大学英语跨文化交流第一章ppt课件

.,大学英语跨文化交际,Chapter1Culture,.,Learningobjectives:,1.Understandthedefinitionsofculture.,2.Describethefunctionsandcharacteristicsofculture.,3.Summarizetheprocessoftheformationofculturalidentity.,ChapterOutline,Culture,Anthropological,Intercultural,Formation,Characteristics,Subculture,Co-culture,Subgroup,TheNatureofCulture,CulturalIdentity,Definition,Definitions,Learned,Dynamic,Pervasive,Sociological,Integrated,adaptive,CultureswithinCulture,Characteristics,Psychological,.,Lead-inActivity1:,Makealistofimagesfromyourhomecultureandtrytoexplainwhattheyexpressaboutwhothepeopleofyourcultureareandwhattheirrelationshipistopeoplefromothercultures.,whichimagedoyouprefer?Whichdoyouthinkaretheimagesthatmosttrulyexpresshowpeoplefeelaboutthemselvesandtheworld?,.,Thinkaboutthefollowingsimilesandmetaphors,howdoyouthinkcultureisrelatedtothereferences?1.Cultureislikeaniceberg.2.Cultureisoursoftware.3.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin.4.Cultureisthegrammarofourbehavior.,TheNatureofCulture,BehaviourTraditionsArtefactsbuildings,clothes,artetc.,Whatliesunderthesurface?,1.Thecultureiceberg,.,Whatliesunderthesurface?culturalbeliefs（e.g.howpeopleshouldbehave）culturalperceptions（e.g.whichpeoplearebeautiful）culturalattitudes（e.g.whichpeoplearemostimportantinsociety）culturalvalues（e.g.whatsimportantinlife）,?Whichthingsbelowthesurfaceinfluenceusmost?Howcanwebecomeawareofourowndeepculture?Howcanwerecognizeitinothers?,Canyoutellwhichofthefollowingareabovethewaterandwhicharebelow?,WhatandhowpeopleeatHowtokeephealthyHowtoraisechildrenHowtodobusinessHowtousetimeHowtointroducepeopleHowtoparticipateinceremoniesRulesforgesturesRulesforfacialexpressionsandeyecontactEtiquetteWorkspeedWhatisrightorwrong,beautifulorugly,cleanordirty,goodorbad,etc.,.,2.CultureIsOurSoftware,Whyisculturecomparedtothesoftwareofpeoplesmind?Citesomeexamplestoillustrateit.,Thesocietyaroundusisnotanentirelyobjectivereality,foreveryoneofushelpstoconstructourworld.Cultureisthesharedsetofmentalandpsychologicalprinciplesthatexistinpeopleminds.,.,3.CultureIsLiketheWateraFishSwimsIn,“Outofwater”=OutofContext,Asaschooledfish“Water”ismycultureOtherWatersorAirareotherculturalcontexts“Iwantmycontexttofeelcomfortable!”,.,4.CultureIstheGrammarofOurBehavior,Thecollectiveagreementgovernspeoplesbehaviorandgivespeopleguidelinesaboutwhatthingsmean,whatisimportant,andwhatshouldorshouldnotbedone.,.,DEFINITIONSOFCULTURE,AccordingtoTheConciseOxfordDictionary,cultureis“theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively”.,.,DEFINITIONSOFCULTURE,1.DefiningCulturefromtheAnthropologicalPerspective2.DefiningCulturefromthePsychologicalPerspective3.DefiningCulturefromtheSociologicalPerspective4.DefiningCulturefromtheInterculturalPerspective5.OurDefinitionofCulture,.,1.DefiningCulturefromtheAnthropologicalPerspective,“Cultureconsistsofpatterns,explicitandimplicit,ofandforbehavioracquiredandtransmittedbysymbols,constitutingthedistinctiveachievementofhumangroups,includingtheirembodiments(体现）inartifacts;theessentialcoreofcultureconsistsoftraditionalideasandespeciallytheirattachedvalues”.-KroeberandKluckhohn,.,2.DefiningCulturefromthePsychologicalPerspective,cultureisthecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother.-GeertHofstede,.,3.DefiningCulturefromtheSociologicalPerspective,Accordingtothesocialscientists:“Cultureisdefinedasapatternoflearned,group-relatedperceptionincludingbothverbalandnonverballanguageattitudes,values,beliefsystem,disbeliefsystems,andbehavior”.,.,Activity:KeywordsFindoutthekeywordssharedbythethreedefinitionsabove.Writethemdownandtrytomakeupyourowndefinitionofcultureaccordingtothekeywords.Keywords:,.,4.DefiningCulturefromtheInterculturalPerspective,“Cultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviorsandartifactsthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.”BatesandPlog,.,SYMBOLS,WHATDOTHEYREPRESENT?,.,AWAYOFOVERCOMINGMANSVULNERABILITY(弱点）ACQUIREDTHROUGHSOCIALIZATIONTHUS,MANISTHEPRODUCEROFCULTUREANDTHEPRODUCTOFCULTURE,CONCLUSION:CULTUREIS,.,Thevulnerabilityofhumanbeings,Cultureiswhatdistinguishhumansfromanimals.Humanbeingsdonothavebuilt-ininstinctsforsurvivalthatarebiologicallypredetermined.Butitisjustthisinbornweaknessthatmakesmanexceedanimalsinearninghimselfabetterlife.,.,BasicFunctionsofCulture,Culturemakesallthingseasy.-byprovidingmeaningtoevents,objectsandpeople-makinglifelessconfusing-byprovidinguswithstructure-theskillsandrulesnecessarytoadapttoourworld,Aculturecanalsobeunderstoodasaparticularwaytosatisfyourhumanneeds.LetsfollowAbrahamMaslow(1908-1970,Americanpsychologist)!,.,TheCharacteristicsofCulture,CaseStudyRichard,anengineerfromtheUnitedStates,wasinvitedtotaketeawithoneofhisBritishcolleagueswhilehewasinEngland.Thiswasapurelysocial,relaxedoccasion.Teawasservedalongwithsugarandcream.Ashehelpedhimselftosomesugarandcream,hesensedhehaddonesomethingwrong.Canyoutellwhatwentwrong?,“Helpyourself”VS.“Bemyguest”,ADAPTIVE,LEARNED,DYNAMIC,INTEGRATED,PERVASIVE,CULTUREIS,TheCharacteristicsofCulture,.,CultureisLearned,Welearnourcultureinmanywaysandfromavarietyofsources,eitherconsciouslyorunconsciously.Onewayisbymeansofproverbsthatofferinavividwayanimportantsetofinstructionsformemberstofollow.,ethnic,.,CultureisDynamic,Cultures,onceformed,arestable,butareatthesametimechangingwiththedevelopmentofhumansociety.Althoughmanyaspectsofculturearesubjecttochange,thedeepstructureofcultureresistsmajoralterations.,ethnic,.,CultureisIntegrated,Theelementsofculturearecloselylinkedasifinacomplexchainlikesystem.Youtouchacultureinoneplaceandeverythingelseisaffected.,ethnic,CaseStudySeveralmonthsagoIwasinabusinUrumqi.Ayoungman,whoseemedlikeacollegestudent,satseveralrowsaheadofme.HestaredatmesinceIgotonthebus.wepassedonebusstopafteranother.Suddenlyherosefromhisseat,cametositbymeandjuststartedaveryunpleasantconversationwithhisspeedyEnglish.“Doyouhaveawife?”“Howoldareyou?”“HaveyoueverbeenawayfromUrumqiforalongtime?whatembarrassedmewasnottheconversationatmosphere,orhislongstareatmewhilewittingsoclose,neitherweresomanyquestionswewesternerswouldneverask.Whatwasreallyembarrassingwashisfamiliaritywithmywhereabouts.Hehadobviouslybeenobservingmeforatleastoneyear,whichtrulymademyfleshcreep.Whydoyouthinktheyoungmanaskedtheforeignteachersuchquestions?Andwhywastheforeignerfrightened?,CulturalIdentity,.,CulturalIdentity,Culturalidentityreferstoonessenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorgroup.Peopleconsciouslyidentifythemselveswithagroupthathasasharedsystemofsymbolsandmeaningsaswellasnormsforconduct.,ethnic,ConsideringIdentity&ContextWhataremyCulturalInfluences?MyCulture,MyGroup,Me,.,JackyChen,ChinesefamousKongFumoviestar,expresseshisloyaltytoChineseculturebywearingChinesetraditionalclothesandadvocatingChineseculture.,.,CULTURE:ELEMENTS,Stage1,Materialorartifact,includingdresses,buildings,food,etc.,Stage2,Stage3,Institutiona