动词(A).doc

英语动词（A）add in，add to，add up和 add up to1. add in 包括2. add to 增加3. add up加起来 4. add up to 加起来等于，总计。如： The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为1000美元。 Advise 和persuadeAdvise sb. to do 劝告某人去做Advise sb. not to do劝告某人不去做Advise sb. against doing劝告某人不去做Persuade sb. to do说服某人去做Persuade sb. into doing说服某人去做answer 和 reply 这两个词都表示“回答”，意义有所不同： 1、answer用法较广泛，可指口说或笔写的答复，answer (sb.), 用作及物或不及物动词：I called, but no one answered. 2、reply指较正式的、经过考虑后的答复，reply to sb., 用作不及物动词： I replied to him at once. 我马上回复了他。rise, raise, arise和arouse 1、rise (vi)roserisen升起 The sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。2、raise (vt)raisedraised举起 He raised his right hand. 他举起了右手。3、arise (vi)arosearisen出现 A new problem may arise.可能会出现一个新问题。4、arouse (vt)arousedaroused唤起 Your words aroused my interest. 你的话唤起了我的兴趣。arrive, reach和get to 1、arrive表示“到达某地”时，后面要接介词，到达的地方范围较大时多用in, 地方较小时多用at： We arrived in Paris ( France，Europe). We arrived at the station ( my native town, the office) 2、reach后面直接跟表示地点的词：He reached London. 3、get to是口头用语：What time shall we get to Shanghai? believe sb.和believe in sb. believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话是真的）believe in sb.信任某人 I believe him, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他（所说的话是真的），但我不信任他。in，put on，wear，dress, have on 和 pull on 都含有“穿、戴”之意，但用法不同。in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。例如：This young man is in a black coat. 这年轻人穿着黑色外套。put on “穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如：I want you to put on this coat and this hat.我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。pull on的意思也是“穿上”，带有“匆忙”的意思：Youre late! Quickly pull on your clothes and leave! 你迟到了！快穿上衣服走吧！wear “穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如：Why does he often wear dark sunglasses? 他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜？dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。例如：My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿着毛皮大衣。dress up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。have on的意思是“穿着，戴着”， be good at，be good to 和be good for Young children are good at crying.小孩善哭。be good to sb（对人友好、好处）Reading is good to people.阅读对人有好处。be good for sth（对物有好处）Water is good for all living plants.水对所有生物都有好处。be known for, be known as, be known by 和 be known tobe known as 什么样的名人 She is known as a singer.be known for 因什么而出名She is known for her great voice.be known by 在什么人中有名 He is known by his classmates as a singer.be known to 做什么出名 He is known to eat a lot. be made in 在某地制造be made by由某人制造be made for为某人制作be made into 被制造成be made to do被迫做be made of由。制造be made from由。制造be made of “由构成”，能看出原材料，像桌子由木头制成，刀子由铁或金属制成，很明显看出原材料，如： The sweater is made of wool. 毛衣是羊毛作的(可以看出羊毛的) be made from “由构成、制成成品”，被制成的东西看不出原材料，像纸是由木头制成的，这就看不出。 如：The paper is made from the wood. 纸是树木作的(看不出来树木的)Be made in 在某地被制作These computers are made in China.Be made by 由某人制作These computers are made by Chinese.Be made for 为某人制作These computers are made for Chinese scientist.Be made into 被制作成Wood is made into paper.Be made out of 用。制成Paper is made out of wood.Be made to do 被迫做They are made to stand there.be used for, be used as, be used to doing, be used to do 和used to dobe used for doing 用来做 如：The pen is used for writing. 钢笔是用来写字的。be used as 用来作 The house is used as my bedroom.这个房子用作我的卧室。be used to doing sth习惯做某事She is used to getting up early. 她已习惯早起。be used to do 被用来做Money is used to buy things but not everything.钱是用来买东西的，但不是一切东西。used to do sth过去曾做某事Usednt you to like her?=Didnt you use to like her？ 你以前不是很喜欢她吗？I used to hate Tom，but I am used to having him around now。 get used to “习惯”，有时带点被迫的意思。be strict in和be strict withbe strict in+事物We should be strict in (doing) our work.对工作我们应该严格要求。而be strict with+人His father is strict with him他父亲对他严格要求。 borrow和lendborrow 表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。 We often borrow books from our school library. 我们经常从学校图书馆借书。 borrow 是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。 You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 ) lend 表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的借出去。 Thank you for lending your bike to me. = Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。 lend 与 borrow 一样，也是一个瞬间完成的 动作，不能与一段时间连用。 keep 的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时间段连用。 I have kept this book for only one week. 这本书我才刚借了一星期。bring和takebring意为“带来；拿来”，表示从别的地方将某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来(由远而近)。例如：Please ask Uncle Tom to bring you here in August.take与bring的意思相对，意为“带去；拿去”，指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走或拿走(由近而远)。例如：Remember to take your books when you leave.fetch意为“去拿来；去请来”(由近而远，再由远而近，指往返动作)。例如：Can you fetch some more water for me?carry 指“随身携带”(如搬，提，拿，扛，抬，抱，背，带等)， She carried her baby in her arms. 她把婴儿抱在怀里。I never carry much money (with me). 我(身上)从不带很多钱。call in, call on, call at, call for和call upcall in 作请来、找来、召来解，请人来作某种专业的咨询或帮忙的意思。如：Your father is ill, you should call in a doctor at once.你父亲病了，应该马上去请个大夫来。call on和call at的意思一样，都是拜访访问，但call on后接表示人的名词或代词，call at 后接表示地点或场所的词语。试比较：I called on the Smiths yesterday.我昨天拜访了史密斯一家人。I called at the Smiths yesterday.我昨天去了史密斯家。另外，call on还可以号召，后面往往接动词不定式作宾语补主语。call for 有几个不同的意思：1作要求、需要、提倡解.call up是打电话之意，相当于ring up或telephone或phone。 如：Ill call you up tomorrow.我明天给你打电话。hear和listen to hear只是强调听见了，指声音传进了耳朵。 listen to的意思是集中注意力，尽量听清楚。例如：Listen to me please.请听我说。 I can hear you.我能听到你说话。 hear of 听说 hear from 收到来信(电) hear sb do/doing 听到某人做I heard him singing. 我听到他唱歌。hear sth done/being done听到某事被做I heard him praised. 我听到他被表扬。discover和inventdiscover指初次看见本来已存在但以前未被发现的事物，故作“发现”解。如：Columbus discovered America but he did not explore the new continent哥伦布发现了美洲，可是他没有去探索这个新大陆。invent是指创造前所未有的事物，故作“发明”解。例：Edison invented the electric light bulb爱迪生发明了电灯泡。有时候，invent还可作“捏造”解。例：We must invent an excuse for being late我们必须编造一个迟到的理由。join, join in, take part in 和attend1) 加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，用join，不可用join in。如： 入团 join the League入党 join the Party参军 join the army join还可解释为“连接”。如： The railway joined the two cities. 铁路把两个城市连接起来了。 2) 说参加某种活动用join in，如说“与其他人一起做某事”，则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如： May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ Come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧！ 3)take part in参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度起一份作用。如： Do you want to take part in an English evening? 你想参加一个英语晚会吗？ 【注意】take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。如： Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。 attend主要用于参加比较重要的场合与会议 1.出席,参加He did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他没有参加会议。 2.上(大学等),前往The school was attended almost entirely by local children. 上这个学校读书的几乎全是当地的孩子。 3.照料;护理;侍候There was no one to attend him but Tina. 除了蒂娜,再无人照顾他了。 look, see, watch和 readlook为不及物动词，指看的过程，表示有意识地集中精力去看，但并不一定能看见，多用来唤起别人的注意。其后接宾语时，一定要加介词at。如： Look！Who is swimming in the river？瞧！谁在河里游泳？ Please look at the blackboard请看黑板。 see用作及物动词，后接宾语，意为“看见”、“看到”，主要强调看的结果，但不一定是有意识地看。“看医生”、“看电影”常用这个词。如： I am looking at the blackboard，but I cant see the words我在看黑板，但看不见上面的字。 You must take your baby to see a doctor你必须带你的孩子去看医生。 We are going to see a film this afternoon今天下午我们打算去看电影。 watch为及物动词，意为“观看”、“注视”，指非常仔细地、有目的、全神贯注地“看”。“看电视”、“看比赛（实验以及各种表演等）”习惯上用这个词。如： They are watching a football game他们正在看足球比赛。 read本义为“读”、“朗读”。表达“看书”、“看报”、“看信”、“看杂志”时，通常用read。如： Wang Hong is reading the letter from her mother王红正在看她妈妈的来信。 Dont read in the sun不要在阳光下看书look for和findlook for:意为“寻找”，表动作过程，不表结果。find：意为“找到，发现”，表动作结果。Im looking for my pen but I cant find it.我正在找我的钢笔,但找不到。find out：意为“找到，发现，查出”，一般用于发现真理、奥秘等抽象事物 Please find out when the first class begins.请查一下第一节课什么时候开始。receive和acceptreceive表示 “收到”Ive received your invitation.我已经收到了你的邀请。accept表示 “接受”Ive accepted your invitation.我接受了你的邀请。speak, tell, say和 talk say一般作及物动词用，着重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词，代词或宾语从句。 说东西给某人听： say sth to sb He can say his name. 他会说他的名字。 Please say it in English. 请用英语说。 Shes saying, “Dont draw on the wall.”她在说“别在墙上画”。 speak强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容 。作及物动词时，常以某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时，常见的搭配形式有： Speak of sth / sb谈到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某人讲话，此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说。 Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗？ She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话。 He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话。 ta