语言测试学第一单元ppt课件

.,Chapter1OverviewofLanguageTesting,.,Content,ThenatureoflanguagetestingTheaimoflanguagetestingTherelationshipbetweenlanguagetestingandteachingFourapproachesoflanguagetestingAlookatsomelarge-scaletestsofoverseaanddomestic,.,Thenatureoflanguagetesting,Languagetestingareinstrumentsusedtomeasurelanguageabilityoraptitude.Itisanindependentdisciplinewhichhasitsownresearchfieldandresearchmethodology.Itisaninterdisciplinaryintegrateddisciplinethatinvolveslinguistic,teachingmethodology,psychometrics.,.,Theaimoflanguagetesting,Testsmaybeconstructedprimarilyasdevicestoreinforcelearningandtomotivatethestudentorprimarilyasameansofassessingthestudentsperformanceinthelanguage.,.,Groupdiscussion:whatistherelationshipbetweenlanguagetestingandteaching?,.,Bothtestingandteachingaresocloselyinterrelatedthatitisvirtuallyimpossibletoworkineitherfieldwithoutbeingconstantlyconcernedwiththeother.Theproperrelationshipbetweentestingandteachingisthatofpartnership.,.,ArthurHughes认为，教学与测试是“伙伴关系”(partnership)(Hughes1989)。他说，“Theproperrelationshipbetweenteachingandtestingissurelythatofpartnership.Wecannotexpecttestingonlytofollowteaching.Whatweshoulddemandofit,however,isthatitshouldbesupportiveofgoodteachingand,wherenecessary,exertacorrectiveinfluenceonbadteaching.”(ArthurHughes2000),.,.,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,点击添加文本,Fourapproachesoflanguagetesting,Thestructualist-psychometricapproach,Thecommunicativeapproach,Theintegrativeapproach,Theessay-translationapproach,Before1950s,Early1950s-late1960s,1970s-eary1980s,1980s-now,.,Alookatsomelarge-scaletestsofoverseaanddomestic,PETSCET4,CET6TEM4,TEM8IELTSTOEFLGREGMATLSATBEC,.,CET6,.,Forwardlooks,纵观上述考试的设计宗旨和测试目的，我们可以归纳出以下几个特点：1.所有考试都旨在全面测量考生的语言水平，故无一遗漏地测试各主要单项语言能力（听说读写）。2.考试日趋注重对口语能力的测试，并且口试与笔试分开的时间间隔也越来越短；托福考试在实施了18年后于1981年推出托福口试；CET考试在开考12年后于1999年增加CET-SET考试，而在1999年开始正式实施的PETS考试，在推出时已包含了口语测试项目。,.,3.考试在测试考生接受性语言技能（receptive）的同时，更加注重评价他们的产出性语言技能（productiveskills)，所以在题型选择上绝大多数采用多样化的形式，既有多项选择题，又有其他形式，如简答题、填空题、匹配题、翻译题、写作题等。4.考试不仅考虑到信度（如分数的可靠性），而且更加注重其效度（是否达到预期测试目标等）。增加口语/写作考试和多种题型有机组合都是为了能够考核学生综合运用英语进