应用语言学ppt课件

.,TheNeedofAppliedLinguistics,.,Inourdailylife,weuselanguagetocommunicatewithourfriendsandwritenotes.Whileusinglanguage,werarelyconcernaboutwhatislanguageandtheconceptoflanguage.However,peoplesometimesfacewithproblemsorchallengesthatrelatetolanguage,suchaslanguageteachingimprovementsandtranslatingimprovements,abouthowtopromotetheefficiencyofteachingandtranslating.,.,Toanswerthequestionandcomeupwithbettersolution,weneedasubjecttospecializeinlanguageandresearchaccordingtothelanguagetheoriesandanalysisinreasonandsystematicallyway.Thiskindofsubjecthastobedifferentfromtheoreticallinguisticsandfocusonsolvinglinguisticproblemsandimprovethelanguageefficiency.Thus,appliedlinguisticsisaninterdisciplinaryfieldoflinguisticsthatidentifies,investigates,andofferssolutionstolanguage-relatedreal-lifeproblems.,.,WehavereadthestoryabouttheTowerofBabelinthebookofGenesis,itisaboutthepeoplewerebuildingatowerwhichcantouchtheheaven.TheGodmessedupthelanguageamongthepeopleanddrovethemtoseparate.Fromthisstorywecanseelanguagecanbothreachtoharmonyandcoursediscrepancy.Inthecontemporaryworld,especiallyinmodernChina,wearefacingethniccontradictionsinpoliticsandculturalfields.Thestudyofappliedlinguisticaredealingconcernedwiththerelationofknowledgeaboutlanguagetodecisionmakingintheseproblems.,.,ExamplesandProcedures,.,1.Whichlanguageshouldbeaddedinuniversitiescourse?Chinese/spanish/IndianlanguageGujarati（古吉拉特语）,Chinese:theworldslargestfirstlanguage.,Spainish:oneofmostwidelydistributedlanguages.,Gujarati:largestsecondlanguageinschoolandlocalcommunity.,.,conductingasurveymakinginvestigationinterviewingstudentsandtheirparents.,.,2.Whichkindofcourseeducationalorganizationshouldoffer?,Courseshouldfocuson:writingorspeaking?courseshouldbetheoreticalorpractical?,.,basedontheneedsoflearners.offerdifferentcoursesandletlearnerstochoose.,.,3.Howtojudgetheauthorityofsecondlanguagespeakers?,anexperiencedmanvsawell-educatedman,Iamright!,Youarewrong.,.,Consultingathirdone.Employanativespeaker,.,4.Isitpropertosimplifyalanguageforconveniency?,.,Tojudgeitsadvantagesanddisadvantage.weighingtheprosandcons,.,5.IsEsperantoanecessity?,(Esperantoisaninventedlanguagethatwasdesignedtohelppeoplefromdifferentcountriescommunicatewitheachother.)今天，以世界语为母语的人士约1000人。能流利使用的人估计十万到两百万人。,.,Nowadays,aroundonethousandpeopleuseEsperantoastheirnativelanguageandabout100thousandortwomillionpeoplecanmasterit.,.,TheScopeofAppliedLinguistics,.LanguageandEducation,.,1.AL2.StandardLanguageEducation;3.AdditionalLanguageEducation;4.MultilingualEducation;5.LearnerAutonomyinLanguageLearning;6.EducationalTechnologyandLanguageLearning;7.ClinicalLinguistics;8.LanguageTest;,.,4.AcronymsandabbreviationsofLE,ALL:ApprenticeshipLanguageLearningCALL:computer-assistedlanguagelearningCLIL:contentandlanguageintegratedlearningCELI:CertificatodiConoscenzadellaLinguaItalianaCLL:communitylanguagelearningDELE:DiplomadeEspaolcomoLenguaExtranjeraDELF:diplmedtudesenlanguefranaiseEFL:EnglishasaforeignlanguageELL:EnglishlanguagelearningELT:Englishlanguageteaching,.,FLL:foreignlanguagelearningFLT:foreignlanguageteachingHLL:heritagelanguagelearningL1:firstlanguage,nativelanguage,mothertongueL2:secondlanguage(oranyadditionallanguage)LDL:LernendurchLehren(Germanforlearningbyteaching)LOTE:LanguagesOtherThanEnglishSLA:secondlanguageacquisitionTELL:technology-enhancedlanguagelearningTPRS:TeachingProficiencythrough,.,ReadingandStorytellingTEFL:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageN.B.Thisarticleisabouttravel-teaching.TEFLA:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagetoadultsTESOL:teachingEnglishtospeakersofotherlanguagesTPR:TotalPhysicalResponseTEFL:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageN.B.Thisarticleisabouttravel-teaching.UNIcert:isaEuropeanlanguageeducationsystemofmanyuniversitiesbasedontheCommonEuropeanFrameworkofReferenceforLanguages.,.,II.language,work,andlaw,1.WorkplaceCommunicationDefination:thestudyofhowlanguageisusedintheworkplace.Theprocessofexchanginginformation(verbalornon-verbal)causeemployeesarefromdifferentpartsofsociety.Inordertoworkeffectively,employeesneedshowtocommmunicateinworkplace.,.,languageplanning,Defination:isadeliberateefforttoinfluencethefunction,structureoracquistitionoflanguagesorlanguagevarietywithinaspeechcommunity.TherepresentativeofsomelanguagepolicyExample:Putonghua、usetwolanguagesinTibet,.,ForensicLinguistics,languageandthelaworlegallinguisticsDefination:theapplicationoflinguisticknowledge,methodsandinsightstotheforensiccontextoflaw,language,crimeinvestigation,trial,andjudicialprocedure.3areasofapplication:a)understandinglanguageofwrittenlaw.b)understandinglanguageuseinforensicandjudicialprocesses.c)theprovisionoflinguisticevidence.Ininvolvesarangeofexpertsandresearchersindifferentareasoffields.,.,III.Language,information,andeffect,1.Literarystylistics:thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlinguisticchoicesandeffectsinliterature.Itisthestudyofstyle,itisaninterdisciplinarysubject,abridgethatlinkslinguisticsandliteracycriticism.,.,2.CriticalDiscourseAnalysis(CDA)CriticalDiscourseAnalysisisaninterdisciplinaryapproachtothestudyofdiscoursethatviewslanguageasaformofsocialpracticeandfocusesonthewayssocialandpoliticaldominationarereproducedintextandtalk.3.translationandinterpretation:Itisthecommunicationofthemeaningofasource-languagebymeansofanequivalenttarget-language.,.,4.informationdesign:Informationdesignisthepracticeofpresentinginformationinawaythatfostersefficientandeffectiveunderstandingofit.lexicography:lexicographyistheartorcraftofcompiling,writingandeditingdictionaries.,.,ADifficultRelationship-LinguisticsandAppliedLinguisitics,.,linguistics(theory),defination:thescientificstudyoflanguage.Thatsmeaswhichlooksforthegeneralitiesunderlyingactualappearance,soitsrepresnetanabstractidealizationoflanguage.(branches:Phonetics、Phonology、Morphology、Syntax、Semantic、Pragmatics),.,1)Phonology:studiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.2)Phonetics:studiesspeechsounds,includingproduction、descrptionandclassification.3)Morphology:concernedwithinternalorganizationofwords,whichstudiestheminimalunitsofmeaning-morphemes,andwordformationprocesses.4)Syntax:ItsabouttheprinciplesofformingandunderstandingcorrectEnglishsentences.5)Semantics:howmeaningsisencodedinalanguage.6)Pragmatics:Itisthestudyofmeaningincontext.,.,Appliedlinguistics,Appliedlinguistics-referstotheuseoflinguisiticsresearchinlanguageteaching,putlinguisticstheoriesintopractice.Psycholingustics:theinterrelationoflanguageandmind,inprocessingandproducinguterrancesandinlanguageacquisition.Sociolinguistics:thestudyofthecharacteristicsoflanguagevarieties、functions、speakers.AnthropolpgicalLinguisitics:Itsinterestedprimarilyinthehistoryandstructureofformerlyunwrittenlanguage.ComputionalLinguistic:aninterdisciplinaryfieldwhichcentersaroundtheuseofcomputerstoprocessorproducehumanlanguage(naturallanguage)todistinguishitfromcomputerlanguage.,.,MethodologyofAppliedLinguistics,1.Refertotheories&findingsoflinguistics.2.Findappropriateschoolsandapproaches3Needsinvolvesinproblemsandexperience4.eformulateeach.,.,OtherSchoolsofLinguistics,1）CompetenceVSperformance,Competence:alanguageusersunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.Performance:theactualuseoflanguag