unit 9 What makes a leaderppt课件.ppt

Unit9Whatmakesaleader?,1,Asenseofhumorispartoftheartofleadership,ofgettingalongwithpeople,ofgettingthingsdone.DwightD.EisenhowerDiscussionIfyouareelectedthechairpersonofyourcountry,whatisthefirstthingyouaregoingtodo?Whyisitimportant?,2,1.Whenyouselectapersontobeyourleaderatsomelevel,say,chairmanoftheStudentsUnion,editorofthecollegetabloid,whatsortofpersondoyouthinkhe/sheoughttobe?2.Haveyoueverhadthewishtobealeaderofsomekind?Doyoubelieveyouhavethequalitiesrequiredandthusyouwillturnouttobeacompetentleader?,3,IllustrationwithExamplesAnobviousfeatureofthetextistheabundantuseofexamplestoillustratethetopicsentenceorcentralideaofaparagraph.EvidencefromTextPara.2Centralidea:Leadershipisasmuchaquestionoftimingasanythingelse.Illustrations:ThreegreatstatesmenChurchill,RooseveltandLeninatthetimewhentheirrolewascalledfor.Para.3Topicsentence:Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.Illustrations:Thebriefbutforcefulmessagesthethreestatesmensenttotheirpeoplerespectively.,4,Para.4Centralidea:Leadersmusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturesAtrademarkalsocomesinhandy.Illustrations:LGJsnoseandearlobes;Ikesbroadgrin;Lincolnsstovepipehat,JFKsrocker.Para.5Topicsentence:Italsohelpsforaleadertobeabletodosomethingmostofuscant.Illustration:FDRovercamepolio;MaoswamtheYangtzeRiverattheageof72.Para.6Topicsentence:Eventelevisiondoesntaltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.Illustrations:TelevisionexposedNixonsinsecurityandHumphreysfatalinfatuationwithhisownvoice.,5,Para.8Topicsentence:Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.Illustrations:Heshouldbeable,likeLincoln,FDR,Truman,IkeandJFK,togiveagood,hearty,bellylaugh,insteadofthesicklygrinthatpassesforgoodhumorinNixonorCarter.RonaldReaganstrainingasanactorshowedtogoodeffectinthedebatewithCarter,whenbyhiseasymannerandapparentaffability.Para.9Centralidea:Peoplecanonlybeledwheretheywanttogo.Theleaderfollows,thoughastepahead.Illustrations:AmericanswantedtoclimboutoftheDepressionandneededsomeonetotellthemtheycoulddoit,andFDRdid.TheBritishbelievedthattheycouldstillwinthewarafterthedefeatsof1940,andChurchilltoldthemtheywereright.,6,7,MainideasTheleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership.Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.Leadersmusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturesforpeopletoremember.Leadersmustbeabletodosomethingmostofuscant.Leadersmustknowhowtousepowerandhaveawayofshowinghedoes.,8,Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.Theleaderfollows,thoughastepaside.Aleaderridesthewaves,moveswiththetides,andunderstandsthedeepestyearningsofhispeople.Agreatleadermusthaveinfectiousoptimism.Agreatleadermusttransformourneedsandfearsintocoherentpoliciesandprogress.Heis,afterall,merelythesumofus.,9,10,Noteverypresidentisaleader,buteverytimeweelectapresidentwehopeforoneNoteverypresidentisaleaderinthetruesense,buteverytimeweelectapresidentwehopewehaveelectedaleaderhopeforsth.wantsth.tobetrueortohappene.g.Heinvitedmetohisbirthdayparty;thisiswhatIhadbeenhopingfor.Whatwecandonowistohopeforthebestbutbepreparedfortheworst.,11,IneasytimesweareambivalentineasytimesintimeswhenwearefreefromdiscomfortorworryNotethatthiscontrastswithintimesofdoubtandcrisisintheprevioussentence.ambivalentadj.uncertainbecauseoftheinabilitytomakeachoice;havingopposedorconflictingattitudes,emotions,etc.e.g.Becauseofthebigdifferenceinfamilybackgroundsheremainedambivalentaboutthemarriage.IfeelprettyambivalentaboutwhetherIshouldtakethejoboffer;thepayisgenerousbutIhavetobeflyingallaroundtheworldmostofthetime.,12,shakesthingsupmakechangesinordertoimprovee.g.Theintroductionofdigitaltechnologyhasshakenmanyindustriesup.Severalplayersfromoverseashavebeenbroughtintoshakeuptheteam.,13,TheleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadershipTheleaderappearsonlywhenthepeoplefeeltheneedforsomeonetrustworthywhocanleadthemtoattaintheirdesiredgoals.,14,RooseveltFranklinD.Roosevelt,abbreviatedasFDR,(18821945)wasthe32ndpresidentoftheU.S.(19331945).Electedfourtimes,heinstitutedmajorreformsknownastheNewDealtocountertheeconomiccrisisofthe1930sandwasaforcefulleaderduringWWII.,15,eloquentmessageclearandforcefulmessage;amessagethatiseffectiveinpersuasion,16,Leadershipisasmuchaquestionoftimingasanythingelse.Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership,asChurchilldidin1940,asRooseveltdidin1933,asLenindidin1917.Andwhenhecomes,hemustofferasimple,eloquentmessage.译文：当领袖，掌握好时机很重要。领导者必须顺乎民心，应时上台。就像1940年上台的丘吉尔、1933年上台的罗斯福和1917年上台的列宁。一旦成为领袖，就必须发出简洁有力的信息。,17,straightforwardbutpotentmessagesexplicitlystatedbutpowerfulmessagespotentadj.strong,powerful,forcefuloreffectivee.g.Thisisapotentdrugtokillcancerouscellsbutithasunpleasantsideeffects.Hemadeaverypotentargumentinhisspeechforincreasinginterestrate.,18,theymusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturestheymusthavecertainphysicalfeaturesthatareextraordinaryanddominant,thusimpressiveLGJAbbreviationofLyndonG.Johnson(19081973),the36thpresidentoftheU.S.(19631969)IkeDwightEisenhower(18901969),the34thpresidentoftheU.S.(19531961),19,AtrademarkalsocomesinhandyAtrademarkisthenameorothersymbolusedtoidentifythegoodsproducedbyaparticularmanufacturer.However,inthiscontextitreferstothedistinctivesignormarkofthepresenceofaperson,suchasthestovepipehatLincolnworeandtherockerJFKlikedtositin.Thephrasetocomeinhandymeanstobeusefulinaparticularsituation.e.g.Keepthoseemptyglassbottles;theymightcomeinhandysometime.,20,LincolnAbrahamLincoln(18091865),the16thpresidentoftheU.S.JFKAbbreviationofJohnFitzgeraldKennedy(19171963),the35thpresidentoftheU.S.(19611963),thefirstRomanCatholicandtheyoungestmanevertobepresidentFordGeraldFord(19132006),the38thpresidentoftheU.S.(19741977).,21,AdlaiStevensonHereitreferstoAdlaiStevensonII(19001965),whowasanAmericanpoliticiannotedforhisintellectualdemeanor,eloquentoratoryandpromotionofliberalcausesintheDemocraticParty.HereceivedtheDemocraticPartysnominationforpresidentin1952and1956,butwasdefeatedbothtimesbyRepublicanDwightD.Eisenhower.NelsonRockfeller(19081979)the41stvicepresidentoftheU.S.underGeraldFord,22,Eventelevision,whichcomesinforalotofknocksasanimage-builderthatmagnifiesformoversubstance,doesntaltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.Televisionreceivesalotofcriticismasapowerfuldevicetopresenttothepublictheimageofapersonforemphasizinghisappearanceratherthanhisinnerqualities;einforreceiveblameorcriticisme.g.Theplanhadcomeinforfiercecriticismevenbeforeitsimplementation.Thedirectorofboardcameinforseverecriticismsformishandlingthedebtsofthecompany.,23,Eventelevision,whichcomesinforalotofknocksasanimage-builderthatmagnifiesformoversubstance,doesntaltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.译文：即使很多人指责电视善于营造表面形象，令表象夸张失实，也无法歪曲、掩盖或凭空捏造我们认识的领导者的气质。,24,HumphreyHubertHoratioHumphrey(19111978),vice-presidentoftheU.S.underPresidentJohnsonfatalinfatuationwithhisownvoiceexcessiveadmirationforhisownvoice?,25,Physicalclumsiness,26,CarterJimmyCarter(bornin1924),the39thpresidentoftheU.S.(19771981),wastherecipientofthe2002NobelPeaceprize.,27,TrumanHarryS.Truman(18841972)wasthe33rdpresidentoftheU.S.(19451952).HeapprovedthedroppingofthetwoatombombsonJapan(1945).,28,thesicklygrinthatpassesforgoodhumorpassfor/asbeacceptedasbeinge.g.WithherperfectcommandofGerman,shepassedforanativeGermanlady.Wearinghisbrothersuniform,hepassedforapoliceman.,29,RonaldReagan(19112004)the40thpresidentoftheU.S.(19811989),30,RonaldReaganstrainingasanactorshowedtogoodeffectinthedebatewithCarter,whenbyhiseasymannerandapparentaffability,hemanagedtoconveytheimpressionthatinfacthewasthepresidentandCarterthechallenger.译文：罗纳德里根曾经接受过演员的训练，这一点在他与卡特辩论时发挥了作用。在辩论时，他以轻松和蔼的形象让人感觉似乎他才是现任总统，卡特才是挑战者。,31,Peoplecanonlybeledwheretheywanttogo.Theleaderfollows,thoughastepahead.Peoplecanonlybeledtogowheretheythemselveschoose;noonecanforcethemtogowherehewantsthemto.Theleadershouldgowiththepeopleinthedirectiontheychoose,butheisnotjustoneamongthem;heleadsthem.,32,AmericanswantedtoclimboutoftheDepressionandneededsomeonetotellthemtheycoulddoit,andFDRdid.译文：美国人想爬出经济萧条的泥潭，需要有人告诉他们能做到这一点，这个人就是罗斯福。,33,1.WhatcanbeinferredfromPara.9abouttherelationshipbetweenthepeopleandaleader?Aleadershouldbeoneofthepeoplewhoseektorealizetheirdesiredgoals,butdifferentfromtheordinarypeople.Hemustbetheonewhotakestheleadinsuchendeavours.,34,Aleaderridesthewaves,moveswiththetidesThisisananalogy.Thetwowordswavesandtidesareoriginallyusedtodescribethemovementofwatersofanocean;heretheyareanalogouslyusedtorefertothedevelopmentofasituation.Whatitmeansisthataleadershouldchoosetogointhedirectionthepeoplewishtotake.,35,dignifyourdesiresrespectourwishesbysheerrhetoricmerelybyusingpersuasivespeechrallyingcryawordoraphrasethatisusedtounitethepeopleinsupportofanidea,36,Aleadermuststirourblood,notappealtoourreason.Aleadershouldstimulateourpassion,notjusttrytoreasonwithus.,37,wecantfakehimwecantpretendthatwehavealeader,38,How,accordingtothetext,wouldyouanswerthequestionraisedbytheauthorinthetitlewhatmakesaleader?Therearecertainqualitiesthatarerequiredofaleader,butwhatisquintessentialinthemakingofaleaderisthetimeandthepeople.Aleaderappearsonlywhenthetimecallsforone,andwhatisevenmoreimportantisthatitisthepeoplewhocreatealeader.Refertothelasttwoparagraphsofthetext:Hewontcomeuntilwerereadyforhimourstrengthmakeshimstrong;ourdeterminationmakeshimdetermined;ourcouragemakeshimahero;heis,inthefinalanalysis,thesymbolofthebestinus,shapedbyourownspiritandwill.,39,40,1.Supposeyouareoneofseveralcandidatesrunningforthepositionof,say,chairmanoftheCollegeStudentsUnion,captainofthecollegebasketballteam,headofthedramagroup,etc.,andyouaregoingtomakeaspeechtoyourfellowstudents,whosevoteswilldecidetheoutcomeoftheelection.Nowtrytoadvertiseyourselfinthespeech,explainingwhyyouthinkyouarethemostsuitablepersonfortheposition.,41,2.InthetextKordahasdiscussedcertainqualitieswhichhethinksaredesirableinaleader.Healsopresentstheviewthataleaderiscreatedbythepeopleatatimewhenoneiscalledfor.YoumayormaynotagreewitheverythingKordahassaidaboutaleader.Presentyourviewsinagroupdiscussion,exchangingyourideaswitheachotherandcomparingthemwithKordas.Hopefullyyourdiscussionwillleadtoyourownnotionofwhatmakesaleader.,42,43,Paraphrasing1.Theabilitytoarrangeandcontrolovereventsandactionstoachievedesiredresultsisaqualitythatismostrequiredofaleader.2.Heshouldbegoodatexercisinghispower/authoritywheredesired(thatsaqualityaleadermusthave),andheshoulddemonstratehimselftobeequaltosuchfunction.3.Theleadershouldbequickatnoticingwhatpeopleareinneedof,andgetaheadtomeettheirdemandswhileguidinganddelegatingthemtowardaspecifieddirection.4.Strength,determinationandcouragearemostimportantqualitieswemustacquire,withoutwhichwecanhardlyhopetomakeagoodleaderofours.Wecannotdeceiveourselvesbymakinghimappearwhatheisnot,nomatterhowskilledweareinimprovinghispublicimage.Wearewellawarethatheistherepresentativeofallofus.,44,1.Theoutcomeofthegamedependsnotjustontheskillsofindividualplayersbutalsoonthetimingofalltheplayersoftheteam.2.WhatIwanttoasknextishowwecouldsustainaconstantself-identity.3.Hefeltashamedofhimselfforthefoolishthingshehaddonewhenhisinfatuationwasover.4.Sk