高中英语国际音标ppt课件

.,英语音标概述,主讲人：顾伟,.,一英语国际音标概述,.,.,二英语元音,前元音/i:/：舌前端抬高，轻抵下齿，双唇扁平，口腔近于合，声带有滑动。/i/：舌中部轻轻上抬，舌尖抵下齿，舌位比/i:/稍低，稍后；口型扁平，比/i:/稍大，口开约三分之一，发音短促。/e/：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，牙床半合，上下齿间可容一食指，唇形稍扁，发音短促。/：舌尖抵下齿，舍身低平，发音时口要张大，口开约三分之二，上下齿间可容纳食指。,.,注意易混音标/i:/和/ei/，/e/和/ei/Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Willyoubesogoodastogivemealift?Afleaandaflyweretrapped/trpt/inaflue/flu:/,andtheytriedtofleefortheirlife.Thefleasaidtothefly“letsflea!”andtheflysaidtotheflea“letsfly!”finallyboththefleaandtheflymanagedtofleethroughaflaw/fl:/intheflue.,.,Eastorwest,homeisbest.Handsome/hnsm/isashandsomedoes.AhappyblackrabbitApleasantpeasantkeepsapleasantpheasant/feznt/andboththepeasantandthepheasantarehavingapleasanttimetogether.,.,中元音/：口腔打开，舌中部稍抬，唇形稍扁，发音短促。/:/：舌中部稍隆起，口开约二分之一，唇形扁，发长音。/：舌身平放，口腔肌肉放松，唇形自然张开，发短音。,.,Theearlybirdcatchestheworm/w:m/.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.Askunk/skk/satonastump/stmp/.Theskunkthoughtthestumpstunk/stk/,andthestumpthoughttheskunkstunk.,.,后元音/:/：口张大，舌身低平，舌后发音，发音时要中气十足，圆润饱满。/：口张大，舌身平放，双唇稍稍收圆，发音短促。/:/：舌根部隆起，双唇收圆略向前突，声带滑动。/u:/：舌根部隆起，双唇收圆收小并向前突出，口腔肌肉保持紧张，发长音。/u/：舌位比/u:/稍低，口型比/u:/稍大，口腔肌肉放松，发音短促。,.,Wehavealotofthingstotalkabout.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.Itsallyourfault.Dontpushandpull,itsmadeofthewool.IwouldifIcould.,.,合口双元音/ei/u/ai/au/i/：发双元音时，口型由前一单元音向后一单元音滑动，前重后轻，前长后短。,.,注意易混音标/和/ei/Nopain,nogain.Ialwaysdoitagain.Hastemakeswaste.Hesavedacat.,.,注意易混音标/u/，/au/和/Asyousow,youwillmow.Iknowwhatyouknow.Dontkeepthehorseinthehouse.Howaboutgoingdowntown,now?,.,注意易混音标/ai/和/e/Strikewhiletheiron/ain/ishot.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Thewormbitesbeds.Thetitleisaboutthebattleinacastle/k:sl/.,.,ComeandenjoytheoystersDontspoilroybygivinghimtoomanytoys.Ihaveanappointmentrightnow.Youshouldbeloyal/lil/toyournation.,.,集中双元音/i/e/u/：舌头由前元音或后元音向中元音滑动。,.,注意不要省略/前面的元音。Weareneartheendoftheyear.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Whatdoyouusually/ju:li/doinyourholiday?Thingsareclearandyoudontneedtofear/fi/.,.,三英语辅音,爆破辅音双唇爆破音/p/b/：双唇紧闭，憋住气流，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔形成爆破音。/p/为清辅音，送气声带不振动；/b/为浊辅音，不送气声带振动。,.,注意和汉语拼音p,b的区别PrideandprejudiceYoucanpractiseaftersuperBasketballisapopularsportinChina.Ibegyourpardon.Hefoundajobinapub.,.,舌尖齿龈爆破音/t/d/：舌尖紧贴上齿龈，憋气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，形成爆破音。/t/为清辅音，/d/为浊辅音。,.,注意和汉语拼音t,d的区别dontshedcrocodile/krkdail/tears.Dontwastetimechatting.Butheisnotgood.Diddaviddancealldayuntildark?,.,舌根软腭爆破音/k/g/：软腭抬起，堵住鼻腔通道，舌后部同时隆起紧贴软腭，憋气，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/为清辅音，/g/为浊辅音。,.,注意和汉语拼音k,g区别Agoodbeginningmakesforagoodending.Heisnotagreatguy.Cutyourcoataccordingtoyourcloth.Keepoffthegreengrass.,.,爆破音的特殊情况：1清辅音浊化：当爆破音/p/t/k/前面有摩擦音，后面紧跟元音时，要改为不送气音。当爆破音/p/t/k/是音节的尾音或是非重读音节时，微弱送气。例如：speak,school,stupid,stopkeep,let,make,bump,peep,.,2不完全爆破或失去爆破两个不同的爆破音相连，第一个音不完全爆破或失去爆破。两个相同或发音部位相同的爆破音相连，发音要领为一次成阻一次除阻，持阻时间延长，为一个爆破音持阻时间的两倍。三个爆破音相连，第二个爆破音完全丢失，剩下的按两个爆破音相连的方法发音。,.,Act,kept,football,goodbyeBiggirl,fasttrain,greatdayActblindly,lockedcar,.,摩擦辅音唇齿摩擦音/f/v/：下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙间穿过，摩擦成音。/f/发音时送气强，但声带不振动；/v/发音时声带振动，但气流弱。,.,注意易混音标/w/和/v/Hediditverywell.Thedetective/ditektiv/foundvarious/vris/photosinthefile.Thevotewaspositive,notnegative/netiv/.Virtue/v:tju:/ofvirgin/v:din/wasvaluedverymuch.,.,舌尖齿背摩擦音/：舌尖轻触上齿下边缘，气流从舌齿间的小缝隙穿出，摩擦成音。/为清辅音，/为浊辅音。,.,注意易混音标/和/s/z/Mybrotherwouldratherwander/wnd/onthestreetthangohome.Togetherwewentthroughthickandthin.Thanktheotherthreebrothersoftheirfathersmothersbrothersside.Thisishissixthbirthday.,.,舌尖齿龈摩擦音/s/z/：舌前端靠近上齿龈，但不接触，上下齿靠拢，但不咬住，气流由舌端与上齿齿龈穿出，摩擦成音。/s/为清辅音，/z/为浊辅音。,.,Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.These/i:z/boysmadealotofnoise/niz/,theircriescouldbeheardformiles.Hewashedhisclothesathousandtimes.,.,舌面齿龈后部摩擦音/：舌前端抬起靠近上齿龈后部但不贴住，舌身两侧紧贴上颚，中间形成一条狭长的通道，气流通过舌端与上齿龈后部时摩擦成音。双唇稍向前突。/是清辅音，/是浊辅音。,.,注意易混音标/和/s/ShouldertoshoulderShesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashore,Imsureshesellsseashoreshells.Measure/me/formeasure,.,声门摩擦音/h/：声门张开，气流不受阻碍自由逸出口腔，声带不振动，只在通过声门时形成轻微摩擦，口型随后面的元音变化。为清辅音。,.,Acoldhandandawarmheart.Thereisaholebehindthebed.Heisholdingahatinhishand.,.,舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音/r/：舌头卷起靠近上齿龈后部，舌两段收拢轻触上齿龈，双唇稍突出并收圆，气流由舌尖与硬腭间逸出，为浊辅音。,.,Sorry,Iminahurry.Realweird/wid/rear/ri/wheels.,.,破擦辅音舌面前齿龈后音/d/t/：舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈后部形成阻碍。发/的动作时解除阻碍，气流通过发出破擦音/d/t/。/t/为清辅音，/d/为浊辅音。,.,注意/d/不要与拼音/j/混淆GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.JennyhadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch.Justthinkaboutthejudge/dd/.,.,鼻音辅音/m/：双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。/n/：舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍，软腭下垂，气流由鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。/：舌根抬起贴住软腭，发音时软腭下垂，打开鼻腔通道，气流由鼻腔逸出，为浊辅音。,.,Mymotherrememberswhenmanfirstlandedonthemoon.Yoursinginganddancingarecharming.FrommorningtilleveningSamsingsthesamesongagainandagain.,.,舌侧辅音/l/：出现在元音前，为清晰音，发音时舌头向硬腭抬起，舌前端紧贴上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出，发音清晰，声带振动，为浊辅音。出现在辅音前或词末时，为含糊音。发音时，舌尖抵上齿，舌面形成凹槽，舌后部上抬，气流从舌的一侧或两侧逸出，并在凹槽中产生共鸣，发音响亮，为浊辅音。,.,Liveandlearn.Alittlepillmaywellcureagreatill.Letsleepingdogslie.Lilyladles/leidl/littleLettyslentil/lentil/soup.,.,半元音双唇音/w/：舌后部向硬腭抬高，双唇与/u:/相似，收圆，收小并稍向前突出，发音短促，已经发出立刻向后面的元音滑动，为浊辅音。舌面硬腭音/j/：舌前面向硬腭高高抬起，口型与/i:/相似，双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形，声带振动，发音短促，已经发出立即向后面的元音滑动，为浊辅音。,.,Whilewewerewalking,wewerewatchingawindowwasherwashWashingtonswindowswithwarmwashingwater.Hekeepsworkingyearafteryear.Nosweetwithoutsweat.,.,辅音连缀首辅音连缀/tr/:软腭抬起，舌尖抵上齿龈后部形成阻碍，发音时舌尖以发/r/音的动作解除阻碍，使爆破清辅音/t/r/几乎同时发出。/dr/:软腭抬起,.,Isawalotoftreasureinmydream.Thereareseveralhundredpeopleonthetrain.Thedriverbumpedintoatree.,.,尾辅音连缀/ts/:舌尖贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔。/dz/:舌尖贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔。,.,Itsrainingcatsanddogs.Oldfrinedsandoldwinearebest.Imgoingtovisitmyparentsfortheholidays.,.,四连读,1同一意群中，前词的尾辅音和后词的首元音可以连读。例如：firstofallsomeofusputitonlookatitinanhournotatallranout,.,2同一意群中，前词的尾辅音和后词的首辅音可以连读。例如：hotbathgoodnightonemorenextdayagooddeal,.,3同一意群中相邻两词，前词的尾音是/:/:/:/i/e/u/并以字母r或re结尾，后词以元音开头，字母r或re发/r/音并与后面连读。例如：farawayhereandtheretakecareof注：不在同一意群不能连读。,.,五句重读,实词重读；指示代词，不定代词，起强调作用的反身代词，名词性的物主代词重读；虚词弱读Herskirtisblackandwhite.Myse