unit5-water语法讲稿.doc

Unit5 talking about quantities一、 回忆一下什么是可数名词，什么是不可数名词普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两种：普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker,farmer,desk,factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat,rice,water,milk,orange等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象感念，如work,homework,time,health,friendship等）。常见的不可数名词：air空气water水ice冰money钱gas气体time时间work工作homework作业housework家务bread面包rice米juice果汁milk牛奶news新闻ink墨水information信息fish鱼肉meat肉sugar糖salt盐 tea茶furniture家具fun快乐weather天气advice建议traffic交通knowledge知识rain雨 wood 木材 二、谈论数量1、修饰不可数词much/little/alittle/agreatdealof/some/enough/no/alotof/lotsof /a bit of /a drop of /a piece of等eg：I want a piece of chalk 我想要一支粉笔Please give me a little ink. much milk enough rice little money a little orange juice a drop of water2、修饰可数名词many/few/afew/ quite a few (许多)/anumberof/some/enough/no/alotof/lotsof /several/ hundreds of/thousands of /millions of / a number of /a group of/a pair of 等eg: many books thousands of people quite a few cars lotsof tomatoes few mistakes注意：many 表示数量多 修饰可数名词复数much 表示量多 修饰不可数名词3、可数和不可数名词都可以修饰的 some/any/enough/no/ plenty of/a lot of/ lots of 等eg:Please give me some paper. I dont want to buy any magazines.4、一些易混词1）Few & littlefew用于修饰可数名词，a few 有一点点，表示肯定，few几乎没有，表示否定。little修饰不可数名词，a little有一点点，表肯定，little几乎没有，表否定。eg: Few of us study English. 我们中很少有人学习英语。We have few books. 我们几乎没有书。I have a little money with me. 我身上带着一点钱。There is little water in the cup. 2）How many & how much How many意为 “多少”， 用来询问可数名词的数量，后接可数名词复数。How much意为“多少”， 用来询问不可数名词的数量的，其后接不可数名词； 还可以用来提问价格，意为“多少钱”。Eg:How many girls are there in your class. How many storybooks do you have ?How many students are there in your classroom?How much water is there in the bottle? How much meat do we need to make dumplings? How much milk does the boy drink every day? How much is the computer?3)much too & too much /many too & many too （看末尾词就行）Much/ many too + adj/adv “很，十分，实在太”Too much+不可数名词 “太多”Too many+可数名词复数 “太多”Eg:The coat is much too large for me . We have too much homework to do every day. There are too many books on the shelf. 4)enough n/adj/adv “足够”修饰形容词或副词，放在形容词或副词的后面。修饰名词，放在名词的前面或后面都可以。 We dont have enough water to drink. The book is easy enough for you to read. He runs fast enough to catch up with the other runners. enough eggs enough milk enough time(=time enough)总结Countable nounsUncountable nounsBoth of them 多少how manyHow much许多manymuchA lot of(lots of)一些，少量的A fewA littleSome/any太少Too fewToo little很少，几乎没有fewLittle 太多Too manyToo much不多not manynot much(不)足够(not) enough一些Some/any没有no例句：Ihavemany/toomanythingstodotoday.我今天有许多/太多事情要做。Thereismuch/toomuchmilkinthefridge.冰箱里有很多/太多的牛奶。Ihaveafew/fewfriendsinShenzhen.我在深圳有一些/几乎没有朋友。Thereisalittle/littlemeatinthefridge.冰箱里有些/几乎没有肉。Hedoesnthaveenoughmoneytobuyacar.他没有足够的钱买车。Therearenoeggsinthebasket.篮子里没有鸡蛋。Th