高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 核心语法项项破 专题5 非谓语动词课件.ppt

专题五非谓语动词,一、非谓语动词作状语(一)不定式作状语1不定式作目的状语常用“soasto/inorderto动词原形”。soasto不可用于句首。不定式作目的状语且在句中时，一般不能用逗号将其与前面的部分分开。2不定式作结果状语常用在下列结构中：soasto;suchasto；enoughto；onlyto(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)；tooto等。,3在“主语系动词表语(形容词)todo”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。,4不定式只用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后表示原因。Tostaywarmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.为了在夜里取暖，我总是把火炉填满，然后把闹钟定在午夜，以便我能再填满一次。,Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.乔治战后返家，结果被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.这台机器操作起来很容易。任何人在几分钟之内就能学会操作它。,Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.我们惊讶地发现那座寺庙依然是最初的面貌。,(二)分词作状语1作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。3若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(havingdone)。,4若现在分词与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(havingbeendone)。,5若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。过去分词作状语可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等，置于句首、句末均可。如：ThegovernmentwilltakesomeeffectivemeasurestocontroltheheavysmogblanketingthenorthernChina.政府将采取有效措施控制笼罩在中国北方的雾霾。,IhavelearnedalotaboutAsiancustoms,havinglivedinthesmallvillageforthreeyearsintheearly1990s.20世纪90年代，我在这个小村庄里居住了三年后对亚洲的风俗习惯了解了很多。Punishedbyhisfather,theboywasunhappy.由于被父亲惩罚，这个男孩很不高兴。Theteacherenteredthehouse,followedbyhisstudents.被学生跟着，老师进入了房子。,(三)独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking一般来说franklyspeaking坦白地说judgingfrom/by根据判断：从判断,considering/takingintoconsideration考虑到totellyouthetruth说实话tobesure可以肯定地说seeing鉴于；由于；因为supposing假设；如果assuming假使given考虑到；鉴于provided(that)如果,(四)紧缩式状语从句分词(短语)作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while，when，once,if,unless等连词连用，构成紧缩式状语从句。Anyone,oncetestedpositiveforH7N9fluvirus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.任何人，一旦被检测出感染H7N9流感病毒，将得到政府的免费治疗。,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1_(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.(2015北京)2._(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015重庆),3_(absorb)inpainting,Johndidntnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015天津)4_(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.(2015天津)5SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents_(talk)overwhatisbotheringthem.(2015湖南),6Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,_(wonder)whethertostayorleave.(2015湖南)7Clearlyandthoughtfully_(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.(2014天津),8Children，when_(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2014湖南)9.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_(find)itdidntfit.(2014天津)10_(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.,【答案】1.Tocatch2.Raised3.Absorbed4Havingworked5.totalk6.wondering7.written8accompanied9.tofind10.Havingbeenasked,二、非谓语动词作定语(一)不定式作定语1用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。2被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的有：ability，idea，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time，chance等。,(二)分词作定语,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1Theparkwasfullofpeople,_(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.(2015北京)2Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.(2014北京),3Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.(2014重庆)4Therearestillmanyproblems_(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayonthemoon.(2014北京),5Theresanotepinnedtothedoor_(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014山东)【答案】1.enjoying2.watching3.returned4.tobesolved5saying,三、非谓语动词作补足语(一)非谓语动词(词组)作感官动词、使役动词的宾补1感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento等的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：,注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成的动作或状态。,注意：havesth.done还表示“使某物遭受”之意。如：Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.,havesb.doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。如：IwonthaveyouspeakingtoyourDadlikethat.我不允许你和你父亲那么讲话。have还可用于havesth.todo结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。Ihavealotofreadingstocompletebeforetheendofthisterm.,3下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看(lookat，see，watch，notice，observe)；3使(make，let，have)；2听(listento，hear)；1感觉(feel)。,(二)动词leave,keep,set,find,catch及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother_(take)goodcareofathome.(2015陕西)2.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit_(perform)liveisquiteanother.(2015浙江),3.Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts_(develop)aftergreateffort.(2014四川)4.Heisthought_(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(2014江西),5Theenginejustwontstart.Somethingseems_(go)wrongwithit.(2013重庆)【答案】1.taken2.beingperformed3.developed4tohaveacted5.tohavegone,四、非谓语动词作主语、表语1不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。Hishobbyisplayingfootball.他的爱好是踢足球。(侧重抽象意义)Whathewantstodonowistoplayfootball.他现在最想做的是踢足球。(侧重具体),用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1._(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.(2015安徽)2.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget_(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.(2014安徽),3.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying_(connect)(2014福建)4_(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.(2014湖南)【答案】1.Ignoring/Tmoted3.connected4Understanding,五、非谓语动词作宾语(一)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。,(二)下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/putoff,fancy(想象，设想);avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;canthelp(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape。,(三)beused/accustomedto,leadto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,cantstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,thankfor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。,(五)不定式作介词的宾语一般而言，介词后用动名词作宾语，但在介词but/except(除之外)，besides(除外还有)后常用不定式作宾语，如果在这些介词前有实意动词do的任何一种形式，其后用省去to的不定式，反之则用带to的不定式。【温馨提示】与but构成“只好”的短语，且其后要接不带to的不定式的还有：cannotbut，cannothelpbut，cannotchoosebut。,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.Whenitcomesto_(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.(2014江西)2Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout_(recognize)(2014北京)3.Itsquitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_(go)foraswim？(2014陕西),4Thewindowsoftheclassroomneed_(clean)5Istillremember_(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.【答案】1.speaking2.beingrecognized3.going4cleaning/tobecleaned5.beingtaken,六、独立主格结构独立主格结构从