Linux and solaris命令对比.doc

Linux and SmartOS CommandsTASK / OS Linux SmartOS table key (rh)= Red Hat,Mandrake, SUSE,. (deb)= Debian, Libranet,. (fed)= Fedora (gen)= Gentoo (md)= Mandrake/Mandriva (SUSE)= SUSE Joyent SmartOS You can find an open source versionat managing users useradd usermod userdel adduser chage getent useradd userdel usermod getent logins /usr/sadm/bin/smuser groupadd list hardware configuration arch uname dmesg(if youre lucky) cat /var/log/dmesg /proc/* lshw dmidecode lspci lspnp lsscsi lsusb lsmod (SUSE)hwinfo /sys/devices/* prtconf -v arch -k psrinfo -v isainfo -v dmesg iostat -En prtfru cfgadm -l /etc/path_to_inst read a disk label fdisk -l prtvtoc label a disk cfdisk fdisk e2label format prtvtoc partition a disk parted(if you have it) cfdisk fdisk pdisk(on a Mac) (deb)mac-fdisk(on a Mac)_ (md)_diskdrake format fmthard kernel /boot/vmlinuz* /boot/bootlx (see /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst) /kernel/genunix /platform/uname -m/ kernel/unix show/set kernel parameters /proc/* /proc/sys/* sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf sysdef getconf cat /etc/system ndd adb -k loaded kernel modules lsmod modinfo load module modprobe insmod modload unload module rmmod modprobe -r modunload startup scripts /etc/rc* (but may vary) /etc/init.d/ /etc/rc* /etc/init.d/ svcadm svcs start/ stop/ config services (rh)_service (rh)_chkconfig (deb)_sysv-rc-conf svcs svcadm shutdown (& power off if possible) shutdown -Ph now shutdown -y -g0 -i0 halt poweroff shutdown -y -g0 -i5 run levels *=normal states for more detail see /runlevels.html (set in /etc/inittab) 0: halt s,S,1:vendor-dependent 1: single-user 2-5*: multiuser 6: reboot 0: firmware monitor s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser 3*: share NFS 4*: user-defined 5: power-down if possible 6: reboot show runlevel /sbin/runlevel who -r time zone info /usr/share/zoneinfo/ /etc/localtime /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/ check swap space swapon -s cat /proc/meminfo cat /proc/swaps free swap -s swap -l bind process to CPU taskset (sched-utils) pbind normal filesystem ext2 ext3 ReiserFS zfs(OpenSolaris) file system description /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab create filesystem mke2fs mkreiserfs mkdosfs mkfs zfs file system debugging and recovery fsck debugfs e2undel fsck fsdb clri create non-0-length empty file dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired mkfile create/mount ISO image mkisofs mount -o looppathToIso mountPoint mkisofs;DEVICE=lofiadm -a /absolute_pathname/image.iso ; mount -F hsfs -o ro $DEVICE ACL management getfacl setfacl getfacl setfacl NFS share definitions /etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab dfshares NFS share command /etc/init.d/nfs-server reload_(rh)_exportfs -a share shareall NFS information cat /proc/mounts showmount nfsstat name resolution order /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf getent show network interface info ifconfig ethtool dladm ndd ifconfig -a netstat -in dladm change IP Joyent Public Cloud IP addresses are set in the Cloud Management Portal. Joyent Public Cloud IP addresses are set in the Cloud Management Portal. ping one packet ping -c 1hostname pinghostnamepacketsize 1 sniff network etherfind tcpdump wireshark (formerly_ethereal) etherape snoop route definitions route (rh)/etc/sysconfig/network (rh)/etc/sysconfig/static-routes (deb)/etc/init.d/network (deb)/etc/network /etc/defaultrouter /etc/notrouter /etc/gateways in.routed netstat -r route add telnetd, ftpd banner /etc/(telnet) (ftp varies; can use tcp wrappers) /etc/default/telnetd /etc/default/ftpd set date/time (from net: ntp or other) ntpdate rdate netdate ntpdate rdate auditing auditd /var/log/faillog audit auditd auditreduce praudit encrypted passwords in /etc/shadow(may vary) /etc/shadow min password length /etc/pam.d/system-auth /etc/default/passwd allow/deny root logins /etc/securetty /etc/default/login firewall config iptables ipchains ipfwadm (rh)redhat-config- securitylevel /etc/ipf/ipf.conf show installed software (rh)_rpm -a -i (rh)_rpm -qa (rh)yum list installed (deb)dselect (deb)aptitude (deb)dpkg -l (gen)_ls /var/db/pkg/* (gen)_eix -I pkgin list add software (rh)_rpm -hiv (rh)yum installpkg (deb)dselect (deb)_apt-get install_pkg (deb)dpkg -i pkgin install precompiled binaries* of GPLware and freeware* (deb)(deb)(gen)(gen); (md)/sdc6/ C compiler cc gcc /opt/local/bin/cc (gcc installed via pkgin) configure/show runtime linking ldconfig ldd lsmod crle ldd pldd modinfo LD_PRELOAD link library path $LD_LIBRARY_PATH /etc/ld.so.conf $LD_LIBRARY_PATH tracing utility strace ltrace dtrace truss sotruss define user defaults /etc/profile /etc/security/ /etc/skel/ /etc/profile.d/* /etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/security/ csh global .login /etc/csh.login /etc/.login default syslog and messages /var/log/syslog /var/log/messages /usr/adm/messages /var/log/maillog /var/adm/messages /var/log/syslog /