主谓一致课件

Unit1Usefulstructure,主谓一致南宁十五中学高一彭华凤,Usefulstructures主谓一致,语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,Theboy_diving.,They_diving.,BothJackandTim_diving.,Allofthem_diving.,NeitherJacknorTim_walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finishthefollowingexercises:,Bob,Bob_aworker.,is,Mike,MikeandBob_workers.,are,BothMikeandBob_workers.,are,NeitherMikenorBob_ateacher.,is,Bill,Neitherofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,knows/know,Allofthem_workers.,Noneofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,are,knows/know,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)HeandI_bothstudentsofthisschool.如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。,语法一致原则=形式一致,are,(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。,Thesingeranddancer_goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。Theknifeandfork_onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。Whatheisdoing_(seem)veryimportant.他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collectingstamps_(be)hishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。,seems,is,Or,either.or;neither.nor;notonly.butalso,whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。,就近原则,NeitheryounorIamwrong.There_(be)acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher_(wish)foraholiday.,is,wishes,Ratherthan,with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数使用就远原则。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,_plantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。Themotheraswellashertwochildren_totheparkeveryweekend.YouratherthanI_goingtodothejob.,就远原则,is,goes,are,仔细观察下列每对句子的不同之处，与你的同学讨论这些差异出现的可能的原因。1).Myfamilyisalargefamily.Myfamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.2)Allarehereexceptthechairman.Allisdone,sowecangohomenow.3)Hertrousersarebeautifulindeed.Apairofnewtrousersisinyoursuitcase.4).Thepolicearelookingforthelostboy.Thepolicemanisondutyinthestreet.,意义一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。,1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,Alloftheapples_rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple_rotten.整个苹果都烂了。不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,are,is,Noneofthemoney_left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_there.没有学生在那里。,is,is,2.every.andevery.;each.andeach.;no.andno.在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Eachmanandeachwoman_(be)askedtoattend.,Everyboyandeverygirlintheclass_(be)diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoice_（be）heard.听不到任何声音。,is,is,3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。,Hisfamily_abigone(be).他们是个大家庭。Hisfamily_allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。,is,are,4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolice_(be)searchingforathief.Thecattle_(be)eatinggrassonthehill.,are,are,5.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Thepairofshoes_(be)wornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoes_(be)wornout.鞋子破了。,is,are,6.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeans_(be)useful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeans_(be)useful.不是所有的方法都好使。,is,are,7.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Halfofthestudents_finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple_bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool_boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,8.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooks_(be)onthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclass_(be)50.,are,is,9.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”表示一类人，结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thehomeless,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;Theblind_(study)inspecialschool.Thehomeless_(be)welcometotheplacewheneveritis.,study,are,高考链接,1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_ofdesert_coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have,B,精析：alargenumberof后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案B,2._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are,C,精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用iscovered.答案C.,3._peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillion,A,精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为millionsof。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过e-mail传递信息。”答案A。,4.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_yet.(浙江2007)A.hasntbeendecidedB.haventdecidedC.isntbeingdecidedD.arentdecided点拨“whenandwhere(todosth.或+从句)”作主语时，谓语通常用单数。由题意可知要用被动，又由yet可知要用完成时态。,A,5.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.(辽宁2006)A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing点拨句子主语要和aswellas前面的成分thefather保持一致，故谓语动词要用单数，又由everySundayafternooninwinter可知应该用一般现在时。,C,6.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海2002春)A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen,D,7._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are,C,分数或百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。,单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类),8.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks_sosmallthatadayisunimportant.(湖南2007)isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen,A,9.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads_risingthesedays.(2006全国卷II)A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping10.Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.(江苏2006)A.isB.areC.wasD.were,A,C,11.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_alsotrueoftheJohnsons.(安徽2006)A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe12.Thecountrylifehewasusedto_greatlysince1992.(山东2005)A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged,B,B,13.ProfessorSmith,