选修8 Unit 23

【素材示例】生活中，你自己或他人曾有过物品不慎丢失而又找回的经历，期间有烦恼、有惊喜、有感慨请就此写一篇英语短文。主要内容包括：1丢失的物品；2物品失而复得的经过；,3你的感想。注意1.词数不少于120个；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。_,【赏文酌句】作者准确使用“musthave过去分词”，熟练运用findsb过去分词，其中though引导的让步状语从句的省略，which引导非限制定语从句，it用作形式主语，invain，overjoyed，avoidmissing等，体现出其娴熟的语言运用能力。,【佳句模拟】1模拟Youlooksopleased.Youmusthavedoneintheexam.你看起来很开心，你一定考得很好吧。2模拟Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolutiontotheproblem，butinvain.我曾苦苦地探求解决问题的办法，但都是徒劳。3模拟Hisdeterminationhasadeepimpressiononme.他的坚毅给我留下了深刻的印象。,佳句背诵Myhometownliesatthefootofamountain,withabigriverrunninginfront.我的家乡坐落在一座山脚下，其前有一条大河。Myhometown,locatedontheEastSea,hasahistoryofmorethan300yearsandapopulationof200,000.我的家乡坐落在东海之滨，有着300多年的历史，20万人口。,Itbeingaboilinghotday，wealljumpedintothelake.天气酷热，我们都跳入湖中。Itlookslikerain./Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起来要下雨。Itsrainingcatsanddogsoutsidenow./Itispouringdownoutsidenow.现在外面下着倾盆大雨。,Itseemstobeclearingup.天似乎要转晴。Itsblowing/raining/snowinghard/heavily.风(雨/雪)刮(下)得很大。Ourearthisbeingendangeredbythemoreandmoreseriouspollution.污染越来越严重，我们的地球处境危险。Therewillbearainstormaccompaniedbythunderandlightning.将有一场雷电交加的暴风雨。,.单词识记1vt.出卖，背叛2n公正，正义3n妥协，让步4n偏见5vt.把分类6vi.订阅(杂志或报纸)7n营养8unconsciousadj.,betray,justice,compromise,prejudice,classify,subscribe,nutrition,失去知觉的,9greetvt.10remarkvt.11swearvi.12handfuln13sponsorvt.14expensen15exposevt.,问候，致意,说起，谈到,发誓,少数，一些,赞助,费用，开支,暴露,.词汇拓展1n离开，离去v离开2vt.任命；委任n任命，委任；约定3n安全adj.可靠的4n代表vt.代表5vt.分发，分配n分配，配给,departure,depart,appoint,appointment,security,secure,representative,represent,distribute,distribution,6n移居，移民入境v移入n移民7vt.吃喝；消费；消耗n消费；吃喝n消费者8n社会主义n社会主义者adj.社会主义的n社会,immigration,immigrate,immigrant,consume,consumption,consumer,socialism,socialist,society,.短语天地1保护，维护2与某人详细讨论某事3提议，提出4派人去叫5请(某人)6有的天赋7把交给,standupfor,talksthoverwithsb,putforward,sendfor,callin,haveagiftfor,handover,8beexposedto9inaflash10keeponesword11callon12holdout13bringsthonsb14lookinto15sortout,处于可能受伤害的境遇,瞬间，即刻,遵守诺言,要求介入,(在困境中)坚持,给某人招来(不愉快的)事情,调查,解决(问题或困难)；分类,.典型句式1hatedoingsth讨厌做某事YangMinghatesbeingcalledanalcoholic，butitisthefactthatpeoplehaveclassifiedhismusicas“noise”thatupsetshim.杨明讨厌被叫为嗜酒徒，但是人们把他的音乐归为噪音的事实也实在让他感到难受。2despite.虽然Infact，themoreIusethebike，themoreweightIseemtoputon，despitefollowingtheinstructionmanualcarefully.事实上，虽然我认真地照说明指南去做，但我骑自行车的次数越多，似乎体重增加的越多。,3notonly放句首引起倒装.，notonlydidthemanagerrefusetogivebackmymoney，butsaidthattheywouldnotrepairthebikeeither.经理不仅拒绝把钱退给我，而且还说他们也不会修理自行车。,4befeduptotheneckwith.对烦透了Oneoftheirmen，speakinginEnglish，remarkedthathehadworkedinEnglandforsomeyearsandthathewasfeduptotheneckwiththiswarandwouldbegladwhenitwasover.他们之中有一个人会说英语，他说他在英格兰工作过好几年，他对这场讨厌的战争烦透了，如果战争结束他会感到高兴的。,5beincontactwith.和有接触Ihavealreadybeenincontactwithmylawyerinordertoaskforadvice.为寻求帮助，我已经和我的律师取得了联系。,核心单词教材原句betrayedbyafamilymember被一个家庭成员出卖betray.to.出卖(国家、朋友等)给betrayoneself无意中露出本性；泄露信息betrayonesbeliefs/principles/ideals/trust背弃某人的信仰/原则/理想/信任,ForyearstheyhadbeenbetrayingstatesecretstoRussia.他们多年来一直向俄罗斯泄露国家机密。Shewasterrifiedofsayingsomethingthatwouldmakeherbetrayherself.她害怕说话时露了自己的底。Youmustnotbetrayyourteacherstrust.你不应辜负老师的信任。,教材原句GovernmentministerannouncescompromiseonnewTVviolencelaws.政府官员宣布对新的电视暴力法规采取妥协方案。reach/arriveat/workoutacompromise达成妥协makeacompromisewith与妥协compromisewithsbonsth和某人就某事达成妥协,Afterlengthytalks,thetwosidesfinallyreachedacompromise.双方经过长时间商谈终于达成了妥协。Everybodyhastobepreparedtomakecompromises.每个人都必须准备作出让步。Wecompromisedwithhimonthispoint.我们就这一点和他达成了妥协。,教材原句YangMingsneighbourssaytheywerebeingdrivenmadbeingexposedtosuchnoise.杨明的邻居说他们快因那些噪音而发疯了。exposesth/sbtosth/sb使暴露于；使面临；使接触exposedadj.无遮蔽的；不挡风雨的；易受攻击的beexposedto处于可能受伤害的境遇exposuren面临，遭受；揭露,Iamrepeatedlyexposedtothebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.(2011辽宁卷完形填空)我再三的接触那些基本的单词并且学习它们是怎么被用来解释事物和思想的。,Dontexposeyourskintodirectsunlight，oryoullgetsunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。Hernewmoviehashadalotofexposureinthemedia.她的新片媒体有很多报道。,教材原句.，butitisthefactthatpeoplehaveclassifiedhismusicas“noise”thatupsetshimmost.，但就是人们把他的音乐划归为噪音的事实使他感到最不高兴。o.把分成classify.accordingto/by.按分类classifiedadj.分类的,Onlyelevenoftheseaccidentswereclassifiedasmajor.牛津这些事故中只有十一例被判定为重大事故。Patientsareclassifiedintothreecategories.牛津病人被归为三种类型。,教材原句Peteisinterestedinhearingaboutherappointment.听说关于她的任命的消息皮特很感兴趣。appoint.(tobe/as).任命为appointsbtoapost派某人任某职appoint.for.为约定appointsbtodosth指派某人做某事makeanappointmentwith与约会keep/breakanappointment守约/违约,SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.2012重庆卷单项填空24山姆已经被指定代替乔治的位子担当工程部经理。Theyappointedhim(as)captainoftheEnglishteam.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。,Thetimeweappointedforthemeetingistenoclockinthemorning.我们定的开会时间是上午10点。Phonehissecretaryandmakeanappointment.打电话给他的秘书约定时间。Theyappointedhim(tobe)manager.他们任命他为经理。,教材原句Oneoftheirmen,speakinginEnglish,remarkedthathehadworkedinEnglandforsomeyearsandthathewasfeduptotheneckwiththiswarandwouldbegladwhenitwasover.他们中有个人会说英语，提到了他在英国工作过几年，他说他对这场该死的战争早就烦透了，如果战争结束他会非常高兴。,remarkthat.评论remarkon/uponsth/sb就发表评论make/passaremarkon/about就发表意见，对品头论足,AsweflewhomeoverBritain,bothofusremarkedhowgreeneverythinglooked.2012湖北卷阅读理解A当我们经由英国坐飞机回家时，我们两个都谈到一切看起来多么有朝气。Heremarkedonthedifferenceinsecuritymeasuresatthetwoairports.朗文他讲到两个机场安全措施的不同。Theymaderuderemarksaboutherappearance.他们对她的外表横加粗暴的评论。Hiscasualremarktriggeredapoliticalstorm.他的一句戏言引发一场政治风暴。,教材原句Billdistributedthebeeramongusandweconsumedthelot.比尔给我们分发了啤酒，我们都喝了。distribute.over.把分配到distributesthto.把某物分给distributesthamong.(divide.among.)把分给distributionn分发；分配；散发,Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhatsleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.2011福建卷阅读理解E我们将大多数时间花在了与很少的人的交往中，而将很少的时间分给了很多人。Theteacherdistributedthenewbookstothepupils.老师把新书发给小学生们。Theydistributedtheprofitequallyamongthemselves.他们将利润平分了。,教材原句MeandanacquaintancewerewalkingbehindanEnglishpubonce，.我和一个熟人曾在一个英式小酒吧的后面散步，haveacquaintancewithsb与某人有交情haveacquaintancewithsth对某事物有了解,Ihadlittleacquaintancewithmodernpoetry.牛津我对现代诗所知甚少。Ihavenoacquaintancewiththisbook.我不熟悉这本书。Residentsshouldacquaintthemselveswithearthquakesafetyrules.居民们应该了解地震安全防护规范。Iamwellacquaintedwithherfamily.我和她家里的人很熟。,教材原句UnlessIreceiveapositivereplywithinthenextthreeweeks,Iintendtotakefurtheraction.除非在以后的三周之内我收到肯定的答复才会打算采取进一步行动。intendtodo/doingsth打算做某事intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事beintendedfor专供；旨在beintendedas计划用作byintention故意hadintendedtodosth本打算去干,NowMr.Whiteisbackandintendstowriteabookabouthisadventures.2012上海卷阅读理解A现在怀特先生回来了，他打算将自己的冒险经历写成一本书。Ididntintendhertoseethepaintinguntilitwasfinished.我原本不想在画还没有完成时就让她看。,Ihadintendedtodoit,butImafraidIforgot.我本打算去做的，但很遗憾，我忘了。Theyintendthattheplan(should)beputintopracticewithinthisyear.他们打算在今年内实行该计划。Thedictionaryisintendedforchildren.这本字典是给小孩用的。,教材原句Yourealwaysgoingoffwithmypossessionsandnotgivingthemback.你总拿走我的物品并且不把它们还给我。bepossessedof具有(品质、能力等)possesssbofsth使某人拥有某物beinpossessionof拥有(主语为人),beinthepossessionof(某物)为(某人)所拥有/控制havesthinonespossession拥有某物have/takepossessionof占有comeintosbspossession为某人所拥有,Charleswaspossessedofasoundintellectandahappymanner.查尔斯具有健全的智力和得体的举止。Jackisinpossessionofthekeys.ThekeysareinthepossessionofJack.ThekeysareinJackspossession.这串钥匙归杰克所有。,Thepolicetookpossessionofhishouseandcar.警方拥有他的房子与车子。Whenherfatherdied，shecameintopossessionofalargefortune.她父亲去世时，她继承了一大笔财产。注意possession作“财产，私有物品”讲时，常用复数形式。inpossessionof的主语常常是人；inthepossessionof的主语常常是物。,题组集训.品句填词1Thearmydistributes(分配)itselfoverthewholearea.2Ihaveanacquaintance(熟悉)withthelanguage.3Thisbookisintended(打算)forchildren.4Thefinancecompanynowhaspossession(拥有)ofthehouse.5Peopleoftenremark(谈论)onhowalikeJohnandMalcolmlook.,6Acommitteehasbeenappointed(任命)toinvestigatethesecomplaints.7Asanurseinthewarshewasexposed(暴露)tomanydangers.8Womenstillhavetofaceagreatdealofprejudice(偏见)intheworkplace.9Nutrition(营养)andexerciseareessentialtofitnessandhealth.10Forreasonsofsecurity(安全)，allluggagemustbesearched.,.单项填空1Weusually_typesofcharacterasgoodorbad.AtreatBregardCclassifyDconsider解析句意：我们通常把性格的类型分为善与恶。classify表示“分类”，符合句意。答案C,2Alargesumofmoneyhasbeen_forrebuildingschoolsaftertheearthquake,andthemoneywillbe_amongschoolsinthearea.Agiven;distributedBassigned;distributedCdistributed;allocatedDallocated;distributed解析句意：地震后划拨了一大笔钱用于学校重建，这笔钱将在该地的学校中分配。distribute“分配，散发”；allocate“划拨，拨给”；assign“分派(工作、任务)或委派(某人担任某职务)”。答案D,3ThecarTomwas_wasonce_hisuncle.Ainpossessionof;inthepossessionofBinthepossessionof;inpossessionofCinpossessionof;inpossessionofDinthepossessionof;inthepossessionof解析inpossessionof意为“拥有”；inthepossessionof意为“为所拥有”。答案A,4Ilistenedtoher_thepaintingwithinterest.AtoremarkBtoremarkonCremarkonDremarking解析首先listento宾语dosth/doingsth/done，所以排除A、B两项。另外，remarkon意为“评论”，所以选C。答案C,5Idliketogotothecinemawithyou,Dad.Sorry,mydarling,butthisfilmis_foradultsonly.AadmittedBintendedCallowedDagreed解析答句句意：这部电影是专门给成年人看的。beintendedfor本来打算给的。答案B,6ItdoesntmakeanysenseforthePrimeMinisterto_abankertothispost.AchooseBelectCappointDselect解析句意：总理任命一个银行家担任这个岗位真是令人不解。appointsbto.“任命某人担任”。答案C,7Becarefulwhenyoudealwiththischemical,asitwillexplodewhen_tosunlight.AbeingexposedBtoexposeCexposingDexposed解析考查非谓语动词。句意：当你处理这种化学物品时要小心，因为当它暴露在阳光下时会爆炸。后半句是“asitwillexplodewhenitisexposedtosunlight”的省略形式，it与expose之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。答案D,8Progresshasbeenmadetowardsapolitical_betweenthetwonations.AcompositionBcompromiseCpromiseDcommerce解析composition“作文”；compromise“妥协，和解，谅解”；promise“诺言”；commerce“商业，贸易”。根据句意，可知选B项。答案B,9_the_ofbuyingahouse,itcostslittletorentahouse.AComparedto;feeBComparingwith;chargeCComparingto;fareDComparedwith;expense,解析句意：与买房相比，租房的费用要少。compare的逻辑主语是“torentahouse”，两者构成被动关系，故用compared;fee强调“学费，律师费等费用”；charge强调“提供服务时索取的费用”；fare强调“车船费等”；expense强调“实际支付的费用总数额”。根据句意可知D项正确。答案D,10Theorganization_foodandblanketsamongthepeopleintheareahitheavilybysnowstorms.AprovidedBcalculatedCdistributedDcontributed解析由句意“该组织在这一地区的人们中间分发食物和毛毯”可知，此处应用distribute.among.在中进行分配。答案C,重点短语教材原句Frictionbetweenthefamilyrunbusinessandthemilitarygovernmentfirstbecameseriouswhentheownerwouldnthandoverhis“secretrecipe”当秘方拥有者不肯交出他的“秘方”时，家族企业与军事政府之间的分歧首次变得严重起来。,handback交还handdown传下来，传给handin交上去(给老师或上级)handout分发，散发Thispairofearringswashandeddownfrommygrandmother.这对耳环是我祖母传下来的。,Thelandwashandedbacktoitsoriginalowner.那块土地被归还给了原主。Heishandingouttheexecisebooks.他在发练习本。Tomhashandedinhisresignation.汤姆提交了辞职信。,教材原句Shellcallonyouthisafternoon.她今天下午要来见你。callat参观、拜访某地callfor要求；需要；去接某人；去拿某物callup打电话；使想起；使回忆起callin召集；请；要求退回、收回calloff决定取消；下令停止callback叫回；回电话,Yourlettercallsupthedayswhenweworkedtogetheronthedocks.你的来信使我回忆起我们一起在码头上工作的日子。Thefootballmatchwascalledoffbecauseofthesnow.由于下雪，足球比赛取消了。Thissortofworkcallsforalotofpatience.这种工作需要极大的耐性。Carswithseriousfaultshavebeencalledinbythemanufacturers.有严重缺陷的汽车已被制造商召回。,教材原句Youshouldputforwardsolutionsand.你应当提出解决的办法并且putaside节省；储蓄；储存putaway将收回(放好)；积蓄putback放回；拨回putdown记下；镇压putoff延期，推迟,Heputforwardaconstructivesuggestion.他提出了一个建设性的建议。Hernamewasputforwardasthebestforthejob.她被推荐为这项工作的最佳人选。Puttheclockforward5minutes.把表拨快5分钟。,教材原句Doyoushoutatthewaiter,sendforthemanagerandrefusetopayyourbill?你对侍者大喊大叫，叫人去找经理，并且拒绝付饭钱吗？sendaway解雇；发送掉；把打发走，送走sendoff邮寄，发送(物品)；给(某人)送行sendout发出(光、信号、声音等)；派遣；散发出(香味等)；寄出sendin提交；递送sendup发射sendsb/sthdoingsth使做某事,Hewassentawayfromschool.他被学校开除了。Illsendyouoffatthestationintheflesh.我要亲自到车站为你送行。Tiangong1wassentupsuccessfully.天宫一号成功发射。Aslightpushwillsendyoufloatingawayinspace.在太空，轻轻的一推就会使你漂走。,教材原句Andwewilllookintothesubjectofcompensatingyouforyourinjury.我们将调查对你的伤害赔偿问题。,Therichmanlookeddownonhispoorerneighbors.那个有钱人看不起比他穷的邻居们。Whencrossingthestreet,lookoutforcars.过街时注意车辆。Wouldyoupleaselookthroughthepaperformeandseeifthereareanyobviousmistakes?您能给我浏览一下这篇论文看看是否有明显错误吗？,1Howdiditcomeaboutthatheknewwherewehadbeen?2Atthelastmeetingseveralimportantplanswereputforward.3EventuallyMr.Blackgaveinandacceptedthejobontheirterms.4Leavethehouseinnotime,orIllsendforthepolice.5Itwashardtokeepthestoregoingduringthedepression,butheheldonandatlastmetwithsuccess.,.单项填空1Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoon_thecaseofthetwomissingchildren.AlookuponBlookafterClookintoDlookout解析句意：据报道警察将很快调查两个失踪孩子的案件。lookinto“调查，研究”符合语境。lookuponlookon常和as搭配，意为“把看作”；lookafter照料，照看；lookout当心，注意。答案C,2Oh,MyGod!Illbelateagain.Nohurry,mydarling.Theclock_byanhour.AhasbeenputbackBhasstruckChasbeenputforwardDhasputdown解析最后一句句意：钟已被拨快了一个小时。putforward“把拨快”，A、B两项不符合句意，D项不符合短语搭配。答案C,3Spendingsomuchtimedoingsportsis_Tomsstudies.AholdingonBholdingupCholdingbackDholdingout解析holdon等一等，坚持下去；holdup阻挡，使延误；holdback阻挡，阻碍；holdout维持，坚持。句意：汤姆在体育运动上花了那么多的时间，这影响了他的学业。根据句意应选C。答案C,4Thismorningsomeone_fromdowntownandaskedtoseemeattwooclock.AcalledoutBcalledonCcalledforDcalledup解析句意：今天早上有人从市里打电话来，要求在两点钟时来看我。callup“打电话”，符合句意。callout“大喊”；callfor“需要”；callon“号召”。答案D,5Ifyoucant_thedifficultyyourself,IwillaskTomtohelpyou.AmakeoutBsortoutCfigureoutDpickout解析在此句中，所填空白处的意思应为“解决”。makeout理解；sortout解决；figureout计算出；pickout挑选出。答案B,重点句型,Hadthey.adrummer为一种倒装省略形式，补全应为Iftheyhadknown.，即省去了if，且把had提前，本句为对过去情况的一种假设，为虚拟语气。含有should，were，had的虚拟条件句，常可以省略if，将should，were，had提前。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt而置于句首。,HadIknownthetruth，Iwouldnthavescoldedhim.我要是知道真相，就不会责备他了。WereIyou，Iwouldacceptthejob.我要是你，我就接受这份工作。Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldntdomorningexercises.如果明天下雨，我们就不做早操了。,本句中“nosooner.than.”意义为“一就”，前面的分句动词时态为过去完成时，后面的分句动词时态为一般过去时，如果nosooner置于句首，则该分句要用部分倒装。类似的句式还有：hardly.when./scarcely.when./hardly.before.，都表示“一就”。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。,Scarcelyhadsheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.她一进屋电话就响了。注意在上述句型中主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。,(1)seldom是否定副词，当它置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把be动词、情态动词或助动词提到主语之前。(2)否定词前置引起倒装的类型否定副词置于句首：not，never，neither，nor，rarely，hardly，little等。,一些具有否定意义的介词短语置于句首：innoway，bynomeans，nosooner，atnotime，onnoaccount，in/undernocircumstances，innocase，onnocondition等。,Neverhastherebeensomuchprotestagainstthenuclearbomb.这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未有过。Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.他对这个会议的重要性不甚了解。Onnoaccountmustyouacceptanymoneyifheoffersit.他如果给你钱，你可绝不能接受。,题组集训.完成句子1我开始理解她为什么发火了。Icametoanunderstandingwhyshewasangry.2我是在这个房间遇到她的。ItwasintheroomthatImether.3我刚一到家，就下起雨来。NosoonerhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.,4如果你早点告诉我真相，我就不会责备你了。Ifyouhadtoldmethetruthearlier,Iwouldnothavescoldedyou.5他不但自己的功课很好，还常帮别人补习功课。Notonlydoeshedowellinhislessons,butalsoheoftenhelpsotherswiththeirlessons.,.单项填空1Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeech_thestudentsstartedcheering.AsinceBasCwhenDthan解析句意：他刚做完演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。本题考查固定句式。nosooner往往与than连用，意为：一就。故答案为D项。答案D,2HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram，ahugeamountoftimeandenergy_.AwouldhavebeensavedBhadbeensavedCwillbesavedDwassaved解析考查虚拟语气。从前面HadIknownabout.知，此处是If条件句对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句用should/would/could/mighthavedone结构，故排除B、C和D项，选A项。答案A,3Thisisthefirsttimewe_afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.AseeBhadseenCsawDhaveseen解析the序数词time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时，由参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时，选D。答案D,4_fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.AWouldyoubeBShouldyoubeCCouldyoubeDMightyoube解析虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were，should或had时，可省略if，再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。句意：万一你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他福利也不会马上被取消。答案B,5Rarely_likeplayingthepianowhenhewasaboy.AhedoesBdoesheCdidheDhedid解析因为否定词rarely位于句首，且时间状语从句是过去时态，所以要把助动词did提前构成部分倒装。答案C,见Word版语法专练,.说明文类完形填空题解题技巧(一)命题探究在说明文类完形填空题中，作者一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象，如某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动，然后按照从时间、空间、事情发展的顺序，再运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等一定的方式进行介绍或说明。说明文类完形填空常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象，一个产品的制作过程，一种产品的使用方法，某项科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。,对于这一类型的完形填空，就考生而言最重要的是要抓住作者说明的中心。说明文所呈现的方式往往较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点，这类文章的每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以考生一般要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。,(二)技巧点拨1通过短文抓主旨一般情况下，短文首句不设空，这为窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论和点睛之处，所以抓住开篇具有启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。,2精读短文析文章应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和“词不离句，句不离文”的原则，逐项填空，要吃透文章，理解到位，应做到以下几点：第一，从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在的联系。第二，从词汇意义及用法、惯用方式和搭配角度去考虑，准确判断。第三，从逻辑推理、常识等角度，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含的意义。第四，从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。,3复读全文核答案在做完一篇完形填空后，应从头到尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再进行调整，尽可能少出错。,典题示例(2012全国卷)Bodylanguageisthequiet，secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall！Itspeaks36thanwords.Accordingtospecialists，ourbodiessendoutmore37thanwerealize.Infact，nonverbalcommunication(非言语交际)takesupabout50%ofwhatwereally38.Andbodylanguageisparticularly39whenweattempttocommunicateacrosscultures(文化)Indeed，whatiscalledbodylanguageisso40apartofusthatitsactuallyoftenunnoticed.,Andmisunderstandingsoccurasaresultofit.41，differentsocietiestreatthe42betweenpeopledifferently.NorthernEuropeansusuallydonotlikehaving43contact(接触)evenwithfriends，andcertainlynotwith44.PeoplefromLatinAmericancountries，45，toucheachotherquitealot.Therefore，itspossiblethatin46，itmaylooklikeaLatinois47aNorwegianallovertheroom.TheLatino，tryingtoexpressfriendship，willkeepmoving48.TheNorwegian，veryprobablyseeingthisaspushiness，willkeep49whichtheLatinowillinreturnregardas50.,Clearly，agreatdealisgoingonwhenpeople51.Andonlyapartofitisinthewordsthemselves.Andwhenpartiesarefrom52cultures，theresastrongpossibilityof53.Butwhateverthesituation，thebest54istoobeytheGoldenRule：treatothersasyouwouldliketobe55.,36A.straighterBlouderCharderDfurther37A.soundsBinvitationsCfeelingsDmessages38A.hopeBreceiveCdiscoverDmean39A.immediateBmisleadingCimportantDdifficult40A.wellBfarCmuchDlong,41A.ForexampleBThusCHoweverDInshort42A.tradeBdistanceCconnectionsDgreetings43A.eyeBverbalCbodilyDtelephone44A.strangersBrelativesCneighboursDenemies45A.inotherwordsBontheotherhandCinasimilarwayDbyallmeans,46A.troubleBconversationCsilenceDexperiment47A.disturbingBhelpingCguidingDfollowing48A.closerBfasterCinDaway49A.