基数词的用法.doc

年 级初一学 科英语编稿老师张春燕课程标题基数词的用法一校林卉二校黄楠审核刘晓军 中考对基数词的考查主要集中在： 1. 基数词在生活中的具体运用。 2. hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法。 3. 由基数词构成的合成形容词的用法。 4. 中考中主要以单项选择题和词汇应用题的形式出现，分值为1-2分。一、知识精讲 表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词。（一）基数词的构成 1. 1-12的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自的形式：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。 2. 13-19的基数词以-teen结尾，单词中的两个音节重读。一般都是在相应的表示“几”的基数词后加-teen。如：fourteen，sixteen, seventeen，nineteen等，但13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen的拼写较特殊。 3. 20-90中表示整十位数的词，一般都是在相应的表示“几”的基数词后加-ty，单词的第一个音节重读。 如：sixty, seventy, ninety，但20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 80 eighty的拼写较特殊。 （二）基数词的写/读法 1. 两位数的写法：在十位数与个位数之间加连字符 “-”。如：28 twenty-eight， 96 ninety-six。 两位数的读法：先读十位的“几十”，再读个位的“几”。 2. 三位数的读法，在百位和十位 （若无十位，则和个位）之间用and连接（美式英语可不用and）。如：148 one hundred（and）forty-eight，406 four hundred and six。 3. 千位数以上的基数词，从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号。第一个逗号前的数字后加thousand，第二个逗号前的数字后加million，第三个逗号前的数字后加billion。 如：24,500,379,168 twenty-four billion, five hundred million, three hundred（and）seventy-nine thousand, one hundred（and）sixty- eight顺口溜帮你巧记基数词： 基数词，不难记，找出规律很容易： 零至十二形各异，一个一个单独记。 后加-teen为“十几”，thirteen, fifteen看仔细，eighteen只有一个t。 表示“几十”要加-ty，twenty, thirty是特例； forty, fifty更厉害，和eighty一起搞例外。 表示数字“几十几”，连字符号要切记。 要表“几百几”，and 常把百、十系（美式英语可省略and）； 还有一点须注意，“几百”后别把-s立。状元典例1 There are _ story-books in our class.A. three hundreds and thirty six B. three hundred and thirty-sixC. three hundreds and thirty-six D. three hundred thirty six答案：B思路分析：表示“三百”，hundred后不加-s，排除A，C两项；“几十几”中间加连字符，排除D项。状元典例2 We can say the number 56,894 in English like this: _.A. fifty-six thousand and eight hundred and ninety four B. fifty-six thousand, eight hundred and ninety fourC. fifty-six thousand, eight hundred and ninety- four D. fifty six thousand , eight hundred and ninety -four答案：C思路分析：“几十几”之间要加连字符，排除A，B, D三项，A，B两项中的ninety four，D项中的fifty six之间没有连字符，故错误。（三）基数词的用法 1. 表示时刻：英语中的时刻是用基数词来表示的，最常见的形式有三种： 先点钟，后分钟。如：6:30 six thirty，7:52 seven fifty-two 先分钟，后点钟。表示“分钟数不超半小时”，用“分钟数 + past + 钟点数”表示；如：5:25 twenty-five past five。表示“分钟数超过半小时”，用“（60-分钟数）+to+下一个钟点数”表示，即“差几分到几点”。如：10:43 seventeen to eleven。 表示“整点”，直接用“钟点数 （+oclock）”表示。“半点钟”用half表示，“一刻钟”用a quarter表示。如：6:00 six（oclock），10:30 half past ten，4:45 a quarter to five，7:15 a quarter past seven。 状元典例1What time is it? Its _（2:40）.A. forty past two B. two past forty C. twenty to three D. twenty to two答案：C思路分析：2:40中的分钟数40超过了半小时，故用“（60-分钟数）+to+下一个钟点数”表示，即：差20分钟到3点，twenty to three。状元典例2The train will leave at _.A. a quarter to twelve B. twelve a quarter C. twelve past a quarter D. quarter past twelve答案：A思路分析：A项意为“差一刻到12点”，即：11:45；B, C, D三项表达错误；表达12:15可用以下方式：twelve fifteen, a quarter past twelve。 2. 表示年龄岁数+year（s） old（可以省略）。【例句】 He is ten years old. =He is ten . 他十岁了。 3.表示顺序、编号 一般置于名词后。如：Unit 2第二单元；Page20 第20页如果数词前有No.，则“No.+基数词”置于名词前。【例句】Whos that in Picture 1? 图1中的人是谁？ He is a student in No. 9 Middle School. 他是第九中学的一名学生。 注意： 1）表示住所时不用“No.”。如：Room 202（读作：room two o two）；202房间2）电话号码用基数词，可单个读，重复的数字可用double。如：3866988 three eight six six （double six）nine eight eight（double eight）。状元典例Mr. Chen is teaching at _ Middle School.A. a No. 5 B. the No. 5 C. the No. 5th D. 5th. No.答案：B思路分析：表示顺序、编号，可用“No.+基数词”，排除C，D两项；第五中学表示特指，故其前用定冠词the，排除A项。 4. 用于计算【例句】Whats one plus two? 一加二等于多少？ Its three. 等于三。 状元典例Seventy-nine plus _ is eighty.A. one B. zero C. two D. ten答案：A思路分析：句意为“79加几是80”，当然是one了，故选A项。 5. 表示倍（次）数一倍（次） once，两倍（次） twice，两倍（次）以上用“基数词+times”表示。【例句】I have been to Beijing three times. 我已去过北京三次了。 6. 表示年份1980 可写作：nineteen eighty2004 可写作：two thousand and four （四）基数词在句中可作的成分基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。【例句】Ten of them are teachers. 他们中有十个人是教师。（作主语）Please give him one. 请给他一个。（作宾语）The girl is eleven. 这个女孩十一岁了。（作表语）She has two pens. 她有两支钢笔。（作定语）二、难点聚焦 1. hundred是“百”，thousand是“千”，million是“百万”，billion是“十亿”，在表示一个具体的数目时，它们必须用单数形式；但当它们表示不确切的数目时，应用复数形式，且其后需加of。如：五百名医生 five hundred doctors；数百名医生 hundreds of doctors。状元典例1There are two _in front of the building.A. thousand people B. thousands people C. thousand of people D. thousands peoples答案：A思路分析：设空处前有具体的数词two，故thousand用单数形式即原形；people是单数形式，复数概念。且thousand后不加 of。故选A项。状元典例2In Spring, we often plant _ trees around our school.A. two hundreds B. hundreds of C. hundred of D. two hundred of答案：B思路分析：浏览题干可知设空处表示不确切的数目，hundred用复数形式，且其后需加of。A项thousand多-s；C项hundred后少-s；D项后多of，均不正确。 2. 表示“在某人几十岁”时，用“in ones +逢十的数词复数”。【例句】He was famous in his twenties. 他是在二十多岁的时候出名的。状元典例She moved to Beijing _.A. at her thirties B. in the thirty C. in her thirties D. on her thirties答案：C思路分析：浏览题干可知句意为“她在三十多岁时搬到了北京”。表示“在某人几十岁”时，用“in ones +逢十的数词复数”，故选C项。 3. 表示“年代”用 “in the +逢十的数词复数”；表示“世纪年代”用 in the + s（s）。如：in the nineties在九十年代in the 1980s或in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代状元典例About 75% of the students in our class were born in the _.A. 1990 B. 1990s C. 1990s D. 1990答案：B思路分析：根据句意“我们班75%的学生出生于二十世纪九十年代”可知设空处为“二十世纪九十年代”的正确表达。有两种形式，in the 1990s或in the 1990s，故B项正确。 4. “基数词+名词+（形容词）”构成复合形容词。当其作定语时，各词之间需加连字符“-”，名词用单数形式；作表语时，不需用连字符连接名词，且名词用复数形式。【例句】The street is 200 kilometers long. = Its a 200-kilometer-long street. 这条街200公里长。状元典例He wrote _letter to his parents yesterday.A. a 800 words B. an 800-word C. an 800-words D. a 800-word答案：B思路分析：浏览题干可知设空处作letter的定语，故各词之间需加连字符，排除A项；名词用单数形式，排除C项；800的首音素是元音，故其前用an修饰，排除D项。句意为“昨天他给他的父母写了一封800字的信”。 5. 基数词与more, another连用时，顺序不同：基数词+ more +名词；another +基数词+名词【例句】We want two more days to finish the work. =We want another two days to finish the work.完成这项工作我们还需要两天。状元典例Ten workers are not enough. We need _ workers.A. two more B. more two C. two another D. other two答案：A思路分析：基数词与more连用时，要放在more前；而与another连用时，要放在another 后。句意为“十个工人不够。我们还需要多加两个工人”。 6. 带有“半”的一段时间一个半小时：one / an hour and a half 或one and a half hours三年半：three years and a half 或three and a half years状元典例It took him _ to finish his homework yesterday evening.A. two and a half hour B. two and a half hours C. a half and two hour D. two hour and a half答案：B思路分析：浏览各选项可知设空处表达“两个半小时”，有两种表示方法：two hours and a half 或 two and a half hours，故选B项。句意为“昨晚完成作业花了他两个半小时的时间”。三、状元笔记 1. 掌握基数词的构成，注意与众不同的词：three thirteen, five fifteen eighteighteentwo twenty, three thirty, four forty, five fifty, eight eighty 2. 学会读基数词：数字“几十几”，连字符号要切记。要表“几百几”，and 常把百、十系（美式英语可省略and）；还有一点须注意，“几百”后别把-s 立。 3. 了解基数词在句中所作的成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语 1. （贵阳） What time do you usually get up, John? I usually get up at _.A. half past six B. half to six C. half after six答案：A思路分析：本题考查时刻的表达法。“六点半”应用half past six 或six thirty表达。 2. （山东聊城）Which class won the match in the end?Im not quite sure. Perhaps _did.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three Class答案：C思路分析：本题考查基数词表示“班级”时的用法。“三班”用基数词表示为：Class Three，故选C项。 3. （重庆）We dont have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least _ are needed.A. ten another nurses B. more ten nurses C. other ten nurses D. another ten nurses答案：D思路分析：本题考查基数词与more, another连用时的顺序。句意为“我们没有足够的护士照顾病人。至少还需要另外的十个护士”。“另外的十个护士”应用another ten nurses或ten more nurses表示。浏览各选项可知D项正确。 4. （南充） _girls took part in the Super Girl Competition, but only few of them succeeded.A. One million of B. Millions of C. Two millions答案：B思路分析：本题考查million的用法。当其前有具体数字时，million用单数形式，排除C项；且其后不加of，排除A项。当其前没有具体数字时，million用复数形式，且其后加of，故选B项。句意为“数百万计的女孩参加了超级女声比赛，但她们中只有少数人成功”。 5. （福建泉州） How much is your MP4?It cost me two _ yuan.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of答案：A思路分析：本题考查hundred的用法。根据题干答语中的two是基数词，可知hundred用单数形式，其后不加of。 6. （山东滨州） It took us _ to finish the work.A. one and half hours B. an hour and a half C. half hour D. one and half a hour答案：B思路分析：本题考查含“半”的时间段的表达法。“一个半小时”表示为：one/ an hour and a half 或 one and a half hours，排除A，D两项；表示“半小时”应用half an hour, 故C项不正确。 7. （河北） The bridge is _.A. long 40 meters B. long 40 meter C. 40 meter long D. 40 meters long答案：D思路分析：本题考查“基数词+名词+形容词”作表语。作表语时，词与词之间不用连字符连接，且名词用复数形式。A，B两项错误，形容词位置与基数词+名词颠倒；C项中的名词没用复数形式。句意为“这座桥40米长”。 8. （山东淄博）Did you go to Jinan last year?Yes. I have been there _.A. time five B. five time C. five times D. times five答案：C思路分析：本题考查基数词中“次数”的表达法。设空处表示“多于两次”，用“基数词+times”表达。故“5次”表示为：five times。（答题时间：35分钟）. 单项选择（ ）1. Six plus five is _.A. ten B. eleven C. twelve D. eleventh（ ）2. Twelve and _is forty-one.A. twenty-eight B. twenty-nine C. thirty-nine D. thirty-eight（ ）3. He lives in .A. room 203B. Room 203C. 203rd roomD. Room 203rd（ ）4. My uncle has lived at for 30 years.A. No. 101 Heping Street B. 101 Heping Street C. Heping Street 101 D. A and B（ ）5. You can find him in .A. Room 602B. 602 RoomC. the Room 602D. the 602 Room（ ）6. Six million, six hundred and sixty-six thousand, six hundred and sixty-six is _.A. 6,666,666 B. 666,666,666 C. 6, 600, 666 D. 60,6000,666（ ）7. Did they plant many trees last year?Yes. _.A. Three thousand twenty and four B. Three thousand and twenty-fourC. Three thousands twenty four D. Three thousands and twenty-four（ ）8. Tom and Mike are both in _.A. 3 Grades B. 3 Grade C. grade 3 D. Grade 3（ ）*9. Each of us has to write a _report every two weeks.A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words（ ）*10. Time is not enough for the work. _people are needed, I think.A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two another（ ）*11. He became a teacher when he was_.A. on his twenties B. in his twenties C. in his twenty D. at his twenties（ ）12. Eight _teachers and students plant _trees every spring.A. thousands; million B. thousand; millions ofC. thousands of; millions of D. thousands of; million（ ）*13. A _girl is famous for her singing.A. seven-years-old B. seven years-old C. seven-year-old D. seven year old（ ）*14. is five plus three?A. How manyB. How much C. What D. How（ ）*15. _ the world had a great change.A. On the 1990s B. At the 1990s C. In the 1990s D. In the 1990s（ ）16. years ago the kings of Egypt built strong tombs for themselves.A. ThousandsB. Thousand ofC. ThousandD. Thousands of（ ）*17. The Great Pyramid is about high.A. 144 metreB. 144-metreC. 144 metresD. 144-metres（ ）18. This story happened in the .A. 1970sB. 1970C. 1970D. 1970s（ ）19. The train is leaving at .A. twenty-two past tenB. thirty-eight to tenC. twenty-second past tenD. thirty-eighth to ten（ ）20. are going to celebrate an important wine festival in two days.A. Three hundred people B. Three hundreds people C. Third hundred peopleD. Third hundreds people（ ）21. The hero of the story is an artist in his .A. thirtiethB. thirtyC. thirtysD. thirties（ ）22. Two died of（死于）cold last winter.A. hundreds of old peopleB. hundred old peopleC. hundreds of peopleD. hundreds old people（ ）23. Marx was made to leave his country in his .A. twentyB. twentiesC. twentiethD. twentieths（ ）*24. Please wait here. Ill be back in hours.A. two and a halfB. two hour and half C. two hours and halves D. two and half（ ）*25. The school is walk from here.A. a two-hourB. two hoursC. two-hoursD. one two hour. 用基数词写出下列短语 1. 403号房间 _ 2. 第57页 _ 3. 第12课_ 4. 半小时 _ 5. 三刻钟 _6. 一个半小时_ 7. 14路公共汽车 _ 8. 第七医院 _9. 第53中学_ *10. 电话号码：893259. 根据汉语提示或用括号内所给词的适当形式完成句子 1. There are _（三十） days in June in 2011. 2. There are _（十八） people in the room. 3. _（数以百万计的） of people around the world cant get clean water. 4. Two _（ thousand） dollars is enough. *5. Do you know that _（八十岁的）man? *6. In the _（80年代）, they came here. 7. There are _（six） minutes in an hour. 8. M