状语从句.doc

状语从句状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用一般现在时表示一般将来时现在完成时表示将来完成时。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 1.副词一般在句子中做状语 He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。 He is playing under the tree.他在树下玩儿.中的under the tree是地点状语. 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. 3.介词短语 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. 4.从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5.分词作状语 Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。1） as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。2） as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。原因状语从句比较：because, since, as和for 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。比较：so和 such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progressso many peoplesuch a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。） sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 unless = if not. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.典型例题You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.让步状语从句though, although注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语）典型例题1） _she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。2)as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。3)ever if, even though.即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whetheror- 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5)no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯们只能给什么练习题1. After the war，a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when2. _ he took part in the competition, he won a second prize.A. For the first time B. At a time C. At one time D. The first time3. I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.A. until B. if C. when D. that4. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard the voices.A. as B. after C. while D. when5. The class went on with the story _ they had left it before the holiday.A. where B. which C. in which D. when6. The company has a free long-distance telephone number _ customers may call with any questions they have about its products.A. although B. as C. even if D. so that7. - Is Mr. Smith in the office?- Yes，_ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.A. since B. however C. whether D. for8. Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before9. - Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.- Oh, yes. _ others are weak, he is strong.A. If B. When C. Where D. Though10. The day must be breaking, _ the birds have begun singing.A. because B. as C. for D. since11. John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that12. _others say, the expert is sure that his theory is correctA. No matter B. It doesnt matter C. Whatever D. What13. Many places are flooded by heavy rainfalls, so they cant walk _ they like these days.A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever14. His father began to work _ his childhood.A. since B. before C. as early as D. while15. The roof fell _ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.A. before B. as C. after D. until16. - The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.- I had told you it would easily break _it was the weakestA. when B. where C. unless D. since17. The crowd started cheering _ he rose to speak.A. as B. since C. till D. where18. I had worked here _ you came here. But I shall leave for England _.A. before long, before long B. before long; long beforeC. long before, before long D. long before; long before19. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A. since B. before C. after D. when20. _ the Internet is bringing the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.A. When B. If C. As D. While21. Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young manA. yet B. but C. and D. and yet22. The two girls look _ much alike _ no one can tell them apart.A. so, that B. so, and C. as, that D. such, that23. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. so that D. as if24. Beijing is larger than _ city in AfricaA. any B. other C. each D. any other25. We must hurry up _ catch the last train.A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to26. No matter_ hard it may be，I will carry it out.A. what B. whatever C. how D. however27. _ you may do，you must do it well.A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When28. - Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday?- No. But if I _ the time，I would definitely go.A. have B. had C. have had D. would have29. _ you are so weak，youd better stay at home.A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though30. English and French are taught here. You can choose _ you like.A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever31. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other _ I left London.A. as B. before C. since D. till32. Ill be back before you _.A. will leave B. will have left C. leave D. would leave33. The problem wont be settled until we _ a chance to discuss it thoroughly.A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have34. If you _ this experiment，you will understand the theory better.A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do35. They went on working _ it was late at night.A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though36. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless37. _ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.A. At times B. Some time C. By the time D. Every time38. Although he is considered a great writer，_.A. however his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely readC. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read39. We should finish the important job，_.A. long it takes however B. it takes however longC. long however it takes D. however long it takes40. _ comes to the party will receive a gift.A. No matter who B. Who C. Which one D. Whoever41. She is willing to help you, _ busy she is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever42. No matter _ hard it may be，Ill carry it out.A. what B. whatever C. how D. however43. Why do you want to find a new job _ youve got such a good one already?A. that B. where C. which D. when44._he is, he will be thinking of you.A. Wherever B. Where C. Now that D. As soon as45. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.A. when B. where C. then D. there46. He got excited at the news，_ I was calm.A. when B. while C. because D. after47. - Shall Brown come and play computer games?- No，_ he has finished his homework.A. when B. if C. unless D. once48. Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong _ she rang me up.A. when B. than C. that D. and49. _ they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.A. Immediately B. The moment C. The while D. All the above50. _，he never seems able to do the work beautifully.A. Try as he may B. as he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try51. I