金融英语重点词汇.docx

金融英语重点词汇Management资产/负债管理:The nature of the liabilities dictates the investment strategy a financial institution will pursueAbsolute return绝对收益:It is simply the return realizedAnnuity年金:It is often described as a mutual fund in an insurance wrapper. It is treated as an insurance product and as a result receives a preferential tax treatment. Specifically, the income and realized gains are not taxable if not withdrawn from the annuity product. It can be either fixed, or variable. Administrator - The Administrator is the head of the regulatory body in New Brunswick.Bank assurance 银行保险:Insurance companies are attracted by commercial bank customer contacts. As a result, commercial bank distribution of insurance company products has grown considerably.Back-end load后端费用:It is imposed at the time fund shares are sold .It is a Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). This approach imposes a gradually declining load on withdrawal.Breakpoint分界点:The sales charge for a fund applies to most, even very small, investments. For large investment, however, the sales charge may be reduced. The amount of investment needed to obtain a reduction in the sales charge is called a breakpoint.Board of directors董事会:The role of board of directors is to represent the fund shareholders. The board is composed of both “interested” (or “inside”) directors who are affiliated with the investment company (current or previous management) and “independent” (or “outside”) directors who have no affiliation with the investment company. A majority of the board must be outside directors.BOP: In a general sense, the balance of payments is a statistical statement that systematically records all the economic transactions between residents of a country(Central Government, monetary authority, banks, other sector) and nonresidents for a specific time period.Bank assurance 银行保险:Insurance companies are attracted by commercial bank customer contacts. As a result, commercial bank distribution of insurance company products has grown considerably. Bankers acceptance银行承兑汇票:A bankers acceptance, or BA, is a time draft drawn on and accepted by a bank. Upon acceptance, which occurs when an authorized bank employee stamps the draft accepted and signs it, the draft becomes a primary and unconditional liability of the bank. If the bank is well known and enjoys a good reputation, the accepted draft may be readily sold in an active market.Bond interest rate债券利率：Bond interest rate is the rate paid by government, banks and corporations when they raise funds in domestic or international financial market by issuing bonds.Bank notes银行券:A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of negotiable instrument, a promissory note made by a bank payable to the bearer on demand, used as money, and in many jurisdictions is legal tender. Along with coins, banknotes make up the cash or bearer forms of all modern fiat money.Barter 以物易物,物物交换:exchange goods or property for other goods or property Banking and monetary regulation银行与货币监管:Authorities use it to try to control changes in a countrys money supply, which is thought to control the level of economic activity.Closed-End Funds 封闭式基金:The shares of a closed-end fund are very similar to the shares of common stock of a corporation. The new shares of a closed-end fund are initially issued by an underwriter for the fund.Creation/redemption units认购/赎回单位交易:Authorized participants are mainly large institutional traders who have contractual agreements with ETF fund .They are the only investors who may create or redeem shares of an ETF with the ETF sponsor and then only in large, specified quantities called creation/redemption units.Cash balance plan现金余额计划:A cash balance plan is basically a defined benefit that has some of the features of a defined contribution plan. It defines future pension benefits, not employer contribution .Each participant in a cash balance plan has an account that is credited贷方 with a dollar amount that resembles an employer contribution and is generally determined as a percentage of pay. The plan usually provides benefits in the form of a lump-sum付清Commercial banks: is a type of financial intermediary. It offers both commercial and investment banking services for individual and business, such as deposits, credit cards, loans, trusts, mutual funds, treasury bills, insurances and so on.商业银行：是一种金融中介机构的类型。它为个人和企业的商业和投资银行服务，如存款，信用卡，贷款，信托，互惠基金，国库券，保险等。Checking accounts: A checking account is convenience; it can be used in place of cash to make payments as ATM cards or each electronic debit cards.支票帐户：支票存款帐户是方便，它可用于现金的地方，使每一个在ATM卡或电子借记卡付款。Commercial paper: Commercial papers are unsecured, short-term loans. Only high credit rating and credit worthiness corporations have credit to issue commercial papers.商业票据：商业本票为无抵押，短期贷款。只有高信用评级和信用企业的信贷发行商业票据。Core Capital核心资本金:It consists of common stockholders equity, certain types of preferred stock, and minority interest in consolidated subsidiariesCorporate credit unions 公司信用合作社:Provide a variety of investment services, as well as payment systems, only to natural person credit unions Central bank discount rate中央银行贴现率：The central bank discount rate refers to the rate of interest paid by commercial banks when they rediscount their financial instruments in central banks. It is expressed in terms of a certain repurchase rate of face value of the notes on rediscount.Commodity money商品货币：Commodity money is the earliest form of money which has an intrinsic value, meaning it is worth something in its own right rather than simply being a token of financial value such as a banknote.Curb exchanges场外交易：The word curb means a concrete border or row of joined stones forming part of a gutter along the edge of a street.Credit balance贷方余额：Credit balance: In a margin account, the credit balance is the amount of funds deposited in the customers account following the successful execution of a short sale order.Country risk 国别风险：Probability of loss due to economic and/or political instability in the buyers country, resulting in an inability to pay for imports. Country risk includes sovereign risk.Corporate restructuring hedge fund公司重组型对冲基金:It is one in which the asset manager positions the portfolio to capitalize on the anticipated impact of a significant corporate event. These events include a merger, acquisitionCounterparty risk交易对手违约风险:It is the risk that a counterparty in a trade fails to satisfy its obligationCredit risk信用风险:It is the risk that the obligor of a financial instrument held by a financial institution will fail to fulfill its obligation on the due date or at any time thereafterCertificates of deposit定期存单:Cash outflows are not known, but timing is .It has a stated maturity, the interest rate paid need not be fixed over the life of the deposit but may fluctuateContracting costs签约成本:The costs of writing loan contracts or the costs of enforcing the terms of the loan agreement.Commercial bank商业银行:accepts deposits and uses the proceeds to lend funds to consumers and businesses.Discount international papers贴现国际金融票据:One of banking facilities offered by some large commercial banks. In practice an enterprise makes revenue from selling goods to the overseas buyer who pays the seller in terms of different sorts of financial documents with specific maturities determined in the sale contract. If the exporter is so circumstanced that it is necessary to liquidate the document in advance of its maturity date a commercial bank could buy the concerned document on discount.Demand Deposit活期存款：A term used in the USA standing for deposits on current account，that is on demand by check with out the advanced notice to banks. In the USA the law prohibits commercial banks from paying explicit interests on demand deposit.Derivative instrument衍生品工具:A derivative instrument is a financial asset whose value derives from the value of some other asset . The contract holder has either the obligation or the choice to buy or sell a financial asset at some future time.Direct investments直接投资:Intermediaries obtain funds from market participants and invest these fundsDiscount rate贴现率:The interest rate that the Fed charges to borrow funds at the discount windowExpense ratio运行费率:It is the annual fund operating expense, which covers the funds expenses, the largest of which is for investing managements. This charge is imposed annually.Exchange-traded funds交易所交易基金:An investment that embodies a combination of the desirable aspects of mutual funds (open-end funds) and closed-end funds is the exchange-traded fund (ETF). in , the exchange rates (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, fore rate or FX rate) between two specify how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. It is the value of a foreign nations currency in terms of the home nations currency.Equilibrium rate均衡利率：Because of free competition, market mechanism will lead to the balance between demand for and supply of credit funds. Market interest rate in such case could be termed as the equilibrium rate.Exchange Rate交换比率：Under barter system it referred to units of one good exchange for given amount of another good. In the modern monetary economics the term means rate at which one currency may beForeign exchange risk 外汇汇率风险：Probability of loss occurring from an adverse movement in foreign exchange rates.Fiat money不可兑现的货币：The term fiat money is used to mean: any money declared by a government to be legal tender or state-issued money which is neither legally convertible to any other thing, nor fixed in value in terms of any objective standard.Fiduciary Money信用货币：Money that depends for its value confidence that it is an accepted medium of exchange. It originated as a paper certificate that was a promise to pay a certain amount of gold or silver to the bearer. Fractional-reserve banking银行部分准备金制度：A banking system in which only a fraction of the total deposits managed by a bank must be kept in reserve. The amount of the deposits equals the amount of the reserves times the deposit multiplier. In the U.S., this system is maintained by the Federal Reserve Board. Functions of money货币的功能：Money is often defined in terms of the three functions or services that it provides. Money serves as a medium of exchange, as a store of wealth, and as a standard of value.Federal funds market联邦基金市场:Banks temporarily short of their required reserves can borrow reserves from banks that have excess reservesFederal funds rate联邦基金利率:The interest rate charged to borrow funds in the federal funds marketFunding liquidity risk融资流动性风险 (资金流动性风险):It is the risk that the financial institution will be unable to obtain funding to obtain cash flow necessary to satisfy its obligationsFinancial intermediaries 金融中介:A special and important type of financial institutionFutures/forward contracts 期货/远期合约:Futures/forward contracts are obligations that must be fulfilled at maturity, it is a contract that exchanges an asset or commodity at a fixed price in the future.Fixed-income instruments 固定收益证券:an equity instrument that entitles the investor to receive a fixed dollar amount. . Both debt and preferred stock that pay fixed dollar amounts are called fixed-income instruments.Interest利息：Interest stands for price of capital, which, theoretically speaking, depends upon (is determined by) demand-supply relations just like market prices of general commodities.Idle cash闲置资金：Economically, idle is a situation in which production has shut down or is simply not working, or one in which cash is inactive (not invested).Inflation and Inflation Rate通货膨胀和通货膨胀率：In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the price level rises, each unit ofInterest rate利息率：Interest rates refer to the ratios of the amount of interests to deposits or credits (principal of deposits or credits) in a given period of time.Individual Banking个人银行业务:It encompasses residential mortgage lending, consumer installment loans, credit card financing, brokerage services, student loans,Information processing costs信息处理成本:the opportunity cost of the time to process the information about the financial assets and its issuer, and the cost of acquiring that information.Indirect investments间接投资:Market participants who give their funds to the intermediaries and who thereby hold claims on these institutionsInvestment company投资公司:It pools the funds of market participants and uses those funds to buy a portfolio of securities such as stocks and bonds.Liabilities负债:It means the amount and time of the cash outlays that must be made to satisfy the contractual terms of the obligations issuedLiquidity risk流动性风险:In the context of settlement risk, it means that thecounterparty can eventually meet its obligations, but not at the due date.In addition to being a part of settlement risk, it has two forms: market liquidity risk and funding liquidity risk.legal risk法律风险:This is the risk of loss resulting from failure to comply with laws as well as prudent ethical standards and contractual obligationsLiquidity 流动性:whether the circumstances either force or motivate an investor to sell in financial market.Money supply货币供应：In economics, money supply or money stock, is the total amount of money available in an economy at a particular point in time. There are several ways to define money, but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits.Medium of exchange交易媒介：Any item that is widely accepted in exchange for the goods and services offered to consumers in a given market. One example of a medium of exchange is currency.Money creation货币创造：Money creation is the process by which new money is produced or issued through fractional reserve banking system and lending by the banking system.Money center banks货币中心银行：Large banks in major financial centers which borrow from and lend to governmental entities, corporations, and other banks, rather than consumers.Market oriented economy市场经济：A market oriented economy, also termed as a market economy, is an economy based on the power of division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand and economic decisions are separately made by individual people and enterprises.Market liquidity risk 市场流动性风险:It is the risk that a financial institution is unable to transact in a financial instrument at a price near its market valueMarket risk市场风险:It is the risk to a financial institutions economic well being that results from an adverse movement in the market price of the asset it owns or the level or the volatility of market prices. There are measures that can be used to gauge this risk.Market directional hedge fund市场导向型对冲基金:It is one in which the asset manager retains some exposure to systemic riskMoney center banks货币中央银行:The banks that raise most of their funds from the domestic and international money markets, relying less on depositors for fundsMaturity intermediation期限中介：The investor (depositor) often wants only a short-term claim, which the intermediary can turn into a claim on long-term assets. This function of a financial intermediary is called maturity intermediation Mass mail-outs - A mass mail-out is when literature promoting an investment product is sent to people on a general list.Nominal interest rate名义利率：A nominal variable, such as a nominal interest rate, is one where the effects of inflation have not been accounted for. In finance and economics nominal interest rate or nominal rate of interest refers to the rate of interest before adjustment for inflation.Negotiable order of withdrawal可转让提款单：Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts, usually called NOW accounts, are interest-bearing checking accounts offered by banks, and particularly thrift institutions, in the United States. The so-called M1, the narrowest definition of the money supply in the United States, includes NOW -disclosure and non-circumvention agreement - An agreement where the investor promises to keep the investment secret and not ask for advice from anyone.Notes - A note is a written, unsecured promise to pay such as a promissory note. If the promise to pay is not there is no way to guarantee the payment.Open-End Funds 开放式基金:More popularly known as mutual funds.They are portfolios of securities, mainly stocks, bonds, and money market instruments.向外直接投资：向外直接投资是国内固定资产投资到国外，是不是在股票市场或在公司的股权，为MA和投资组成的投资。Operational risk操作风险:It is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external Classified by the cause of the loss event: employees, business process, relationships, technology, and external factorsOptions contracts期权合约:Options contracts are rights, not obligations, to either buy or sell a financial asset at a specified price. The buyer of the contract must pay the seller a fee, which is called the option price. Options - An investor who buys an option on a security has the right to buy or sell the security at a specified price within a specified time. This right is optional, the owner is not obligated to do so.Pension funds养老基金:It exists in some form in all developed economies, are major institutional investors and participants in the financial markets.Price Index价格指数：Measure of change in a set of prices, consisting of a series of numbers arranged so that a comparison of the values for any two periods or places will show the change in prices between periods or the difference in prices between places. Price indexes were first developed to measure changes in the cost of living in order to determine the wage increases necessary to maintain a constant standard of living. The two most familiar inde