新概念2 第64课 课件PPT课件

NewConceptEnglish（Book2）(新概念英语)（第二册）,新概念二Lesson64,TheChannelTunnel海峡隧道,TheChannelTunnel-Theworldslongestunderseatunnel,WhatisUnderseatunnel?,Anunderseatunnelisatunnelwhichispartlyorwhollyconstructedunderabodyofwater.Advantages:Tunnelingwillgeneratesoilthathasbeenexcavatedekskvetidandthiscanbeusedtocreatenewland,aswasdonewiththesoiloftheChannelTunnel.Travellingthroughatunnelissignificantlyquickerandwontbeinfluenceduringadverseweather,TheChannelTunnelalsoreferredtoastheChunnelisa50.5-kilometreundersearailtunnellinkingFolkestoneintheUnitedKingdomwithCalaisinnorthernFrancebeneaththeEnglishChannelattheStraitofDover.,ProfileofTheChannelTunnel:,Atitslowestpoint,itis75metersdeep.At37.9kilometers,theChannelTunnelpossessesthelongestunderseaportionofanytunnelintheworld,althoughtheSeikanTunnelinJapanisbothlongeroverallat53.85kilometers,anddeeperat240metersbelowsealevel.,TheSeikanTunnel,TheChannelTunnel,Ideasforacross-Channelfixedlinkappearedasearlyas1802beganconstructionin1988andopenedin1994eventuallyclosedin2002forincident,TheBritishChannelTunnelGroupconsistedoftwobanksandfiveconstructioncompanies,whiletheirFrenchcounterparts.TheFrenchChannelTunnelGroupconsistedofthreebanksandfiveconstructioncompanies.Thedesignandconstructionwasdonebythetenconstructioncompanies.,Engineering：,Geologicalprofilealongthetunnelasconstructed:ThegeologygenerallyconsistsofnortheasterlydippingCretaceousstrata.Forthemajorityofitslengththetunnelboresthroughachalkmarlstratum.Successfultunnellingunderthechannelrequiredtheselectionofthebestrockstrata.,Typicaltunnelcrosssection:withaservicetunnelbetweentwinrailtunnels.Shownlinkingtherailtunnelsisapistonreliefduct,necessarytomanagepressurechangesduetothemovementoftrains,Construction：,PrecastsegmentalliningsinthemainTBMdriveswereused,butdifferentsolutionswereusedontheEnglishandFrenchsides.OntheFrenchside,neopreneandgroutsealedboltedliningsmadeofcastironorhigh-strengthreinforcedconcretewereused.OntheEnglishside,themainrequirementwasforspeedandboltingofcast-ironliningsegmentswasonlycarriedoutinareasofpoorgeology.,Backgroundinformation英吉利海峡隧道（TheChannelTunnel)又称英法海底隧道或欧洲隧道（Eurotunnel)，是一条把英国英伦三岛连接往欧洲法国的铁路隧道，于1994年5月6日开通。它由三条长51km的平行隧洞组成，总长度153km，其中海底段的隧洞长度为338km，是目前世界上最长的海底隧道。从1986年2月12日法、英两国签订关于隧道连接的坎特布利条约（TreatyofCanterbury)到1994年5月7日正式通车，历时8年多，耗资约100亿英镑（约150亿美元），也是世界上规模最大的利用私人资本建造的工程项目。隧道长度50千米，仅次于日本青函隧道。海底长度39千米。单程需35分钟。,.,ChannelTunnel,.,Length:560km(350miles)Width:34-240km(21-150miles)(ItsnarrowestpartisbetweenDoverinEnglandandCapeGris-Nez,nearGalasis,inFrance.)Depth:120-45meters(400-500feet)(1km=0.6214miles)(1meter=3.28feet),TheEnglishChannel,.,中文：英吉利海峡隧道英文：(TheEnglishChannelTunnel）昵称：Chunnel法文：letunnelsouslaManche又称：海峡隧道、英法海底隧道或欧洲隧道(EuroTunnel),.,Thetunnelconsistsofthreeinterconnectedtubes:onerailtrackeachwayplusoneservicetunnelItslengthis31milesofwhich23milesareunderwaterItsaveragedepthis150feetunderwater,.,新圣哥达St.Gotthard隧道(瑞士).57.6km(2012)布雷纳BasisBrenner隧道(奥意).55.6km(2022)青函海峡隧道(日本).53.85km(1988)里昂-都灵间Ambin隧道(法意).52.11km(2025)英吉利海峡隧道(英法).49.50km(1994),.,ChannelTunnelInauguration,OnMay6th,1994,FranceandBritainopenedaneweraintheirhistoryofconflict.TheFrenchPresidentandtheBritishQueencuttheribbonatthededicationceremonyfortheChunnel.,textIn1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.HesaidthatitwouldbepossibletobuildaplatforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.Thetunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.,Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.ItwasofficiallyopenedonMarch7,1994,finallyconnectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.,.,The17centuryplan,Newwordsandexpressions,Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语tunneln.隧道portn.港口ventilatev.通风chimneyn.烟囱sealevel海平面doubleadj.双的ventilationn.通风fearv.害怕invasionn.入侵，侵略officiallyadv.正式地connectv.连接Europeanadj.欧洲的continentn.大陆,tunneln隧道channel海峡/TheChannel:英吉利海峡portn港口airport航空港ventilatev通风air:airtheroom,please给房间通通风,chimneyn烟囱sealevel海平面doubleadj双的DINK:doubleincome,nokid.字母W的读音就是:“doubleu”意为两个u构成w.couple/pair两个acoupleofweeksapairofshoes/socks/glasses一副眼镜,ventilationn通风ForcedVentilation强制排风系统forcen.力量,武力,精力,魄力,势力,暴力,复军队,影响力vt.强制,强加,(用武力)夺取,促使,推动,施加压力forcedadj.被迫的,强迫的,动用武力的,fearv害怕fright/frighten/frightening/frightened/frightfulbeafraidof/fear是习惯性的/人做主语frighten/scare是因某件突然的事情才让你产生了害怕的情绪/句子后边的部分是人,sbfearsth:Ifeareddarkness./Ifeardogs.beafraidof:Iamafraidofdogs.beafraidthat:canyouhelpme?IamafraidIcant(恐怕)/Iamafraidnot.等同于Iamsorry.,sthfrightensb./sthscaresb:youfrightened/scaredme.Thedoyfrightenedme./thefilmscaredme.horrifyv.使恐怖,使极度厌恶,惊骇horrifiedadj.惊悸的,带有恐怖感的,惊骇的,invasionn入侵,侵略invadein5veidvt.侵略,侵袭,拥挤invadeinvasion/decidedecisionofficiallyadv正式地official(官方的正式)/formally(一般的正式)officeofficialconnectv连接connectsthwith/toconnectAwithB(A和B平等)/connectAtoB(A连到B上去),Europeanadj欧洲的continentn大陆EuropeanContinent:欧洲大陆,.,port,ventilate,Tunnel,chimney,double,sealevel,Fear,invasion,continent,connect,officially,Europe,chimneytimnin.烟囱,烟筒airchimney通风管,.,Words/phrases单词与词组,tunneln.隧道portn.港口ventilatev.通风chimneyn.烟囱sealevel海平面doubleadj.双的ventilationn.通风platformn.平台,fearv.害怕invasionn.入侵，侵略officiallyadv.正式地connectv.连接Europeanadj.欧洲的continentn.大陆possibleadj.可能的freshadj.新鲜的,.,Words/phrases单词与词组,n.隧道n.港口v.通风n.烟囱海平面adj.双的n.通风n.平台,v.害怕n.入侵，侵略adv.正式地v.连接adj.欧洲的n.大陆adj.可能的adj.新鲜的,.,Words/phrases单词与词组,n.圈子v.赞美，n.感觉;感官adj.亲密的prep.除了n.婚礼,n.招待会n.种类n.演讲v.包括n.成功adj.失望的,.,Words/phrases单词与词组,Frenchengineer法国工程师inthecentreof在的中心serveas用作railwaystation火车站well-ventilated通风好的,putforward提出solvetheproblem解决问题drawin抽进freshair新鲜空气connect.to/with把与连接起来,.,Words/phrases单词与词组,法国工程师在的中心用作火车站通风好的,提出解决问题抽进新鲜空气把与连接起来,Notesonthetext,In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海陕的隧道计划到了英国twenty-one-mile加连字符,用单数,是定语,HesaidthatitwouldbepossibletobuildaplatforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.serveas作为.来服务,起.作用Itwillserveasaswimmingpool.他说，可以在隧道中央建造一座平台，这座平台将用作码头和火车站。,Thetunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.Thetopofthehillis400metresabovesealevel.山顶的高度是海拔四百公尺。Itissituatedabovesealevel.它位于海平面以上。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管，隧道就具备了良好的通风条件。,In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。putforward(plan/suggestion)提出,Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.他提议建一条双轨隧道，这样就解决了通风问题。suggest有两个意思作为“暗示”意思时,用法与其他的词相同作为“建议”意思时,则为虚拟语气,后接动词是要用-ing形式,后接that从句采用一种固定的用法:should+动词原形,should可省略,insist用法作坚持用时同suggest文中:Hesuggestedthatadoublerailwaytunnelshouldbebuilt.Isuggested(that)he(should)gohome.(that,should都可省略)又如:HesuggestedthatIshouldgowithhim.他建议我一定要跟他去.HeinsistedthatIshouldstaytolunch.他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.,Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.因为如果有列火车开进隧道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道。drawin吸进如用bring没有drowin形象,贴切,Exercise练习Choosethecorrectwordsinthefollowingsentences:选择正确的词:1Weshallhavetodraw(in)(up)anewplan.2WhenIrecognizedwhohewasIdrew(back)(up)inhorror.3Thecardrew(back)(up)outsidethecinema.1drawup签署/2drawback倒退/3drawupstop:停止,停下来,Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了。,If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。atthetimetheBritish:英国人,虚拟语气(非真实条件句)1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：1IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）,2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+havedoneeg：1IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）,exercise,1Ifyouhadtoldmeaboutitearlier,I_(beable)tohelpyou.2Ifyou_(can/come)withus,wewouldhavebeenpleased.3You_(notmake)suchamistakeifyouhadbeenmorecareful.4Iffather_(be)alive,hewouldbehorrified.5Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,weshallgoforaswim.,1wouldhavebeenable2wouldhavedone跟过去事实相反,从句会使用haddonecouldhavedone,情态动词后面一旦加了havedone表示跟过去有关3wouldnothavemade4were:虚拟语气与现在事实相反,从句使用一般过去时,与一般现在时相反的be动词,用were代替ifIwereyou5is真实条件句,Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工。waitforwaitforfiveminutesIhavewaitedfiveminutes.(for可不要)Ihavewaitedforyouforfiveminutes.Ihavewaitedfiveyearsforyou.,ItwasofficiallyopenedonMarch7,1994,finallyconnectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。Connect.to.非谓语动词中的ing形式1、表示其与主语是主动的关系2、表示动作正在发生非谓语动词中的ed形式表示其与主语是被动的关系,.,一般过去将来时,一般过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。,.,肯定句：主语+was/weregoingto+V+其它主语+would(shouldwould)+V+其它,.,否定句：主语+was/werenotgoingto+V+其它主语+would（shouldwould）not+V+其它,.,疑问句：Be(Was，Were)+主语+goingto+V+其它Would(Shouldcould)+主语+V+其它,.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,.,在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气,.,条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,.,用法及动词形式,1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）,.,2、表示与过