人教版初中英语语法-被动语态.ppt

中考语法精讲被动语态,我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？,苹果被,苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。,英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,谓语speak的动作是由主语we执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。,两种语态,Englishisspokenbymanypeople.,主语,谓语,宾语,被动语态,主语English是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.我们每天打扫教室。,主动语态,Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们的教室每天被打扫。,被动语态,英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。二、被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化,1）.一般现在时am/is/are+done,Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.,Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.,2）.一般过去时was/were+done,Hemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.,3）.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone,Theywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.,4）.现在完成时has/have+beendone,Jimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.,5）.含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/should+bedone,Icanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.,三、被动语态的用法,1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。,Thewindoewasbrokenlastnight.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.每年都应该种更多的树。,2.强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.,3.动作不是由人发出的。,许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.,四、主动语态变被动语态的方法,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by,主动语态,被动语态,1.Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.,2.Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.,Be要随着主语变,逻辑主语by来引,Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.,Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.,Exercise:WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.,ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.,Exercise:Heboughtsomefruitsyesterday.,Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（主语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语）（宾语）,说明：（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。,主动语态中，使役动词（make,let,have）,感官动词（see,hear,watch,feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to.Isawhimopenthedoorjustnow.刚才我看见他进屋了（主动语态）Hewasseentoopenthedoorjustnow.,补充部分,2.主动结构表被动意义,open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。,Thiskindofshirtsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.,cost,fit,agreewith(气候，食物等适合于）使用主动表被动。Thebookcostsmetwentyyuan.,3.系动词没有被动形式look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.,3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.,4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。,happen,takeplace,breakout,have,belongto.,课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.,Treesareplanted,Theletterwasposted,Iwasgiven,Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin,Aletterisgoingtobewritten,1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold,A,C,A,4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken,D,C,B,C,8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt,B,D,A,C,12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout,B,C,A,D,16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobec