英语教学论.docx

1, Communicative language learning (CLT)1，定义CLT is an approach to the teaching second and foreign language that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate(最终的) goal of learning a language，also can called as Functional Approach(功能法) or National Approach(意念法).2，优点(1), Attaches great importance to the actual needs of the students;(重视学生的实际需要 )(2), Attention to the cultivation of communicative competence, which is beneficial to students in a certain social environment properly using the target language for communication.(重视交际能力的培养，有利于学生在一定的社会环境中恰当地使用目的语进行交际)3，缺点(1) Its not easy to judge and ensure its function and thoughts.(2) Its not easy to compile(编写) textbook.2, Task-based language teaching (TBLT)1，定义Task-based language teaching (TBLT) refers to an approach based on the use of tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction in language.2，特点1, Emphasis -Target language2, Focus on the learning Process & language itself3, It is student-centered class4, It pays attention to real situations3，优点(1), can stimulate students interest,2(2), students have more opportunities to express their own opinions and feelings.(3)，It can improve their exploration, participation, communication and cooperation ability. 4，缺点(1) The classroom efficiency is low.(2) It is difficult to guarantee the big class teaching task.(3) It is rely on teachers teaching ability and teaching level.3, The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching1, 背景Situational Language Teaching was originally called Oral Approach, which was developed by British applied linguists from the 1930s to 1960s; the two leaders of this movement were Harold Palmer and A.S. Hornby.2, 定义The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching is a language teaching method derived from the Direct Method and developed by British applied linguists between 1930s and 1960s. The Method is no longer in fashion, but some techniques from the Method can still be found in language teaching activities and especially in many textbooks.3, 目标(1) to teach a practical command of the four basic skills of language, through Structure.(2)accuracy in both pronunciation and grammar. (3) errors to be avoided.(4)automatic control of basic structures and sentence patterns through speech.4, 方法: Theory of Language Behaviorist habit-learning theory: Three conditions:1. Receiving knowledge and materials2. Fixing them in memory by repetition3. Using them in actual practiceLearning language is to learn speech habitsUse of blind imitative drills5, 角色Learner roles: Listen and repeat / more active participationTeacher roles: Serves as a model, Conductor of an orchestraThe roles of instructional materials: SLT is dependent on both a textbook and visual aids.1. Begin with spoken English, oral before written form2. The target language is the language of the classroom3. New language points: Introduced and practiced4. Selection: Cover the general service vocabulary5. Simple forms at first and then complex ones6. Rich vocabulary and basic grammar (Reading and Writing)6, 优点It strong emphasis on oral practice, grammar and sentence patterns conforms to the intuitions of many practically oriented classroom teachers.7, 缺点Children do not acquire their mother tongue through repetition and habit formation.8, 特点The essential features of SLT are seen in the P-P-P lesson model that thousands of teachers who studied for the RSA/ Cambridge Certificate in TEFL were required to master in the 1980s and early 1990s, with a lesson having three phrases: Presentation, Practice, and Production.4,The Audio-lingual Method1, 定义The Audio-lingual Method is a method of foreign language teaching which emphasizes the teaching of listening and speaking before writing and reading. 2，特点It uses dialogues as the main form of language presentation and drills as the main training techniques. Mother tongue is discouraged in the classroom.3，基本原则(1)Emphasis on the teaching of listening and speaking.(2)Use of dialogues as the chief means of presenting the language.(3)Mainly practice techniques: imitation, memorization, pattern drills. (4)Mother tongue is discouraged in the classroom.5,Total Physical Response (TPR)1，定义In the teaching activities, teacher creates a happy relaxed environment. Meanwhile students respond with whole-body actions.The right brain is silent, nonverbal, but it can make adaptation action to express them through instruction.2，特点TPR emphasizes the importance of listening and watching. The teacher issued instructions and they complete the action.This method is suitable for little children to study foreign language; as a result of they have interests for everything around them.3，优点TPR makes complex knowledge easier than before. For example, teachers can have a dialogue with our students and build the English context in order to simplify knowledge6，暗示法Suggestopedia定义：The approach was based on the effect of suggestion in learning, the concept of which is that positive suggestion would make the learner more receptive to stimulate learning特点1，To create a cheerful, relaxing atmosphere 2，The authoritative behavior of the teacher and the authority of the material3，Emphasis on memorization of vocabulary pairs4，Infantilization(稚化): Role playing games, songs and gymnastic exercises help students regain their self-confidence.5，Double-planeness: learners learn from the effect of direct instruction and the environment where the instruction takes place.优点Creating a relaxing and comfortable environmentReducing students pressure in learning language Avoid boredom and making class interestingImproving students motivation of learning缺点Not all teachers are qualified for this methodRequiring money to decorate the classroomThe number of students is limitedLasting a long time for teaching every day8，团体学习法Community Language Learning (CLL)1,定义Community Language Learning is an approach in which students work together to develop what aspects of a language they would like to learn. It is based on the Counseling-approach in which the teacher acts as a counselor and a paraphraser, while the learner is seen as a client and collaborator.2,特点(1)The CLL emphasizes the sense of community in the learning group, it encourages interaction as a vehicle of learning, and it considers as a priority the students feelings and the recognition of struggles in language acquisition. There is no syllabus or textbook to follow and it is the students themselves who determine the content of the lesson by means of meaningful conversations in which they discuss real messages. Notably, it incorporates translation, transcription, and recording techniques.(2)Students role-client(3)Teachers role-counselor3,优点A brave speakerNo fixed teaching materialsAcquire answer the questionsIntrospection4,缺点Demand too high on teacherRely on9，自然学习法The natural approach is a method of language teaching developed by Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It aims to foster naturalistic language acquisition in a classroom setting, and to this end it emphasizes communication, and places decreased importance on conscious grammar study and explicit correction of student errors. Efforts are also made to make the learning environment as stress-free as possible. In the natural approach, language output is not forced, but allowed to emerge spontaneously after students have attended to large amounts of comprehensible language input.优点(1)The classroom consisting of acquisition activitie