lesson1-thinking as a hobby

.,UnitOne:ThinkingasaHobby,Thinking,Hobby,.,WilliamGolding(1911-1993),aremarkableBritishnovelist,isneverlikelytoberememberedforhissocialportraiture,whichisnottheessenceofhiswork.HewasawritertrainedinagrandmetaphysicalChristianitywhocouldaddressquestionsofgoodandevilinacorruptedandGodlessage.,.,LordoftheFlies(1954),ThenovelwasoneofthegreatnovelsoftheFifties,yetinnoobvioussensewasitaFiftiesnovel;onereviewerwouldfindinGoldingasullendistasteforthecontemporary.ThenovelwasanironicrewritingoftheVictorianboysbooktradition.TheoriginalstorywasR.M.BallantynesTheCoralIsland(1858),thestoryofahighlyresourcefulgroupofBritishboys,ledbyRalphRover,whoareshipwreckedonanisolatedPacificisland,whoselivesarethreatenedbysavagesbutarerescuedbyamissionary.,.,Background,Agoodliberalartseducationmustincludegoodtraininginlogicalandcriticalthinking.Youshouldplaywithideasthewayyouplaywithballs.Threegrades:,.,Grade-threethinking:wasnothinkingatall,butacombinationofignorance,prejudiceandhypocrisy.Mostpeoplebelongtothiscategory(accordingtotheauthor).Grade-twothinking:Peoplecandetectthecontradictionsofgrade-threethinkersbeliefs.Theycanseetheirignorance,prejudice,hypocrisyandlackoflogic,whichgivesthemgreatdelightandsatisfiestheirego.,.,Grade-twothinkinghadnothingconstructivetooffer.Itdestroyswithoutthepowertocreate.Thereforethesatisfactionitbringsthethinkerislimitedanddoesnotlast.Grade-onethinking:Peoplewhosetouttofindthetruthandgetit.,.,TEXTORGANIZATION,P1-p15Prelude/IntroductionP16-p24GradeThreeThinkingP25-p29GradeTwoThinkingP30-p35GradeOneThinking,.,nothingbut(p2):nothingexcept;only,Hisparentscarenothingbuthisscoresatschool.Onewasaladywearingnothingbutabathtowel.,.,VenusInRomanmythology,Venuswasthegoddessofloveandbeauty.【罗马神话】维纳斯：爱情和形体美的女神Inothercultures,shehasamoresinisterroleparticularlyinMayanmythology.金星AccordingtoInternationalAstronomicalUnionin2006inPrague,Czechoslovakia,howmanyplanetsareinthesolarsystem?,.,.,.,TheeightplanetsnowrecognizedbytheIAUare:Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune.Plutowasre-classifiedasadwarfplanet,.,lest(p2):forfearthat;inordertomakesurethatsth.willnothappen,Hehidebehindthecurtainlesttheprofessor(should)seehim.Sheturnedpalewhenhersoncameoutofthestudylesthe(should)haveheardwhatshehadsaid.,.,fartherv.further,1Walkfarthertoseeifyoucanfindanyflowersunderthesnow.2AftergraduatingfromFuDanUniversitywiththebachelordegree,hewentabroadtoseekfurtherstudy.,.,beinapositiontodosth.:tobeabletodosth.becauseyouhavetheability,powerormoney,IamnotinthepositiontoadviseyouonthismatterbecauseIdonotknowallthefactsaboutit.,.,Anakedman,musculargentleman,whosat,lookingdown,withhischinonhisfistandhiselbowonhisknee.Rodinsthinker,.,AugusteRodin:aFrenchsculptor.Hismostfamousworks:TheKissThethinker,.,Anakedman,Alearnedprofessor,thewretchedlifeOurbelovedcountry,hisbelovedgirlfriend,belovedbyall.Myagedparents,amanaged33.,.,delinquentadj.failingtoperformaduty,juveniledelinquentdelinquentchildrentheproblemofjuveniledelinquency,.,ifanything(P4):onthecontrary,Yoursuggestiondidnotencouragehim.It,ifanything,discouragedhim.Heisnotknownforhisgenerosity.Heis,ifanything,quitemiserly.,.,confrontsb.withsth.(vt.)(p24):toopposesb.orbringsb.tosth.,Iconfrontedhimwithmysuspicions,andheadmittedeverything.(对质)Thecustomersareconfrontedwithabewilderingamountofchoice.Wemustconfrontthefuturewithoptimism.（勇敢面对）,.,getsth.tothought(p24),Inolongerdismisslightlyamentalprocesswhichforninetenthsofthepopulationisthenearesttheywillevergettothought.Meaning:Inolongerconsiderthewaygrade-threethinkersunimportantbecausetheyaccountfornine-tenthsofthepeopleandthereforehavegreatpower.NowIknowthatignorance,prejudiceandhypocrisyareverypowerfulenemies.,.,stampedev.afactualaccountofGodsdivineplanandprophecies.Thisisthebeliefoffundamentalists.,.,Flag(vi.)(p26):begintoloseenthusiasmandenergy;todeclineininterest,Argumentflagged:argumentbecamedullbecauseRuthdidnotknowhowtorespond.Hishorseisflagging.疲乏Thecountryseconomycontinuedtoflag.衰退,.,ifwewerecountingheads,theBuddhistsweretheboysformymoney.theboys:peoplewiththesameinterest;formymoney:Ibet,Ibelieve,inmyopinionifweweretalkingaboutthenumberofthepeople,IwillbetontheBuddhists(becauseIbelievetheyaregreaterinnumber),.,Begiventhethirddegree(p28),Beseverelyquestionedorinterrogated,.,Makeforsb./sth.(p.29),1contributeto;tendtowards有助于，倾向于FrequentexposuretoidiomaticEnglish,suchasVOAmakesforyourstudyatuniversity.2headfor走向，向某个方向移动Itislate.Wedbettermakeforhome.3chargeat,rushtowards袭击，攻击，冲向Thebullsuddenlymadeforthegirlinredandeverybodywasshocked.,.,Fewandfarbetween(p30),相隔很久才发生的;彼此相距很远；稀少Goodnovelsarefewandfarbetween.,.,Idiomaticpairsofadj.,Blackandblue遍体鳞伤Fairandsquare公正，正大光明Haleandhearty精神充沛,老当益壮,.,Aspire(p.30)vi.+for/to/afterbefilledwithhighambition,Doyouaspireafterknowledge?Themorepowertheyhave,themoretheyaspiretoit.Englishmajorsinnon-EnglishspeakingcountriesaspiretoabandontheirnativeaccentsandspeakpureEnglish.Whatdoyouaspireforatpresent?,.,gotoofar/carrysth.toofar:(p.33)gobeyondthelimitsofwhatisconsideredreasonable,Youhavegonetoofarinsayingthatyoudratherbreakwiththefamily.Gofar:1(ofperson)besuccessful;domuchHeiscleverandintelligent,andwillgofar.2(ofmoney)buygoods,services,etc.Ahundreddoesnotgosofarasitdidtenyearsago.（现在一百元不如十年前那么顶用了。）,.,Parallelism:themethodtoexpressideasofequalimportanceinthesameorsimilargrammaticalform.,Parallelismcanbeclassifiedintofivetypes,namelylistandseries,contrast,seriespluscontrast,choice,andcomparison.Hewouldstandbeforeus,puthishandsonhiswaistandtakeatremendousbreath.(series)p.19ThroughhimIdiscoveredthatthoughtisoftenfullofunconsciousprejudice,ignoranceandhypocrisy.(list)p.23,.,.,Tohearpeoplejustifytheirhabitofhuntingfoxesbyclaimingthatthefoxeslikedit.TohearourPrimeMinistertalkaboutthegreatbenefitweconferredonIndiabyjailingpeoplelikeGandhi.TohearAmericanpoliticianstalkaboutpeaceandrefusetojointheLeagueofNations.(list)p.25,.,Oraltopic1,Marriagebetweencollegestudentsshouldorshouldnotbeforbidden?,.,Oraltopic2,DoyouthinkInternetisolatespeopleorshortensthedistancebet