声波测井仪器Acoustic Tools 5700ppt课件

.,声波仪器,.,PiezoelectricTransducers,.,PiezoelectricTransducers,T,R,T,.,SlownessMeasurement,T,R,A,C,B,TR,Dt=(A+B+C)/TR,.,SlownessMeasurement,T,A,C,B,R2,ReceiverSpacing,R1,E,D,AssumingC=E,.,ToolTiltorCaveBoundary,T,R2,R1,A,C,D,E,B,T,A,C,B,R2,R1,D,E,.,BoreholeCompensatedSlownessMeasurement,Dt1=,T1R2-T1R1ReceiverSpacing,Dt2=,T2R1-T2R2ReceiverSpacing,.,6”Dtfrom1Transmitter&4Receivers,T,R1,R2,R3,R4,T,R1,R2,R3,R4,T,R1,R2,R3,R4,T,R1,R2,R3,R4,T,R1,R2,R3,R4,SyntheticTransmitterArray,ReceiverArray,6”,.,6”Dtfrom1Transmitter&4Receivers,TransmitterDtDtTR2-DtTR1=DtR2R1DtTR3-DtTR2=DtR3R2DtTR4-DtTR3=DtR4R3TransmitterDt=,ReceiverDtDtTR2-DtTR1=DtR2R1DtTR3-DtTR2=DtR3R2DtTR4-DtTR3=DtR4R3ReceiverDt=,6”,.,Cancellation,.,Dipolevs.Monopole,.,Receivers-Dipolevs.Monopole,X1,X2,Y1,Y2,S,-+,YDipole,Monopole,-+,XDipole,R,.,CrossDipole-ShearWaveSplitting,.,DipoleinthePresenceofAzimuthalAnisotropy,.,声波仪器,.,Dipole声波,偶极技术可使我们在软地层中像在硬地层中一样测取地层的横波。由于受到井眼、地层物理特性的限制，单极声波测井仪只能在声波传播速度大于井眼流体传播速度的地层（即硬地层）中测取横波速度，但偶极横波成像仪克服了这一缺点，在软地层中同样可以测取横波速度。偶极横波成像仪把新一代的偶极技术与最新发展的单极技术结合在一起，从而提供了当今测量地层纵波、横波和斯通利波的最好方法它解决了慢速地层的横波测量问题,.,Dipole声波,使用偶极声源，这种声源是一种定向的压力源，由两个相位相反且耦合在一起的单极声源组成。这种压力源可使井壁产生小的弯曲，因而能在地层中激发弯曲波或挠曲波，它是一种频散现象很强的波，当频率很低时，其速度接近于横波速度，故可在软地层用来代替横波速度。,.,偶极声波测井仪使用了具有方向性的发射器和接收器。偶极发射器很像一个活塞，它使井眼一侧的压力增加，而使另一侧的压力减小，引起井壁出现小的扰动；这样就在地层中直接激发出纵波和横波,.,Dipole声波作用,测量结果除传统纵波的用途外，其它的关键应用如下：机械特性分析：在这方面的应用包括井眼稳定性分析、射孔稳定性分析或出砂分析以及压裂高度预测等；地层评价：应用包括气层探测、自然裂缝探测和评价，以及定量指示渗透率等；地球物理解释：应用包括合成地震道以及对AVO分析技术所输入的幅度数据进行刻度等；地层各向异性：把各向异性与来自岩石物理地质以及油藏工程等方面的数据结合在一起可以反应出某些特征的连通情况以及流体的流动路径等。,.,1667EA仪器特性,ToolDiameter.3.38in.(85.7mm)Make-upLength.7ft.9.8in(2.38m)Weight.136lbs(61.69kg)MaximumLoggingSpeed.60ft/min(18m/min)PowerRequirements:Logging.180ACat100maWirelineRequirements.WTSInstrumentBusTelemetryProtocol.WTST2Channel20.8kbits/sec(Toinstrument)T2Channel41.6kbits/sec(Tosurface)T5Channel93.75kbits/sec(Tosurfaceonly),.,1667EA电子线路作用,主要用于井下数据采集,是阵列声波仪器谣传接口(DAC,DAL,MAC)1667EA电子线路接到阵列声波声系的上部，控制声系信号的接收,.,1667EA电子线路作用,采集到的阵列声波仪器数据通过WTST5通道送到地面系统.Commands,Down-loadingandUp-loadingtables,etc.通过WTSM2通道采集服务表(subsets)是地面要求采集的那一种数据,.,1667EA电子线路作用,The4channel12bitA/DcardunderthecontroloftheCPUcardaccomplishesfullwaveformprocessingoffourreceiverssimultaneously.Duringanacquisitionsequence,themandrelissetuptoselectthetransmitter,receivers,andgainsbasedontheacquisitiontable.,.,1667EA电子线路方框图,.,1667EA电子线路数据采集,The1667EA采集数据依靠下载到仪器里的subset.每个subset包含了哪个数据要被采集，知道从哪里来的等参数.每个subset有一个或者多个subcycles,subcycle包括了选择那个发射探头发射、相应的接收探头接收每个subset对subcycle都有相关的采集参数.,.,1677EA8通道声波电子线路,.,1677EA8通道声波电子线路特性,Modes:Command.mode2ToolTables.mode2ToolStatus.mode2Data.MapabletoMode5orMode7SampleInterval:.2Samples/ft.RecommendedLoggingspeed:Recommendedfor1678MBSubset10.15ft/minRecommendedfor1678MBSubset6.28ft/min,.,1677EA8通道声波电子线路作用,1677EA8通道声波电子线路是WTS兼容仪器升级到能够同时采集到8个接收探头的全波列信号.主要用于井下数据采集,是阵列声波仪器谣传接口XMACII(XMACElite)、XMACII-F1.1677EA8通道声波电子线路兼容1680DAL和1678MAXMAC声波仪器，但是要经过一个45pinto32pin转换头子(P/N194754-000).1677EA8通道声波电子线路包含了电源，与地面进行通讯的WTS仪器总线.1677EA和地面系统接口符合WTS通讯特性.,.,1677EA8通道声波电子线路作用),XMACII仪器通过WTSMode5或者Mode7将数据传送到地面系统，那个通道选择通过OCT.commands,downloadinganduploadingtables,etc通过WTSMode2进行.对于给定的subset的仪器控制表，表明地面系统要求采集多少数据,.,1677EA8通道声波电子线路作用,The1677EA有2个4通道digitalsignalprocessor(DSP)采集板.每个DSP采集板有4到16位A/D模数转换器和低噪声前置放大器.CPU板控制地面和DSP采集板的通讯，以及声系的设置.声系被设置主要依靠采集服务表：设置探头发射、接收以及增益控制声系设置主要通过与声系连接的串口通讯,.,1677EA8通道声波电子线路方框图,.,DAC,TheDigitalArrayAcoustilogconsistsoffivemajorcomponents1667EAAcousticElectronicsCartridge,1670MAAcousticReceiver,1670PAAcousticIsolator,1670BAAcousticTransmitterandthe1670FATransmitterElectronics.,.,1680DAL数字声波DigitalAcoustilog,.,DAL1680MA电子线路特性,1680MAMandrelDiameter.3.38in.(85.9mm)1680MAMandrelLength.12ft.-9.1in.(3.89m)1680MAMandrelWeight.200lbs(91Kg)LoggingSpeed.60ft/min(18m/min)max.AbsoluteAccuracy.+/-.5microsecondsRepeatability.+/-1%VerticalResolution.0.5ft(15.24cm)BasicmeasurementPowerRequirementsLogging.180VACat120maTensileStrength.17,000lbsCompressionalStrength.4,000lbs,.,介绍Introduction,主要作用是测量纵波的时差Dt.由于计算机技术的发展，能够提供高质量的时差Dt仪器在尺寸大小上设计的更小1680MA是WTS数字声波探头：可以发射、接收和传送信号到电子线路,.,1680MA发射/接收电子线路,发射/接收电子线路在探头上部，由采集控制和信号恢复接收组成1667EA或者1677EA通过串行线控制发射/接收电子线路1680MA的增益、接收多路选择、发射探头的选择.,.,1680MA发射/接收声系,声系部分包括4个压电晶体接收探头，4个压电晶体之间距里是六英寸；2个压电晶体发射探头，2个压电晶体之间距里是2英尺.4个阵列放置的接收探头最靠近发射探头的距离是3英尺提供探头发射所需的大约2800volts高压脉冲.,.,1668MAC,.,1668BAMACTransmitterMandrel,.,1668BA发射声系,发射探头有2个单极子发射探头和两个偶极子发射探头以及四个高压脉冲变压器s.接收来自1668FA发射电子线路的发射脉冲，激发探头发出声波信号,.,XMAC,.,1678MAXMACReceiverMandrel,.,1678MAXMAC接收声系,.,1678MAXMAC接收声系,Combination.WTSCompatible,runwith1668MACSysteminplaceofthe1668MAReceivermandrel.VerticalResolutionSemblance.3ft.6in.(1.067m)Thresholddetection.6in.(152.4mm)MinimumT-RSpacingMonopole.8ft.6.0in.(2.591m)Dipole.9ft.3.0in.(2.819m)TransducerTypeType.FourorthogonalpiezoelectricelementsBandwidth.0.5-30kHzNumber.8Spacing.6.0in.(152.4mm),.,1678MAXMACReceiverMandrel,XMAC偶极子接收探头可以同时接收两个方向的信号,.,1678MAXMACReceiverMandrel,TheXMAC是WTS仪器heXMAC接收声系必须与1667EA声波电子线路，和MAC仪器其他3个组成部分：1668PA隔声体1668BA发射声系1668FA发射电子线路.,.,.,Introduction,TheXMACII四部分组成：接收声系：1678MB声波隔声体：1678PA发射声系：1678BA发射电子线路：1678FATheXMACII工作在1677EA8通道声波电子线路和3514WTSCommonRemote.,.,Introduction,TheXMACII集成了普通的单极子探头和四分体探头以及一个偶极子探头.,.,1678FAXMACII发射电子线路,.,1678FAXMACII发射电子线路,The1678FA在1677EA电子线路控制下，发出发射脉冲进入1678BA发射声系的高压脉冲变压器激发发射探头发射器的工作情况由1677EA发出的串行线控制.,.,1678BAXMACII发射声系,.,探头,MonopoleTransmittersType.PairofpiezoelectriccylinderBandwidth.1.0-20.0kHzNumber.2Spacing.42.0in.(106.7cm)DipoleTransmittersType.Pairoforthogonalpiezoelectricbender-barsBandwidth.0.5-5.0kHzNumber.2Spacing.SameDepth:0.0in.(0.0cm),.,1678BAXMACII发射声系,发射声系有1个普通的单极子探头和1个四分体探头以及一个偶极子探头；还有四个发射高压脉冲变压器接收来自1678FA发射电子线路的发射脉冲，激发探头发出声波信号（纵波和横波等),.,1678BAXMACII发射声系,发射探头里面有充满硅油的平衡胶管，上有调节方位的头子，可以调整发射声系和接收声系的正确位置,.,1678PAXMACII声波隔声体,.,1678PAXMACII声波隔声体,消除沿着仪器传播的直达波这个设置包含了专利1678XMACII测井时候必须放到接收声系和发射声系之间,.,NOTE,声波隔声体容易弯曲，如果不正确使用，弯曲得压缩力量超出其压缩力，将损坏仪器,.,1678MBXMACII接收声系,.,1678MBXMACII接收声系,MinimumT-RSpacingMonopole:8.50ft.(2.59m)Dipole:10.25ft.(2.82m)TransducerTypeType:FourorthogonalpiezoelectricelementsBandwidth:0.5-30kHzNumber:8Spacing:6.0in.(15.2cm),.,1678MBXMACII接收声系,The1678MBXMACII(alsoknownastheXMACEliteSM)接收声系接收全波列单极子偶极子、交叉偶极子的仪器.,.,1678MBXMACIIBriefDescription,TheXMACIIReceiverMandrelisthesecondgenerationacousticloggingtoolsfortheMACsystem.ThisnewdesignrepresentsasignificantimprovementoverthestandardMACReceiverinunconsolidatedformations(Dts350msec/ft.)wheretheMAChashaddifficulties.Themandrelisconfiguredwithanarrayofeight(8)receivers,eachcapableoftruefourcomponentcrossdipoleacquisition.,.,1678MBXMACIIBriefDescription,TheXMACIIReceiverMandrelis能够采集8个单极子全波列、8个偶极子全波列、8个交叉偶极子全波列数据.采集纵波时差.低频的斯通利波用于渗透率计算,.,1678MBXMACIIReceiverMandrel,The1678MBXMACIIReceiverMandrelintegratesamonopoleacousticreceiverarraywithatwoaxisdipoleacousticarray.Thereceiverarraycontainseight(8)multipolepiezoelectrictransducersona6inchspacing.Themonopoletransducersareformedbysummingfourpiezoelectricelements,producingabroadbandresponsefrom200-20kHz.Thedipoletransducersareapairofdifferencedpiezoelectricelementsthatarealignedonthesamedepth.,.,Benefits/Advantages,TheXMAC/XMACIIReceiverprovidesthefollowinguniquefeatures:Anarrayof8acousticallyisolatedreceiversonasix(6)inchspacing,whichproduceslinearmoveoutsinallformations.In-lineandcross-lineshearreceiversatsamedepth,theoptimumconfigurationforcrossdipoleacquisition.Themonopoleanddipolemeasurementatsamelocationonmandrel.Slownessmeasurementscanbeconfidentlyacquiredinveryslow,unconsolidatedformations,300-1000msec/ft.,.,1678BAXMACIITransmitterMandrel,CombinationWTSCompatible,runwith1678MAXMACand1668MACSysteminplaceofthe1668BAMACTransmitterMandrel.MinimumT-RSpacingMonopole.8.50ft.(2.59m)Dipole.10.25ft.(3.11m),.,1677仪器升级,SUBJECTUpdate1677EACPUandDSPfirmwaretoaddrealtimedatacompressionofthewaveformswithoutanyappreciablelossofwaveformintegrity.Thiswilldecreasethedatablockbyapproximately1/2andincreaseloggingspeedbyapproximately2X.Oncethisisupdatedthetool(service)willbecalledXMAC-F1.,.,1677仪器升级,PURPOSEUpdateall1677EAstoCPUfirmwareversion3.0andDSPfirmwareversion2.0.TheCPUandDSPfirmware(locatedinflashmemory)willbeupdatedusingaCPUbinaryfile(a7000207fw300.bin)andDSPbinaryfile(a7000210fw200.bin)theECLIPSacquisitionsystem(a7000207fw300.binanda7000210fw200.binarelocatedin/cls2/miscdirectory).,.,1677仪器升级,IMPACTONYOUROPERATIONWillincreaseloggingspeedbyapproximately2XwhenrunningXMAC-F1Subset1(CompressedversionofSubset10)andSubset2(CompressedversionofSubset6).ExampleestimatedloggingspeedofSubset10is15fpmwithnewfirmwareestimatedloggingspeedofSubset1is30fpmwithastackofmonopole2anddipole2.,.,1677仪器升级,LaunchtheOCTj1677diag.Launchthe1677CPUFLASHLOADERCONTROLfromtheTOOLThefilefor1677EACPUfirmwareisa7000207fw300.binthefileforthe1677EADSPfirmwareisa7000210fw200.bin,.,