理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系ppt课件

.,理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系,.,逻辑思维能力运用到对文章的深层理解过程。这需要对种种逻辑概念有一定的知识积累。一般要根据事实、现象或常识，而后进行本质比较和分析进行逻辑推理。要搞清常见的逻辑关系。从上下文中看出语意发展的路径。逻辑思维的方向主要指：并列、递进、因果、转折、反正、比较、对照、例证、结论等。文章的逻辑性体现在结构上层次分明，语意上连贯通顺，前后呼应。,.,逻辑分析的细节,1主次关系与要义提炼2事实与逻辑推断：因果、顺序、正反、对应、并列、递进、转折、让步、例举、条件、。3.立论与解释和说明4比较与对照5例证与结论6主题与支撑7包容与被包容8总体与具体9前提与结论的呼应关系,.,注意寻找逻辑衔接词语,1。并列与递进：also,inaddition,whatsmore,moreover,likewise,similarly,2。转折：however,onthecontrary,insteadof,3。因果：dueto,therefore,asaresult,2。肯定和否定：certainly,never,instead,3。让步与条件：although,unless,aslongas,4。时间与空间：while,until,afterwards,5。顺序推展：firstofall,then,finally,6。列举说明：forinstanced,forexample,suchas,8。总结概括：generallyspeaking,inconclusion,.,注意对句子概念的理解,1。要搞清楚7句话所表达的方向：哪个是核心句？哪个是上下文过渡句？哪个是总结性句子？句子所处什么位置？2。要在文中迅速找到对应部分3。要把握短文内容的整体理解4。要积累不同文体表述特点5。要小心：搞错一个，等于错掉两个,.,2009全国高考宁夏、海南试题,根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gettingyourchildrentostudycanbealittlelikegettingthemtoeattheirvegetables.1Makeastudytimeandhaveitatthesametimeeveryday.Thiswillhelpyourkidstolearntoscheduletheirdayandwillgivethemasenseofcontroloverhowtheyspendtheirtime.Allowthemtostudyinblocksoftime,suchasforhalfanhourwithafive-minutebreakinthemiddle.2Ideal(理想的)studytimesareafterdinnerorrightafterschoolbeforedinner.,.,Neverallowyourchildrentostudyinfrontofthetelevision,asthatwillencouragepassiveactivity.3.Youllalsoneedtohelpyourkidsfindtherightplacetostudy.Afteryouresetupagoodstudytimeforlittlelearners,setupagoodplacewheretheycangetthosecreativejuicesflowing.4.Makesurethereisatableoradeskandacomfortablechair.5.Thisincludeshelpingthemoutwiththeirhomeworksometimesandbeingthereforthemwiththeanswertoanyquestions.Theinputyougiveyourchildrenduringstudyperiodswillhelpformabondandhelpmakestudyingenjoyable.,.,Pickaplacewhereyourchildrencanstudyproperly.Holdthemtothescheduletheycreateforthemselves.Finally,spendtimewithyourkidswhentheyrestudying.Keeptheatmospherelightandofferlotsofencouragement,too.Instead,useTVasatreatorarewardwhenthehomeworkiscompleted.Trytostopthisbadhabitbyofferingsomesortorreward.Oneofthebestwaystoformgoodstudyhabitsforyourkidsistodesignaschedulethattheykeepto.,答案：1.G2.B3.E4.A5.C,.,判断方法：下文一般都是对上文的解释和说明；或前后呼应。G上句为题干：Oneofthebestwaystoformgoodstudyhabitsforyourkidsistodesignaschedulethattheykeepto.养成孩子好的学习习惯最好的方法之一就是设计他们要坚持的时间表。接下来的一句：Makeastudytimeandhaveitatthesametimeeveryday.做一个学习时间表，每天在同一时间学习。其中的关键词：schedule和makeastudytime,.,2.B在题干中找上句：Holdthemtothescheduletheycreateforthemselves.坚守他们自己创造的日程安排。与下句能连贯起来：Idealstudytimesareafterdinnerorrightafterschoolbeforedinner.理想的学习时间是饭后或放学后。3.E上句：Neverallowyourchildrentostudyinfrontofthetelevision,asthatwillencouragepassiveactivity.千万别让你的孩子在电视前学习，因为那会加剧消极活动。在题干中找到下句：Instead,useTVasatreatorarewardwhenthehomeworkiscompleted.而是要把看电视作为做完功课的奖励。其中关键词语是Instead和Never。,_,_,.,4.A看题干：Pickaplacewhereyourchildrencanstudyproperly.选择一个适合孩子读书地方。与下句正好呼应的是：Makesurethereisatableoradeskandacomfortablechair.一定要有一张桌子和一把舒适的椅子。,.,5.C看题干：Finally,spendtimewithyourkidswhentheyrestudying.孩子做功课时要和他们在一起。（作为最后一段的文字前，通常用Finally作为结束。）连贯下来：Thisincludeshelpingthemoutwiththeirhomeworksometimesandbeingthereforthemwiththeanswertoanyquestions.Theinputyougiveyourchildrenduringstudyperiodswillhelpformaboneandhelpmakestudyingenjoyable.这包括有时要帮助孩子做作业，回答问题。在学习期间你对孩子的倾注将有助于巩固情感并使学习有乐趣。,.,Gettingyourchildrentostudycanbealittlelikegettingthemtoeattheirvegetables.1Makeastudytimeandhaveitatthesametimeeveryday.Thiswillhelpyourkidstolearntoscheduletheirdayandwillgivethemasenseofcontroloverhowtheyspendtheirtime.,Oneofthebestwaystoformgoodstudyhabitsforyourkidsistodesignaschedulethattheykeepto,.,Allowthemtostudyinblocksoftime,suchasforhalfanhourwithafive-minutebreakinthemiddle.2Ideal(理想的)studytimesareafterdinnerorrightafterschoolbeforedinner.,Holdthemtothescheduletheycreateforthemselves.,.,Neverallowyourchildrentostudyinfrontofthetelevision,asthatwillencouragepassiveactivity.3:,Instead,useTVasatreatorarewardwhenthehomeworkiscompleted.,.,4:Makesurethereisatableoradeskandacomfortablechair.,Pickaplacewhereyourchildrencanstudyproperly.,.,5.Thisincludeshelpingthemoutwiththeirhomeworksometimesandbeingthereforthemwiththeanswertoanyquestions.Theinputyougiveyourchildrenduringstudyperiodswillhelpformabondandhelpmakestudyingenjoyable.,Finally,spendtimewithyourkidswhentheyrestudying.,.,2009辽宁卷,71Homecanbeagreatplaceforchildrentostudy.Itsimportanttoprovideaworkspaceoftheirownwheretheycanreadbooksorjustwritealettertotheirfriends.,.,Location(位置)72Kitchenanddiningroomarenotsowellsuitedforregularstudy,sincebooksandpensgetinthewayoftheday-to-dayusesofthoseareas.Setupaplacewhereachildcansettleinandleavepapersandpensathandwithouthavingtocleareverythingawayeachnight.Forachildthatlikesbeingalone,setasideacornerofhisbedroom,butkeepitseparatefromthingslikegames,musicandotherhobbiesnotrelatedtostudying.,.,KeepingThingsinOrderParentsshouldencouragetheirchildtospreadout,buttoleaveitneatandorderlywhenitisntusinghisworkspace.Ownershipisveryimportantforself-respect.73Theworkplaceshouldbepersonal,butnotanotherpartoftheplayroom.,.,74Encouragethewholefamilytohelpbuildasupportiveenvironmentthatchildrenneedforsuccessinschool.Givethemagoodexampleofhowtomanagetimeandgetthingsdoneintherightway.75Studywillbemoreenjoyableandeffectivewhensupportedbythewholefamily.,.,AttitudeIsEverything.BringOrganizationintoYourHome.Hereareseveralwaystochoosealocation.BuildingaGoodHomeLearningEnvironment.Holdacan-doattitudeandyourchildwillfollowyourexample.Settingupaspaceinacommonareaofyourhomecanbeagoodideaforchildren.Achildwholearnstoorganizehisspacewillcarryorganizationintoeverycornerofhislife.,.,71Homecanbeagreatplaceforchildrentostudy.Itsimportanttoprovideaworkspaceoftheirownwheretheycanreadbooksorjustwritealettertotheirfriends.,根据后文：Homecanbeagreatplaceforchildrentostudy.家园是孩子们学习的理想场所。D项：“建设一个好的家庭学习环境。”作为本文的标题，即主旨要义。,D:BuildingaGoodHomeLearningEnvironment.,.,Location(位置)72Kitchenanddiningroomarenotsowellsuitedforregularstudy,sincebooksandpensgetinthewayoftheday-to-dayusesofthoseareas.Setupaplacewhereachildcansettleinandleavepapersandpensathandwithouthavingtocleareverythingawayeachnight.Forachildthatlikesbeingalone,setasideacornerofhisbedroom,butkeepitseparatefromthingslikegames,musicandotherhobbiesnotrelatedtostudying.,_,_,安排一个固定的地方让孩子们可以手中拿纸笔不用每晚清理。,F:Settingupaspaceinacommonareaofyourhomecanbeagoodideaforchildren.,安排一个共用的地方给孩子是个好主意,.,KeepingThingsinOrderParentsshouldencouragetheirchildtospreadout,buttoleaveitneatandorderlywhenitisntusinghisworkspace.Ownershipisveryimportantforself-respect.73Theworkplaceshouldbepersonal,butnotanotherpartoftheplayroom.,上文：家长应鼓励孩子把东西铺开，还能在不用的时候摆放有序。对于自尊来说所有权是很重要的。接下来：一个学会安排空间的孩子必将把这种条理性带如他人生的每个角落。,G:Achildwholearnstoorganizehisspacewillcarryorganizationintoeverycornerofhislife.,_,_,.,74Encouragethewholefamilytohelpbuildasupportiveenvironmentthatchildrenneedforsuccessinschool.Givethemagoodexampleofhowtomanagetimeandgetthingsdoneintherightway.75Studywillbemoreenjoyableandeffectivewhensupportedbythewholefamily.,从下文知道：态度的重要性。从上文知道：有“能做到”的态度，孩子会以你为榜样。,AttitudeIsEverything.,E.Holdacan-doattitudeandyourchildwillfollowyourexample.,.,2010年北京卷考试说明样题,LifeStoryofDaveThomasSince1989,DaveThomas,whodiedofcanceratage69inhisFortLauderdalehome,wasoneofthemostrecognizablefacesonTV.71“Aslongasitworks,”hesaidin1991,“Illcontinuetodothosecommercials.”72“Hestillwontletanyoneseehisfeet,whichareoutofshapebecauseheneverhadproper-fittingshoes,”Wendysaidin1993.Borntoasinglemother,hewasadoptedasababyByRexandAulevaThomasofKalamazooinMichigan.AfterAulevadiedwhenhewas5,ThomasspentyearsontheroadasRextraveledaroundseekingconstructionwork.“Hefedme,”Thomassaid,“andifIgotoutofline,hedbeatme.”,.,Movingoutonhisownat15,Thomasworked,firstasawaiter,inmanyrestaurants.73“IthoughtifIownedarestaurant,”Hesaid,“Icouldeatforfree.”A1956meetingwithHarlandSandersledThomastoacareerasaKentuckyFriedChickenrestaurantownerthatmadehimamillionairein1968.In1969,afterbreakingwithSanders,ThomasstartedthefirstWendysOldFashionedHamburgers,inColumbus,Ohio,whichsetitselfapartbyservingmade-to-orderburgers.74,.,Althoughtroubledbyhisownexperiencewithadoption,Thomas,marriedsince1954toLorraine,66,andwithfourgrownkidsbesidesWendy,feltitcouldofferafutureforotherchildren.HestartedtheDaveThomasFoundation(基金会)forAdoptionin1992.In1993,Thomas,whohadleftschoolat15,graduatedfromCoconutCreekHighSchoolinFlorida.75ThekidsvotedhimMostLikelytoSucceed.,.,“TheDaveyousawonTV,”saysfriendPatWilliams,seniorvicepresidentoftheOrlandoMagic,“wastherealDave.Hewasntagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”,.,Buthehadsomethingmuchbetterinmind.HeeventookLorrainetothegraduationdanceparty.Eventhoughhewassuccessful,Thomasremainedtroubledbyhischildhood.Byusinghisexperienceanddetermination,Thomasturnedtherestaurantsaround.With6,000restaurantsworldwide,thechainnowmakes$6billionayearinsales.Heappearedinmorethan800commercialsforthehamburgerchainnamedforhisdaughter,now40.Hedroppedoutofschooltoworkfull-time.Thisdecisiontodropouthauntedhimuntilhewentbacktoschool45yearslater.,.,补全后看连贯,Since1989,DaveThomas,whodiedofcanceratage69inhisFortLauderdalehome,wasoneofthemostrecognizablefacesonTV.71“Aslongasitworks,”hesaidin1991,“Illcontinuetodothosecommercials.”,F:Heappearedinmorethan800commercialsforthehamburgerchainnamedforhisdaughter,now40.,.,:“Hestillwontletanyoneseehisfeet,whichareoutofshapebecauseheneverhadproper-fittingshoes,”Wendysaidin1993.Borntoasinglemother,hewasadoptedasababyByRexandAulevaThomasofKalamazooinMichigan.AfterAulevadiedwhenhewas5,ThomasspentyearsontheroadasRextraveledaroundseekingconstructionwork.“Hefedme,”Thomassaid,“andifIgotoutofline,hedbeatme.”,C:Eventhoughhewassuccessful,Thomasremainedtroubledbyhischildhood.,.,Movingoutonhisownat15,Thomasworked,firstasawaiter,inmanyrestaurants.73“IthoughtifIownedarestaurant,”Hesaid,“Icouldeatforfree.”A1956meetingwithHarlandSandersledThomastoacareerasaKentuckyFriedChickenrestaurantownerthatmadehimamillionairein1968.,A:Buthehadsomethingmuchbetterinmind.,.,In1969,afterbreakingwithSanders,ThomasstartedthefirstWendysOldFashionedHamburgers,inColumbus,Ohio,whichsetitselfapartbyservingmade-to-orderburgers.74,E:With6,000restaurantsworldwide,thechainnowmakes$6billionayearinsales.,.,In1993,Thomas,whohadleftschoolat15,graduatedfromCoconutCreekHighSchoolinFlorida.75ThekidsvotedhimMostLikelytoSucceed.,B:HeeventookLorrainetothegraduationdanceparty.,.,（2010北京海淀区1月模拟题-E篇）WarrenBuffettForsomeonewhoissuchasuccessfulinvestor,WarrenBuffettcomesoffasaprettyordinaryguy.HewasbornonAugust30,1930.71Heusedtodoor-to-doorandsellsodawater.WhenhisfamilymovedtoWashington,BuffettbecameapaperboyforTheWashingtonPost.Buffettranhisfivepaperroutesandevenaddedmagazinestoroundouthisproductofferings.Whilestillinschool,hewasmaking$175amonth,afull-timewageformanymen.,.,72Hespent$1,200on40acresoffarmlandinNebraska.Heandafriendalsomade$50aweekbyplacingpinballmachinesinbarbershops.Theycalledtheirventure(企业)WilsonCoinOperatedMachineCo.,.,Alreadyasuccessfulsmall-timebusinessman,BuffettwasntinterestedingoingtocollegebutendedupattheuniversityofPennsylvania-hisfatherencouragedhimtogo.73ButhewasturneddowninwhathadtobeoneoftheworstadmissiondecisionsinHarvardhistory.TheoutcomeaffectedBuffettslife,forheendedupattendingColumbiaBusinessSchool,wherehestudiedunderProfessorBenjaminGraham,thefatherofsecuritiesanalysiswhoprovidedthefoundation(基础)forBuffettsinvestmentstrategy.,.,Fromthebeginning,Buffettmadehisfortunefrominveting.Hestartedwithallthemoneyhehadmadefromsellingsodawater,deliveringpapers,andoperatingpinballmachines.Between1950and1956,hegrewhis$9,800to$14,000.74Andthenhegraduallydrewinotherinvestorthroughwordofmouthandveryattractiveterms.,.,75Hedoesntcollecthousesorcarsorworksofart,andhedisdains(鄙视)companiesthatwastemoneyonexpensivecars,privatediningrooms,andhigh-pricedrealvillas.Heisacreatureofhabit-samehouse,sameoffice,samecity,samesodawater.,.,ThenBuffettappliedtoHarvardBusinessSchool.Buffettismorelikelytobefoundinafour-starrestaurant.Whenhewas14,Buffettstillkeptgreatinterestininvestment.Evenasayoungchild,Buffettwasseriousaboutmakingmoney.OnethingisforsureaboutBuffett:heishappydoingwhatheisdoing.Buffettsinvestmentstrategymirrorshislifestyleandhisoverallphilosophy.Fromthere,heorganizedinvestmentpartnershipswithhisfamilyandfriends.,.,Forsomeonewhoissuchasuccessfulinvestor,WarrenBuffettcomesoffasaprettyordinaryguy.HewasbornonAugust30,1930.71Heusedtodoor-to-doorandsellsodawater.WhenhisfamilymovedtoWashington,BuffettbecameapaperboyforTheWashingtonPost.B