .It may be useful.不要弄坏这个盒子，可能还有用。The whole building was badly desdtroyed by the fire.整幢楼房都被大火严重烧毁了。140.determine v.（1）决心、决定，其后可接动词不定式、从句或on引导的短语。如：We determined to get the work done before October 1.我们决定在“十一”之前完成这项工作。She determined to go that very afternoon.Have you determined where youre going to spend the summer vocaion?你决定在哪儿过暑假了吗？They determined on an early start.他们决定早动身。He has determined on going home next week.他决定下周回家。（2）使决意，后接不定式或介词短语作宾补。如：What determined you to accept the invitation?什么原因使你接受这个请帖？The situation determined him against further delay.形势使他决定不再拖延。（3）be determined(to do sth.)下定决心；有决心，后接不定式或从句。如：He was determined to study English well.他下决心把英语学好。I was determined not to follow their advice.We were determined that we should never allow such things to happen again.我们决定绝不允许这类事情再次发生。（注意从句运动用should + 动词原形）determine to do sth.决定（心）做I left him,determined never to set foot in that house again.141.devoteto把献给，把用在devote oneself to致力于，献身于be devoted to专心致志于，献身于，忠于Mary devotes too much time to eating.He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.He devoted himself entirely to music.He was still devoted to the study of chemistry.He is very devoted to his wife.die out 熄灭；绝种；逐渐消失。如：The fire died out .火灭了。That talkative mans voice died out.那个健谈的人的声音渐渐地听不见了。142.the + 形容词（分词）表示一类人的用法。常见的短语有：the old(young; rich; poor; learned; living).如：The living should carry out what the dead unfinished.活着的人（后人）应该把前人未竞事业进行到底。143.no more than(=noly)仅仅，不过。两者都不。如：What can I do, Im no more than a citizen.我能怎么样，我只不过是个平民百姓。Tom is no cleverer than Jack.汤姆和杰克都不聪明。但是：not more than 表示A 不如B（）或不超过。如；My English is not better than yours.我的英语不如你的好。I think you are not more than twenty years old.我想你不满二十岁吧。144.diet; food两者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般用语。凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都可称food.例如：The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world。中国的饮食被认是世界上最健康的饮食。Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。He is on a special diet to lose weight.他服用特别饮食以减肥。The doctor put him on a liquid diet after operation.手术之后医生规定他吃流食。They eat different kinds of food which change into energy.他们吃的各种各样的食物都转化成能量。His food includes eggs, vegetables, fruit and some soft drinks.他的食物包括鸡蛋、蔬菜、水果和一些软饮料。145.dip into 蘸进；随便翻阅；稍稍研究I havent read that book properly. Ive only dipped into it.我没有好好读那本书，仅随便翻阅一下。Ive only dipped into politics.我对政治研究不深。146.discoverdiscover sth.发现某物；discover oneself暴露自己的身份；discover sb. doing sth.发现某人在做某事;discover sb./sth.to be发现某人（物）；discover + that 从句发现常用搭配：discover ones mistake/an island/the truth发现自己的错误/一座岛/事实的真相应用完成句子我们发现他是一位出色的舞蹈家。We _her _ _ a good dancer./We _ that_ _a good dancer.有人发现她在偷东西。Someone _ _ _ things./Someone discovered that_ _stealing things.Key:discovered，to, be/discovered, she, was discovered,her,stealing/she,was147.distance n.距离；远处When they finish their talk, the two may be quite a distance from the place where they were standing.当谈话结束时，两个人离他们原来站的地方可能有相当一段距离了。The waterfall can be heard at a distance of two miles.在两英里外就能听到这瀑布声。Hills are blue in the distance.远处的山呈蓝色。The lion looks dangerous, so I decide to keep a distance away from it.狮子看起来很危险，所以我决定离它远点儿。Whats the distance between Beijing and Shanghai?北京到上海之间的距离是多少？148.disturb,interruptdisturb有“打扰，扰乱，使（人）心神不宁”之意。如：disturb the sleeping child/ones plan/the piblic peace 打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响；be disturbed about 对感到不妥。对比：interrupt 有“打断，打扰”之意，侧重打断。如：Dont interrupt me while Im busy.我忙的时候不要打扰我。应用完成句子她获悉母亲得急病后感到心神不安。She was_ _ her mothers sudden illness./Shewas_ _hear of her mothers sudden illness./She was_ _ the news of her mothers sudden illness.不要打断那位演讲者，他讲完再问你的问题。Dont _ the speaker;ask your question after the meeting.Key:disturbed, about/disturbed,to/disturbed, by interrupt149.do all sb.can to do sth.:do what sb.can to do sth.尽某人的所能做某事all 后面为that 所引导的定语从句，that在从句中作宾语已被省略；can后面为避免重复省略了do;后面的to do sth.为不定式（短语）作目的状语。all(that)sb.can(do)相当于宾语从句what sb.can(do)。Ill do all I can to help you.我将尽力帮助你。He did all he could to improve his spoken English. 他尽了最大努力来提高英语口语水平。Do give her my regards.请一定代我她