高中英语Module4sandstormsinAsia-grammar

Module4SandstormsinAsia-Grammar:Infinitive,动词不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,不定式的用法,不定式的句法功能1.作主语:往往放在谓语动词之后,用it作形式主语e.g.:Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.,作主语,Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.,Togiveupsmokingisright.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2.放弃吸烟是对的。,_withhimisagreatpleasure.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkedD.Totalking,本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况,动词不定式做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,其他三项都不能用来做主语.本句的意思是:跟他聊天是件很快乐的事.,2.作宾语:作宾语时如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。e.g.:Hewantedtogo.IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.,作宾语,Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.,Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.,1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2.他答应不告述任何人这事。,Ididnt_ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoing,本句的意思是:直到你解释了如何去做我才能做到成功。manage后面用todo形式作宾语。,3.做宾语补足语e.g.:Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。,作宾补,Sheaskedmetostayhere.,1.她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。,PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.,Thegovernmentcallsonus_ourproduction.A.IncreasedB.increasingC.IncreaseD.toincrease,本句意思是:政府号召我们增加生产。本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语,通常用语及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如:wantsbtodo,wishsbtodo,asksbtodo.,注意,有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二听）make,have,let（三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.,Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带上toe.g.:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.,4.作定语Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等时,不定式后面必须有相应的介词。,作定语,Doyouhaveanythingtosay?,1.你有什么要说的吗?,2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人,Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth,e.g.：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式即可以用主动语态,也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。,试比较：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？,Atlast,theyfoundahouse_.A.toleavehisthingswithB.toleavehisthingsinC.leavinghisthingsinD.leavinghisthings,本句的意思是:最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点,工具等时,不定式后面应有必要的介词。,5.作状语,表示目的,原因,结果或条件。e.g.:IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.,目的,原因,结果,条件,作状语,Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Imtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,6.作表语e.g.:Myjobistohelpthepatient.注意：主,表都是不定式,前者为条件,后者为目的或结果。Tolearnalanguageistouseit.,作表语,MyjobistoteachEnglish.,Toseeistobelieve.,1.我的工作是教英语。,2.眼见为实。,Mychiefpurposeis_thedifficultiesofthematter.A.pointingoutB.tobepointedC.pointedD.topointout,本句的意思是:我的主要目的是指出问题的难处.考查动词不定式做表语的情况。pointout是”指出”的意思。,注意,A.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.,Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.,Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.,注意,B.带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词。,Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.,Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?,注意,C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。,A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?,Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).,B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,1.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,Letstrysomemoreexercises.,2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,3._lateintheafternoon.Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep,4.Withalotofproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,5.Herwishis_adoctor.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome,1.不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生。e.g.:Isawhimgoout.(同时）Iplantoattendthemeeting.(之后）,不定式的时态和语态,2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用进行时。e.g.:Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Theyseemtobetalkingaboutsomethingimportant.(不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作总是同时发生的）,3.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就要用完成时。e.g.:Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Heseemstohaveseenthefilm.(不定式的动作在前）,4.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。e.g.:Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.Thisbookwassaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.,1.Tom_whentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassed,Haveatry,2.Alltheroomsinthehouserequire_.A.beingcleanedB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned,3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told,1.不定式在介词but,except,besides,otherthan后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do(非助动词)的各种形式时,那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,否则带to。,but+不定式的用法,e.g.:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Therewasnothingformetodootherthan（but)waituntilthemeetingwasover.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttowait.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.(无事可做只有做),2.当句子的谓语动词是cant,canthelp,cantchoose等结构时,but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。canthelpbutdo(不得不干;不可能不干某事)cantbutdo(禁不住，情不自禁)Wecantbutadmirehisbravery.Wecantchoosebutwait.SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcanthelpbutloveher.,注意:but作“除了以外”解时,若前面部分有do,did,done时,but之后接dosth.反之,后接todosth.Hecandonothingbutwait.Hewantednothingbuttoplayinthepark.,1.Sandycoulddonothingbut_tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit,Letstrysomeexercises,2.-Howdidyouspendyourweekend,Jone?-Ididntfindanythinginterestingforme_somewashinginsteadofmymother.A.butdidB.butdoC.butdoingD.buttodo,3.Thestudentsdidnothingexcept_alldaylong.A.playedB.playingC.playD.toplay,Puttheverbsinbracketsintothecorrectinfinitiveforms.Itisfrightening_(walk)intheroadinasandstorm.IhopeIreachhomesoon.2.Expertshope_(learn)moreaboutthemoveme