主要英语国家概况chapter 7精选ppt课件.ppt

Ireland.,Chapter7,WhatdoyouknowaboutIreland?,Itmaybeatinycountry,butitisacountrywithrichculture.,Ireland,IrelandisanislandatthewesternedgeofEurope.,Irelandhastwoseparatejurisdictions.,RepublicofIrelandCapital:DublinPopulation:4.3millionCurrency:EuroNorthernIrelandCapital:BelfastPopulation:1.7millionCurrency:PoundEnglishandIrishisspokeninbothROIandNI.,GeographyandClimate,Aringofcoastalmountainssurroundslowcentralplains.Theislandhasamildoceanicclimate.ItrainsalotinIreland,makingeverythingverygreen.Itisoftencalled“TheEmeraldIsle.”,Green:CatholicsOrange:ProtestantsWhite:thehopeforpeacebetweenthetwogroups.,IrishHistory,9000yearsagoIrelandwascoveredinice.AndtheIceAgeended.StoneagepeoplearrivedfromEuropeabout8000BC.Agriculture(farming)beganabout4000BC.,TheCelts,TheCelticraceofpeoplearrivedfromEuropetoIrelandbetween800-100BC.IrelandbecameaCelticcountry.ItwasfromthistribalpeoplethatthemodernIrishlanguagecamefromandIrishidentityisfoundedupon.,Christianity,ChristianitybegantoarriveinIrelandfromabout431ADonwards.TheCeltsadoptedthenewreligion.St.PatrickiscreditedwithbringingthereligiontoIrelandandSt.PatricksdayiscelebratedonMarch17theveryyear.,Vikingraiders.,VikingsfromtheScandinaviancountries(Norway,Sweden,Denmark)beganraidingtownsandmonasteriesontheIrishcoastsinthe9thCentury.TheVikingsespeciallyraidedChristianmonasterieswhereprecioustreasuresandgoodscouldbestolen.ThemonksbuilttallroundtowerstohideinwhentheVikingsattacked.LatertheVikingsbegantosettleinIrelandandbuildporttownssuchasDublin.,TheNormans,Normanscameinthe12thcenturyandbuiltcastlesalloverthecountryandfoundedmanytowns.Overmanyyearsthedivisionbetweenthe3(Celts,NormansandVikings)disappearedandtheybecameasingleIrishrace,speakingtheIrishlanguageandlivingtheIrishwayoflife.NormancastlescanbefoundacrossIreland.,ThestartofBritishruleinIreland.,In1171KingHenry2ofEnglandcametoIrelandtoclaimsovereigntyoverIreland.HoweverinrealityEnglishcontrolwasonlymaintainedinDublin.Therestofthecountrycontinuedtobeawildplace,whichremainedunderthecontroloftheIrishkings.,OliverCromwell,OliverCromwellwontheCivilwarinEngland.HewasdeterminedtobringIrelandunderhiscontrol.HeconqueredallofIrelandby1652.,TheGreatFamine1845-1850,ThestapledietoftheIrishpeopleatthistimewasthepotato.ThepotatowasalmostentirelyreleyeduponbyIrishpeople.ManypeoplediedoremigratedtoAmerica.Sincethe1840semigrationbecameapartofIirshlifeupuntilthelate1990s.,Emigration,Peoplelefttofindabetterlifeandgoodjobsinothercountries.ThestrugglewithEnglandandapooreconomywasthecauseofsomanyleaving.ThepopulationofIrelandhasalwaysbeensmallasaresultandtodayisonly6million.,The1916Rising(EasterREBELLION),The1916RisingwasthestartoftheWarofIndependenceagainstEngland.IndependencewasdeclaredbyIrishVolunteersattheGeneralPostOffice(GPO).In2006theIrishGovernmentcelebrated90yearssincetheRising.,IndependenceandthedivisionofIreland.,MichaelCollinshadledthewareffortagainstBritain.Anglo-IrishTreatywassignedaftertheWarofIndependencein1921.HoweverthepeopleofNorthernIrelanddidnotwanttoseparatefromEnglandandsotheyremainedpartoftheUnitedKingdom(UK).,Top:EamonnDeValerawhorejectedtheTreatyandledtheanti-treatymovement.Bottom:MichaelCollinswhodefendedtheTreaty.,CivilwarinIreland1921-1923,AlmosthalfoftheIrishpeoplerefusedtoaccepttheTreaty.MostIrishpeoplevotedinfavouroftheTreaty,wishingtoendviolenceandallowNorthernIrelandtoremainpartoftheUK.CivilwarstartedbetweenthetwoIrishsidesintheRepublicofIreland.Theanti-treatymovementwasledbyEamonnDevalera.,IrishEconomy/CelticTiger,Irelandseconomyhadmanyproblemsforalongtime.Thischangedinthe1990swhentheperiodnamedTheCelticTigerbegan.Emigrationended.ManyIrishpeoplereturnedandalsomanyforeignersbegantoworkinIreland,especiallyfromEasternEuropeancountriessuchasPoland.TheSpireofDublinsymbolisesmodernisationandgrowingprosperityinIreland.,SportinIreland.,Irelandhasarichsportingculture.IrelandhastwonationalsportsnativetoIreland.Hurling.Gaelicfootball.CrokeParkinDubliniswhereallmajorsportingeventsarecurrentlyplayed.Itisthe4thlargeststadiuminEurope.,Hurling,Hurlingisagameplayedbytwoteamsof15playerseach.Eachplayerhasawoodenstick.Playershitasmallhardleatherballandtrytoscoreintheopponentsgoal.Itisthefastestfieldsportintheworldandaveryexcitingsporttowatch.,GaelicFootball,GaelicFootballisdifferentfromnormalfootballbecauseplayerscanusetheirhands.Thereare15playersoneachteam.Theplayingfieldismuchlargerthanasoccerfield.,Rugbyandfootball,RugbyandfootballarenotIrishsportsbutarebothverypopular.Rugbyisaveryphysicalsportplayedwithanovalball.ThereisaverystrongrugbytraditioninIreland.,Football,FootballisverypopularinIreland.BecausefootballismuchbiggerinEngland,mostofIrelandsbestplayersplayforEnglishclubssuchasManchesterUnitedorLiverpool.TheyreturntoIrelandonlytoplayinternationalmatchesforIreland.,IrishCuisine,Thepotatohasalwaysbeen,andstillis,themainfoodtogowithmealseachday.TheIrishstewisatraditionalIrishmeal.Itismadefrommutton,potatoes,onions,carrotandparsley.,FullIrishBreakfast,sausages,pudding,bacon,egg,beans,toast,orangejuice,teaorcoffee.,Guinness健力士黑啤酒,GuinnessisatypeofbeerfromIreland.ItisveryfamousandtheGuinnessbreweryinDublinisatouristattraction,Culture,CustomsandTradition,Irelandhasarichculture.EveryMarch17ththepeoplecelebrateSt.Patricksday.ParadesareheldineveryIrishtown.OnSt.Patricksdaypeopleweargreenclothes.,TheNationalHolidayisMarch17,St.PatricksDay,namedafterthePatronSaintofIreland.,(Photofrom:/),StPatricksDaycelebrations.,PeopleinIrelandspeakEnglish,butafewstillspeakGaelic.Youmighthearsomeonesay“EringoMostbragh”onSt.PatricksDay,whichisGaelicfor“Irelandforever.”,TheshamrockisanothersymbolofIreland.ItisalwayswornonSt.PatricksDay.,Irishdancing,Irishdancingisanoldpopulardance.Dancersdonotmovetheirarms,butkeepthemattheirsides.DancersmovetheirlegsinfastrhythmwithIrishmusic.Riverdance,Riverdance大河之舞,大河之舞犹如一部叙述爱尔兰祖先与大自然抗争，以及经历战争、饥荒等种种苦难后流离失所，重建家园的长篇血泪史诗。自1994年首演以来便炙手可热，并且引燃了全球的踢踏舞热潮，更是被全球艺评人一致推崇为当代最具爱尔兰民族风格的经典音乐剧，全剧精心动魄的庞大制作令人叹为观止!,IrishMusic,MusicanddancewerethemainformsofentertainmentinIrelandinthepast.Traditionalmusiciansoftenhavesessionsinthecornerofapub.Peoplewouldsingalong,danceandenjoyabeerinthepubafterwork.Thesesessionsareabigtouristattractionforforeigners.,.html?loc=youce_tuijian,Theharp竖琴isasymbolofIreland.ItcanbeseenonthepresidentialflagandonthebackoftheIrishEurocoin.,TheBanjoandtheBodhrandrum,Popularmusictoday,Irelandhasalotofmodernmusiciansthatareverypopularinternationally.Theyincluderockbands,popgroupsandsingers.Westlife,TheCorrs.,OtherpopularartistsincludeU2,EnyaandSineadOConnor,Enya,Singer,instrumentalistandcomposer,sineadoconnor辛妮欧康纳thesuperstarinthe1990sShehasalwaysdonewhatshewantsto.ShedeclinedtoaccepttheawardsofGrammyfourtimes,u2,Theyhavebeenpopularfrom1980stonow.,TheBestof1990-2000,WithorWithoutYou,IStillH