电池常用术语集锦.doc

电池常用术语集锦电池常用术语（一）Battery GlossaryAC DL MQ RZACAmpere hours (Ah) - The unit of measure used for comparing the capacity or energy content of batteries with the same output voltage. For automotive (Lead Acid) batteries the SAE defines the Amphour capacity as the current delivered for a period of 20 hours until the cell voltage drops to 1.75 V.Strictly - One Ampere hour is the charge transferred by one amp flowing for one hour. 1Ah = 3600 Coulombs.Battery Management System (BMS) - Electronic circuits designed to monitor the battery and keep it within its specified operating conditions and to protect it from abuse during both charging and discharging.Battery Monitoring - Sometimes confused with BMS (above) of which it is an essential part, these circuits monitor the key operating parameters (current, voltage, temperature, SOC, etc.) of the battery and provide information to the user.Bobbin - A cylindrical cell design utilizing an internal cylindrical electrode and an external electrode arranged as a sleeve inside the cell container. C Rate - C is a value which expresses the rated current capacity of a cell or battery. A cell discharging at the C rate will deliver its nominal rated capacity for 1 hour. Charging and discharging currents are generally expressed as multiples of C. The time to discharge a battery is inversely proportional to the discharge rate. NC is a charge or discharge rate which is N times the rated current capacity of the battery where N is a number (fraction or multiple) CN is the battery capacity in AmpHours which corresponds to complete discharge of the battery in N hours (N is usually a subscript). Also written as the N-Hour rate.Capacity - The electric energy content of a battery expressed in Watt hours. Batteries with the same output voltage also use Ampere hours for comparing capacities.Cathode - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction takes place, gaining electrons. During discharge the positive electrode of the cell is the cathode. During charge the situation reverses and the negative electrode of the cell is the cathode.Cell balancing - The process used during charging to ensure that every cell is charged to the same state of charge. Also called Equalisation.Charge - The process of replenishing or replacing the electrical charge in a rechargeable cell or battery.Charge efficiency - The ratio (expressed as a percentage) between the energy removed from a battery during discharge compared with the energy used during charging to restore the original capacity. Also called the Coulombic Efficiency or Charge Acceptance. See alternative definition above. Closed-Circuit Voltage (CCV闭路电压) - The potential or voltage of a battery when it is discharging or charging.Constant current charge CC - A charging scheme which maintains the current through the cell at a constant value.Constant voltage charge CV - A charging scheme which maintains the voltage across the battery terminals at a constant value.Current limit - The maximum current drain under which the particular battery will perform adequately under a continuous drain.Cut-off voltage - The specified voltage at which the discharge of a cell is considered complete.Cycle life - The number of cycles a battery can perform before its nominal capacity falls below 80% of its initial rated capacity.DLDeep cycle battery - A battery designed to be discharged to below 80% Depth of Discharge. Used in marine, traction and EV applications. End-point voltage - (End voltage, Cutoff voltage, Final voltage)截止电压 Specified closed circuit voltage at which a service output test is terminated.Depth of discharge DOD - The ratio of the quantity of electricity or charge removed from a cell on discharge to its rated capacity.Discharge capacity - The amount of energy taken from the battery when discharged at the rated current and ambient temperature until the discharge end voltage is reached. Generally expressed in units of Watt hours (or Ampere hours for batteries with the same voltage).Discharge rate - The current delivered by the cell during discharging. Expressed in Amperes or multiples of the C rate.Discharge voltage - The voltage between the terminals of a cell or battery under load, during discharge.Electrolyte - A substance which dissociates into ions (charged particles) when in aqueous solution or molten form and is thus able to conduct electricity. It is the medium which transports the ions carrying the charge between the electrodes during the electrochemical reaction in a battery.End-of-discharge voltage - The battery voltage when discharge is terminated.End-of-charge voltage - The battery voltage when charge is terminated.Energy density - The amount of energy stored in a battery. It is expressed as the amount of energy stored per unit volume or per unit weight (Wh/L or Wh/kg).Fast charge - Charging in less than one hour at about 1.0C rate. Needs special charger.Float charge - An arrangement in which the battery and the load are permanently connected in parallel across the DC charging source, so that the battery will supply power to the load if the charger fails. Compensates for the self-discharge of the battery. High rate discharge - Discharge at a current of 2C or more.IEC - The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.Initial voltage（起始电压）- A batterys initial voltage is the working voltage when discharging begins. Intelligent battery - Battery containing circuitry enabling some communication between the battery and the application or with the charger.Internal impedance - Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell. It takes into account the capacitive effect of the plates forming the electrodes. Internal resistance - Resistance to the flow of DC electric current within a cell, causing a voltage drop across the cell in closed circuit proportional to the current drain from the cell. A very low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate (high power) cell.Lithium Ion Cell - A secondary lithium cell in which both the negative and positive electrodes are lithium insertion (intercalation) compounds. Also known as rocking chair, shuttlecock or swing cell.Lithium Polymer Cell - A lithium ion cell with a solid polymer electrolyte.MQMemory effect - Reversible, progressive capacity loss in nickel based batteries found in NiCad and to a lesser extent in Ni-MH batteries. It is caused by a change in crystalline formation from the desirable small size to a large size which occurs when the cell is recharged before it is fully discharged. MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet. Information provided by battery or cell manufacturers about any hazardous materials used in their products.Nominal capacity - Used to indicate the average capacity of a battery. It is the average capacity when batteries are discharged at 0.2C within one hour of being charged for 16 hours at 0.1C and 20 5C. (or discharge at 0.05C for automotive batteries - SAE) Definition depends on the conditions. See Ampere Hours Ah above Nominal voltage - Used to indicate the voltage of a battery. Since most discharge curves are neither linear nor flat, a typical value is generally taken which is close to the voltage during actual use.NTC - A thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient, whose resistance decreases with increasing temperature.Open circuit voltage OCV - The voltage of a cell or battery with no load attached measured with a voltmeter at room temperature.Operating voltage - Voltage between the two terminals of the battery with a load connected.Over-charge - Continuous charging of the battery after it reaches full charge. Generally overcharging will have a harmful influence on the performance of the battery which could lead to unsafe conditions. It should therefore be avoided.Open circuit voltage (OCV开路电压) - The voltage of a battery when there is no current flowing.Over-current - Exceeding the manufacturers recommended maximum discharge current for a cell or battery.Over-discharge - Discharging a battery below the end voltage or cut-off voltage specified for the battery.Parallel connection - The connection together of, two or more, similar cells to form a battery of higher capacity by connecting together all the cell terminals of the same polarity. Passivation layer - A resistive layer that forms on the electrodes in some cells after prolonged storage impeding the chemical reaction. This barrier must be removed to enable proper operation of the cell. Applying charge/discharge cycles often helps in preparing the battery for use. In other applications, passivation is used as a method of shielding a metal surface from attack. Photovoltaic cell - A device that directly converts the energy in light into electrical energy. Also called a photocell, a solar cell or a PV cell.Positive electrode - The electrode which has a positive potential. The cathode. Electric current from this electrode flows into the external circuit.PTC - A thermistor with a positive temperature coefficient, whose resistance increases with temperature.Quick charge - Charging in three to six hours at about 0.3C rate. Needs special charger.RZSecondary battery - A battery which can be recharged and used repeatedly.Self-discharge - Capacity loss during storage due to the internal current leakage between the positive and negative plates.Series connection - The connection of, two or more, similar cells in a chain to form a battery of higher voltage by connecting the positive terminal of each cell to the to negative terminal of the next cell.Smart Battery - An intelligent battery which contains information about its specification, its status and its usage profile which can be read by its charger or the application in which it is used.Solar cell - A photovoltaic cell. Solar cells convert sunlight energy into electric current. They do not store energy.Spiral Wound - Battery construction in which the electrodes with the electrolyte and separator between them are rolled into a spiral like a jelly roll (Swiss roll). State of Charge- SOC - The available capacity of a battery expressed as a percentage of its rated capacity.State of Health- SOH - A measurement that reflects the general condition of a battery and its ability to deliver the specified performance compared with a fresh battery. It takes into account such factors as charge acceptance, internal resistance, voltage and self-discharge. It is not as precise as the SOC determination.Storage life - The length of time a cell or battery can be stored on open circuit without permanent deterioration of its performance.Traction battery - A high power deep cycle secondary battery designed to power electric vehicles or heavy mobile equipment.Trickle charge - A continuous charge at low rate, balancing losses through local action and/or periodic discharge, to maintain a cell or battery in a fully charged condition. Normally at a C/20 to C/30 rate.UL - Underwriters Laboratories Inc - (UL) is an independent, not-for-profit product safety testing and certification organization based in the USA. UL marking indicates that the product conforms with the safety standards laid down by Underwriters Laboratories.UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply.Voltage - Units of measuring electrical current, all batteries are rated in volts DC. (Direct Current). This determines how much energy is needed to power your equipment.Voltage plateau（电压平台） - A slow decrease in voltage over a long period of time. As a rule, the plateau extends from the first voltage drop at the start of the discharge to the bend of the curve after which the voltage drops rapidly at the end. Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/L) - The energy output per unit volume of a battery.Volumetric Power Density (W/L) -The power output per unit volume of a battery.Watt - A unit of power, the rate of doing work. Watts = Amps X Volts = One Joule per second.WattHours Wh - A measure of the energy capacity of a battery. The amount of work done in one hour. 1 Wh = 3.6 kJ.Working voltage（工作电压）- The working voltage of a cell or battery begins at its electrical connections as soon as an electrical consumer is connected to it.Capacity(容量）- The capacity of a cell is defined as how many milli-amp-hours (mAh) of current the cell canstore and subsequently deliver. One milli-amp (mA) is 1/1000th of an Amp. Somelarger cell capacities are expressed in Amp-hours (Ah). “Rated capacity” is varies with discharge rate, temperature, and cutoff voltage.Rated capacity is different from power or energyExample:If a cell is rated at 1000 mAh, then it can deliver the following:1000 mA of current for 1 hour500 mA of current for 2 hours200 mA of current for 5 hours2000 mA of current for 1/2 hourEnergy Density (能量密度，包括体积比能量和质量比能量）-The energy density of a cell is a measure of how much energy can be stored in the cell per unit volume or per unit weight.E (watt-hours) = cell voltage x capacity rating Energy density per unit volume is called the “volumetric energy density” and is expressed in terms of watt-hours/liter (wh/l).Energy density per unit weight is called the “gravimetric energy density” and is expressedin terms of watt-hours/kilogram (wh/kg).These measurements are useful when you are trying to determine which cell has the most capacity per unit volume or weight.Ageing（老化）- Permanent loss of capacity with frequent use or the passage of time due to unwanted irreversible chemical reactions in the cell.Anode（阳极） - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where oxidation takes place, releasing electrons. During discharge the negative electrode of the cell is the anode. During charge the situation reverses and the positive electrode of the cell is the anode.Cathode（阴极） - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction takes place, gaining electrons. During discharge the positive electrode of the cell is the cathode. During charge the situation reverses and the negative electrode of the cell is the cathode.Cycle （循环）- A single charge and discharge of a battery.Depth of discharge DOD （放电深度）- The ratio of the quantity of electricity or charge removed from a cell on discharge to its rated capacity.Internal impedance（交流内阻） - Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell. It takes into account the capacitive effect of the plates forming the electrodes.Internal resistance （直流内阻）- Resistance to the flow of DC electric current within a cell, causing a voltage drop across the cell in closed circuit proportional to the current drain from the cell. A low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate cell.电池常用术语（二）序号 首字母 英文 中文1. A aging 老化2. B battery charger 充电器3. black-fleck 黑斑4. burst vent 防爆阀5. C cap 盖板6. capacity density 能量密度7. capacity grading 分容8. cathode tab welding 极耳超焊9. cell 电芯10. charge(capacity) retention 荷电（容量）保持11. checking code 检码12. concave spot 凹点13. constant current charge 恒流充电14. constant current discharge 恒流放电15. constant voltage charge 恒压充电16. corrective measures 纠正措施17. crack 裂纹18. cut-off voltage 终止电压19. cycle life 循环寿命20. dark trace 暗痕21. degrade 降级22. dent 凹痕23. discharge depth 放电深度24. distortion 变形25. drape 打折26. Electrical and Mechanical Services Department 机电部27. electrolyte 电解，电解液28. empaistic 压纹29. end-off voltage 放电截止电压30. environmental friendly 对环境友好31. equipment first inspection 设备首检32. erode 腐蚀33. explosion-proof line 防爆线34. filling port 注液孔35. first inspection 首检36. foil 箔37. formation 化成38. fracture 断裂39. inspection 检验40. insulate 绝缘41. internal resistance 内阻42. jellyroll 卷芯43. joint 接缝，结合点44. laser deflecting 偏光45. laser reticle 激光刻线46. laser welding-flatwise weld 激光焊接-平焊47. laser welding-standing weld 激光焊接-立焊48. leakage 漏液49. leak-checking 测漏50. leaving out of welding 漏焊51. limited charge voltage 充电限制电压52. local action 自放电53. margin turnly 翘边54. measuring the dimension of cells 电芯卡尺寸55. meet requirement 达到要求56. memory effects 记忆效应57. nick 划痕58. nominal voltage 标称电压59. notice-board confirmation 看板确认60. nugget 硬块61. obverse 正面62. open circuit voltage 开路电压63. over charge 过充64. over discharge 过放65. over the thickness 超厚66. particle 颗粒67. parallel-plate prismatic design 方形叠片式设计68. PE membrane PE膜69. pit 坑点70. placing cells into the box 电芯装盒71. point inspection 点检72. preventive measures 预防措施73. pricking the tapes 扎孔74. process inspection 制程检验75. put the battery piled up 将电芯叠放在一起76. qualified products 合格品77. quality assurance 质量保证78. quality control 质量控制79. quality improvement 质量改进80. quality match 品质配对81. quality planning 质量策划82. rated capacity 额定容量83. recharge 再充电84. refitting the can of cell 电芯壳口整形85. requirment 要求86. reverse 背面，反面87. rework 返工88. ringing cells into pyrocondensation films 套热缩膜89. safety vent 安全阀90. sand aperture 砂眼91. scar 疤痕92. secondary battery 二次电池93. self discharge 自放电94. select appearance 选外观95. sharp-set 批锋96. short circuit checking 测短路97. smudginess 污物98. spirally/cylindrical wound type 圆柱形99. spot welding by laser 激光点焊100. spot welding place 点焊位置101. spraying the code 喷码102. spur 毛刺103. steel strap 钢带104. sticking the PVC cover boards 贴面垫105. storing 陈化106. storing with high voltage 高压储存107. tabs deflection 极耳歪斜108. tabs excursion 极耳错位109. technics requiment 工艺要求110. ultrasonic welding 超声波焊