高中英语语法经验总结

高中英语语法经验总结高中英语语法经验总结高中英语语法经验总结 本文简介：五大基本句型1.主（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主语从句）谓(vi.)（如：come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)(1).Thesunrisesinthee。高中英语语法经验总结五大基本句型1.主（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主语从句）谓(vi.)（如：come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)(1).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.(3).WeworkhardatEnglish.2.主-谓（vt.如：visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)-宾（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/宾语从句）(1).Istudychemistryandhestudiesphysics.(2).Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.(3).Hedoesntknowwhattoread.3.主-谓（vt.)-间接宾语（sb)-直接宾语(sth.)(1).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:send,pass,hand,show(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:make,get,cook,call,find(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb(1).Willyoulendmeyourbike?(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.(6).Passmethepaper,please.(7)JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.4.主-谓(vt.)-宾-补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/todosth-如：ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth-如：“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”；have,let与make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)(1).Isawherenterthelab.(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.(5).Illhavethebikerepaired.(6).Iheardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.(7).Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.(8).Hepaintedthedoorred.(9).Shefoundherbikestolen.(10).letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.(11).Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.(12).Iwishyoutogowithme.(13).Dontkeepyourmotherwaiting.(14).suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.(15).Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.5.主-系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)-表（n./adj./adv./介词短语/todosth/doingsth./donebysb./表语从句）。(1).Thenewswasexciting.(2).Hewasexcitedatthenews.(3).Theteachersofficeiscleanandtidy.(4).ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.(5).TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.(6).Themusicsoundssweet.(7).Youranswerdoesntsoundright.(8).Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.(9).Theliquidtastesbitter.(10).MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.(11).Thisstoryisveryinteresting.(12).Iminterestedinthestory.(13).Hebecameawriterin1960.比较：Heturnedwriterin1960.(14).Hewillmakeagoodathlete.（成为）希望你能熟记上述经典例句，真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。定语从句1.什么叫定语从句？先行词？引导词？定语从句的位置如何？(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJimssister.(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.(7).IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.2.定语从句的引导词分为5个关系代词:（1).who-指人，在从句中作主语。（2).whom-指人，在从句中作宾语。(3).whose-指人或物，在从句中作定语。(4).which-指物，在从句指作主语或宾语;which还可以作定语起到限定词的作用（this/that/these/those),但其前面必须有介词。(5).that-指人或物，在从句指作主语或宾语。(5)as-指人或物，在从句中作主、宾、表，既可以引导限制性定语从句(thesame-as,such-as,as/so-as),也可以引导非限制性定语从句（位置灵活).3个关系副词:(1).when-指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2).where-指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3).why-指原因，在从句中作原因状语。注意：判断用关系代词还是用关系副词，主要取决于什么？取决于引导词在从句中所充当的成分：若引导词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语时，须用关系代词；若引导词在从句中充当状语时，须用关系副词。(1).Illneverforgettheday_yousavedme.Thatsthespecialday_Illneverforget.(2).Thisisthehouse_myauntlivedlastyear.Thisisthehouse_myauntboughtlastyear.(3).Wellvisitthevillage,_wasoncethesiteofafamousbattle.Wellvisitthevillage,_afamousbattleoncetookplace.(4).,1949wastheday_wellneverforget.,1949wastheday_thePRCwasfounded.(5)Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.此时我决定回家(6)ChaplinwenttotheStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.(7)Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy,inwhichcasehehadtogivein.3.一般来说，that/which都可以指物（可互用），但在下列情况下，必须用that指物，不用which.(1).当先行词本身为不定代词时：all,much,little,sth,anything,everything,noyhing.(2).当先行词被adj最高级/序数词修饰时。(3).当先行词被thevery(正是、就是)、theonly、thelast修饰时。(1).Allthatglittersisnotgold.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Youcantakeanyroomthatyoulike.Thereisnodifficultythatwecantovercome.ThisisthelasttimethatIllgiveyoualesson.ThisistheverybookthatImafter.Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(关系代词在从句中作表语时）引导的定语从句：(as在定语从句中必须充当成分：主语、宾语、表语)(1).Thesame-as-(2).Such-as-(3).As-clause,main-clause.=Main-clause,as-clause.(4).such/as-as-(5)as/so-as-(1).Asweknow,morethan70%oftheearthssurfaceiscoveredbywater.(2).Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.(3).Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.(5).ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(6).Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).(7).Donttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.(8).Airisagas,asisknowntous.Asweallknow,airisagas.Air,asweknow,isagas.(9)Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.比较：Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句）注意：引导的非限制性定语从句常有，只能指代整个主句的内容，不能指代单个先行词：“如同-那样”：asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above,ashasbeenpointedout,asmightbeexpected(正如所预料的那样),asisoftenthecase(情况常常是这样),在非限制性定语从句中，既可以指代整个主句，也可以指代单个先行词。指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which.3.在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as只能作系动词be的主语。(1)Theappletree,whichIplantedlastyear,hasnotanyfruit.(2)Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.(3)Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.5.特殊的句型(1).Doallonecantodosth.Dowhatonecantodosth.Do/tryonesbesttodosth.(2).Idontliketheway(that)youwalkIdontliketheway(inwhich)youwalk.(3).This/Itisthe1st/2ndtimethatIhavedonesth.This/Itwasthe1st/2ndtimethatIhaddonesth.(4).Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.Helivesinthehousethewindowofwhichfacessouth.Helivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowfacessouth.(5).Heenteredthemeetinghall,inthefrontofwhichweresittingsomeimportantmen.(6)比较：Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.Itisreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.Whatisreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.(7)Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.Theystoodnearthewindow,fromwherewecouldseethewholegarden.注意：(1)No/never/not-先行词-But-=that-not或who-not：“没有-不-的”(2)当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等名词时，表示情况、方面、处境时，用关系副词where.但先行词是occasion时，用关系副词when.(!)Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim=nomanwhodidntadmirehim.(2)Thereisnodificultybutmaybesmoothedaway.=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.(3)Therearesomecases,wherethisroledoesntholdgood.（适用)(4)InChinathereisnoonebutknowsLeiFeng.(5)Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.(6)Hersisterhasbeecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.(关系代词指代人的职业、身份）6.相似结构，注意辨别：(1)*Isthismuseum_theyvisitedyesterday?Isthisthemuseum_theyvisitedyesterday?Isthismuseum_theystayedyesterday?Itwasthemuseum_yousawmanywasinthemuseum_yousawmanywasinthemuseum_youdroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.(2).Shelivedinthehouse_sheusedtolive._sheusedtolivein._sheusedtodropin._sheusedtovisit._windowswerebroken.thewindows_werebroken.and_windowswerebrokken._thebrokenwindows.whichwhichwhichJ.不填one(that)Keys:;de;a;ab;d;e;dej;de;de;i;h;f;g.(3)._isknownisthathehasgonetocollege._isknownthathehasgonetocollege._isknown,hehasgonetocollege.Weallknow_hehasgonetocollege.Hehasgonetocollege,_madeussurprised.Hehasgonetocollegeand_madeussurprised.Hehasgonetocollege,_surprisedus.Hehasgonetocollege,_Iamsurprisedat._surprisedusmostwas_hehasgonetocollege.(4).Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllike.Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllikehim.Heissuchagoodteacher,_weallknow.Heisagoodteacher,_makesusrespecthim.(5).HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_hebecameamanagersomeyearslater.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_wasimportantforhim.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_hewasalreadyinhisfifties.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,and_hebecamefamous.Itwasin1984_hearrivedinBeijing.Keys:;a;b;e;ce;c;bc;d;e;b;ac;c;c;a;d;e名词性从句（一）、什么叫名词性从句？名词性从句在复句中的位置如何？1.主语从句-谓语-宾语.(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.(3).Itisntquiteclearwhyshedidit.(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.(5)Whatiscalledatomicenergyisactuallynuclearenergy.2.主语-谓语(vt.)-宾语从句.(1).IwonderwhetherornotMikeisathomenow.(2).Idontcarewhetherornothiscarbreaksdown.(3).Hisparentsthinkitapitythattheirsondidntpasstheexam.(4)Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,itwasatlasthisturntostepintotheconsultingroom.(5)HewasborninwhatisnowknownasShanghai.注意;it作形式宾语的特殊句型：(1).oweittosb.that-“把-归功于-”(2).Leaveittosb.that-“把-留给某人去做”(3).Takeitforgrantedthat-“想当然”(4).keepitinmindthat-“记住“(5).Ilike/enjoy/hateitthat-(6).seetoitthat-=makesurethat-“务必、确保“(7).dependonitthat-(1).Ienjoy_whenyouhelp_isintrouble.,thosewho,who,anyone,whoever(2).IoweittoyouthatImstillalive.(3)Ileaveittoyoutojudge.（我让你做判断）(4).Youmaydependonitthattheywillhelpyou.（你可以放心他们会帮你的)(5).Wouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?(你负责保证）(6)ItakeitthatyouwontbecomingtoSophiesparty.(我想你不回去参加）(7).Imcountingonitthatyouwillcome.(我正指望着你回来)3.主语-系-表语从句.(1).Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.(2).Thatswhyweloveourmotherlandsomuch.(3).Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.(4).Thereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterdywasthathewasill.4.某些名词（如：thenews/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibility/problem/conclusion/opinion/remark评论、意见，saying格言、谚语，evidence)-引导词（如：that,whether,how,when,where,why)-同位语从句（注意：which不能引导同位语从句)(1).Herecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignfriendswillcometoourschool.(2).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.(3).Wordcamethattheirheadmasterwouldsoonvisitourschool.(4).Ihavenoideawhenshewillcomeback.(二）、名词性从句的引导词：(1).连接词：that,whether/if,asif-在从句中不充当任何成分。(2).连接代词：who,what,which,whose-在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。(3).连接副词：when,how,howmany/much/soon/often/long-在从句中充当状语。注意：(1).if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词的宾语从句。(2).与ornot或不定式连用，要用whether.(3).what本身有一定的意义，且在从句中充当一定的成分，而that本身无任何意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。(1).Itisunknownwhether/ifsheisill.(如果用形式主语，if和whether都可以）(2).Idontcareifhedoesntshowup.他来不来我都不在乎（若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if,而不用whether)(3)Afteryearsofhardwork,hewasmadewhathewas.(主语补足语-经过多年的辛劳，她被弄成这样）注意：inthat(由于、因为），exceptthat(除了-），butthat(如果没有、要不是-），besidesthat(除了-)(1)IknownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.(2)Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthattime.(3)ButthatIsawit,Icouldnthavebelievedit.(三).弄清一类连词：“无论（不管）-”Nomatterwho-=Whoever-Nomatterwhat-=Whatever-Nomatterwhich-=Whichever-Nomatterwhen-=Whenever-Nomatterwhere-=wherever-Nomatterhowadj/adv-=Howeveradj/adv-左边：只能引导让步状语从句。而右边：既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。(1).Illgivethebookto_wantsit.(A).anyone(B).thosewho(C).whoever(D).whomever(2).Nomatterwho=Whoeverwantst