2013年高考英语二轮复习语法考点综述

综述：对于语法的复习，我们没必要过分的强调，但是也要对一些高考常考的基本语法做到心中有数。在本文，我主要将0512年高考全国卷历年单项选择的试题做一下分析，旨在通过分析，来把握全国卷对语法考察的难度和深度，重在抓规律，抓典型。至于补充练习，可以根据自己的特点，适当追加。全国卷全国卷高考试题特点：1. 考察项目基本稳定。2.“借尸还阳”的现象时有发生。3. 考察方式短小精炼，但是内藏玄机。4. 不回避热点、重点5. 重在交际，体现能力，区分合理1、冠词：0515If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one.Athe; theB不填；aCthe; aD不填；不填分析：第一空属于固定搭配，表示交通方式；而第二空表示乘坐“一个样的火车”，算是对已知事物追加新的特征，用冠词“a”。068. Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before.A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one （已知、既定的）分析：本题仍然是对故事进行“新的定性”, 表示从来没听过比这更好的一个，用“冠词a”。0719. Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? A. the; theB. the; a-Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. C. /; theD. the; /分析：本题考察的正是冠词的基本定义，对于第一个人来说，“他要找Johnson的家”，自然是“既定”目标，“心知肚明”，而第二个人“他就从来没听说过本村有叫Johnson的人，所以当然是第一次提到，用冠词a”.088. Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the分析：本题第一空属于习语，而第二处属于对于习语的变形，比如：have a break, have a rest, have trip等等，所以，第二处自然加冠词a, 0914. What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC knowledge of oil painting. A. a；不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the分析：本题第一处表示说话者需要什么东西，第一次提到，用冠词a, 而后面对这本书的内容加以限定，是有关于什么的书，所以，算是既定，用冠词the.0619. I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of_ music in the film we saw yesterday?A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the分析：本题中第一空表示抽象概念，一般不用冠词，但是第二空后面画线部分告诉我们是“哪儿的音乐”，属于“已知、既定”的范畴，加冠词the。1133.It is generally accepted that _boy must learn to stand up and fight like_man.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填分析：本题是对常理的一种描述“男孩子应该学会坚强并像男子汉一样努力。”所以都指的是泛指，不具体指哪个人，都该用冠词“a”。1116.As he reached _front door, Jack saw_ strange sight.A. the;不填B. a; the C. 不填；a D. the; a分析：本题中的“reached”告诉我们“he”到达了某地，所以事实存在，属于“既定已知”的事情，加冠词“the”，而后面他看到某种景象，对于他来讲是“第一次”，加冠词“a”。1222. Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a1207. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填分析：这两道试题中的过去式，都印证了“已知、既定”的概念，所以第一处用冠词“the”，而后面的空，第一是常见不可数名词，不带冠词，第二个表示“又一，再一的概念”所以用冠词“a”。总体分析：我们通过对历年全国卷的分析，不难看出，它考察冠词时要么有上下语境，要么考察2个空，而且基本都是考察冠词的定义，有一定的规律可循。至于固定短语，需要同学们平时的积累，任何人也没有好的方法将其归类，便于记忆。属于“死记硬背”的知识。我们在复习的时候一定要注意以下三个方面：1. 定义：已知、既定加冠词the, 未知、待定加冠词a, 对已知事物追加新的性质状态特征用冠词a。2. 习语：at table（就餐）, have a seat, at school, by sea, 3. 特例：at the table（在桌子旁边）, on the back（击打某人的什么部位，用冠词the）。He got a second chance to do something. 他再有机会能做什么事情。He is a most kind person in the village. 他在村里是个非常善良的人。巩固练习：2、形容词和副词：056Is your headache getting_? Abetter BbadNo, its worse. Cless Dwell分析：下文的“Its worse”表示“更糟”，那么上文应该是问病情是否有所“好转”，暗含比较级。068. Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before.A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one分析：冠词部分已经提过，实际上也是和前文有所对比，用比较级。1020. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _.A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular分析：布莱克先生高兴的原因是“产品从没这么火过”，前后也有暗含的对比，never+比较级=最高级的含义。0614. Did you take enough money with you? A. not so much as B. as much asNo, I needed _ I thought I would. C. much more thanD. much less than分析：上文中对“enough”提问，问够不够，而下文的“no”, 说明不够，自然“需要的比带的多”。079. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease.A. veryB. farC. fairlyD. quite (不能修饰比较级)分析：此类试题，考察的是一种约定俗成，暨什么副词可以修饰形容词的比较级和最高级。1013. The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally 分析：本题，考察的是副词的含义，放在语境中，看哪个意思最贴近说话人的意图。I feel quite good. (rather, quite, fairly, very, extremely, pretty) He is pretty clever. It is rather cold outside. （暗含冷的受不了）It is quite ( fairly cold) cold冷，但是能忍受。Many, few, a lot, no, any可数Much, little, a bit, a lot, no, any 不可数Even, still, by far, far, 形容词或副词0710. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one.A. better-knownB. well-known C. best-knownD. most-known分析：本题中“of all the songs”在所有的歌曲中，肯定是选择“最喜欢哪个”。所以用最高级。0918. Its high time you had your hair cut; its getting _. A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much分析：本题也是考察固定搭配形式，属于记忆的范畴。（Too） much很，非常, （much） too太而不行, It was much too late. 太晚了！（too + 形容词或副词，表是太而不行）It was too much late. 非常晚！（没到不行的程度）0911. Im sure that your letter will get _ attention .They know youre waiting for the reply.A. continued B. immediate C. careful D. general分析：本题属于词语辨析，考察在语境中哪个最和语意。099. The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride _.A. most B. more C. less D. little分析：本题中的“loved”和“enjoyed”之间就有了暗中的比较关系，“喜欢”，“最喜欢”，所以用最高级。1112.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _another to play it well yourself. （全国卷II）A. quite B. very C. rather D. much分析：本题考察属于“冷门”, 考察什么副词可以修饰another, 属于口语习惯。1117Mr.Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for aboss. 全国卷IIA. better B. good C. best D. still better分析：本题和06年的高考题如出一辙。1226. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much_.全国卷IA. the best B. best C. better D. the better分析：本题也属于考察中的冷门，平时口语习语会用到，但是所有的教材中都没给出过如此的用法。拼谁的积累大，拼口语。1213. Next to biology, I like physics _ . 全国卷IIA. better B. best C. the better D. very well分析：“next to”表示“除什么以外”，我还喜欢什么，应该是很多里面挑出一样，用最高级，如同09年的第9题和07年第10题。综合分析：对于形容词和副词的考察，如果是考察比较级，那么一定要注意考题中的前后语境，根据语境推断是比较级还是最高级。例如：Jane kept weighing herself to see how _ she got.A. the heavier B. heavier C. heavy D. the heaviest尽管本题很短，但是前面的kept weighing也给出了语境，即反复称重，所以该用比较级。如果是考察词语辨析，那么也一定要放在语境中选择，所以，形容词和副词的考察点，我们抓住了，那么考题就不会难。除此以外，我们还要关注一下如下的三个方面：1）Surprisingly, strangely, commonly, generally, hopefully, 副词可以引导从句。It is strange that they didnt pick up the wallet.Strangely, they didnt pick up the wallet.2）Taste, sound, look, smell, feel, appear, seem, keep, stay, remain, turn out, prove, go, get, become, grow,等半系动词。3) Sell, cut, wear, tear, burn, write, wash等词汇表示物理性质时 (well, easily, smoothly) 后面常用副词修饰。4）特例：You are doing fine. 你见过吗？补充练习：3、介词极其短语：0510We hadnt planned to meet. We met _ chance.AofBinCforDby0618. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _.A. between B. through C. across D. beyond0716. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.A. for B. except C. besidesD. with0815. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here.A. with B. over C. at D. about0819. The house still needed a lot of work, but _ the kitchen was finished.A. instead B. altogether C. at once D. at least0913. Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of1114.This shop will be closed for repairs _further notice. 全国卷IIA. with B. until C. for D. at1216.100 is the temperature _ which water will boil. 全国卷IIA. for B. at C. on D. of综合分析：对于介词的复习，最关键的是要理解介词的基本含义，并能活用。以介词“off”为例，它表示的含义主要有2个( not on和not together)，那么你能通过下面的短语，体会它的基本含义吗？最终要会活用。set off （出发）使生气 set off the bomb. 引爆。go off, 走开，分散离开put off 推迟call off 取消take off 脱下，起飞，turn off 关闭see off 送行come off脱落give off 散发keep off,请勿践踏补充练习：4、代词：0513The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.Ait BsheCwhichDhe 分析：指代上文所提到的事物用“it”，强调的时候可以用“that(them)”，指代要说的内容用“this”，指代上文中提到的同类事物，“that, these” 指代所提事物的同类中的某个，“one, ones”1014. The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday. A. this B. that C. one D. it 分析本题中“it”做形式结构，指代后面不定式所提到的内容。068. Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _before.A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one分析，上文提到过，但是下文提到的和上文是同一类而非同一个的时候，可数名词单数用“one”替代，复数用“ones”替代。0912. The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get _ completely free. A. other B. others C. one D. ones分析：“买一增一”肯定是同类不同个，用“one”替代。1012. Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 分析：上文中提到了neither, 而下文中表示互相，所以肯定用the other.097. Charles was alone at home, with _ looking after him.A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one分析：表示 “没有任何一个人”的时候，必修用“no one”。 1111.I got this bicycle for _;my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. 全国卷IIA. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing分析：表示“免费”，用“for free”或者“for nothing”。1231. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do. 全国卷IA. either B. any C. neither D. none分析：上文中有“Bill”和“Peter”表示二者中的任何一个都不，必须用“neither”。1209. Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. 全国卷IIA. herself B. this C. that D. it分析，本题中的“it”也是形式结构，表示后面不定式的含义（to the airport just in time to catch her plane）。综合分析：代词的考察主要还是考察基本功能，即指代功能。复习中抓住了it, one, that, those, none, all, some, any, both, neither, another, other等就可以了，重点关注“that，none”。例如：-How about your new classmates?-Most of them are friendly. But I think _ is as friendly to me as Jackie.A. no one B. none, C. few D. a few对于所有数据的否定，无论是具体的数字（1, 2, 100, dozen, score, hundred），还是概数（Some, most, all, both, many, any, little, few, several），都用none来否定。另外，我们应该记住高考题中的经典，然后在做题中比较是否和考过的试题形似，用来判断所选是否正确。比如：Meeting my uncle is an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. (one=a moment)Few pleasures can equal _ of a cold drink on a hot day. (that = the pleasure ) 最后要习惯一些常见的表达方式。I will need 3 more books. I will need 3 books more.I will need anther 3 books. I will need 3 other books. There is little I can do for you. 补充练习：5、动词时态：057Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _?Adid they speak Bwere they speaking Care they speakingDhave they been speaking分析：本句祈使句表示命令，让人注意去听，那么肯定是听别人正在说什么语意。祈使句起到暗示时态的作用。058Did you tell Julia about the result? Awill be calling Bwill callOh, no, I forgot. I _her now. Ccall Dam to call分析：表示向别人保证马上要做什么的时候，一般用将来时。0715. Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home.A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC. would just thinkD. will just be thinking分析：本句最好用数轴分析。第二个人回答的是“You look sad”的时候说话人正在想什么，那么肯定是过去进行时。1019. Excuse me. I _ I was blocking your way.A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing 分析：Excuse me表示道歉。肯定是为做过的事情而道歉，所以主要时态应该是过去时，“没意识到刚才挡了某人的路”。也是暗示。0720. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had to B. didnt C. was going toD. wouldnt分析：“last night”，表示发生在过去，表示“本打算=过去想要去做什么”，肯定是过去将来时。0811. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining分析：本题中的条件句也是暗示，告诉我们事情发生在过去，所以答案应该用rained。1009. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn分析：本题中前后所有出现过的句子都用的是一般现在时，所以这里表述的是一个人的状态，应该用一般现在时。0814. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing分析：本题考察的是条件句，前面没有虚拟那么后面也没必要虚拟，所以“主将从现”，用“will”。098. Progress _ so far very good and were sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be分析：本题中的“so far”是典型现在完成时的标志，所以，很简单就是“has been”。类似的标志还有如下的短语by now, in the past/last few days, recently, lately, over the years, yet, already, never, ever, since, for some time, 3 times, it is the first time that I have done something. ever since等。0620. As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ rising these days.A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping分析：本题中的逻辑主语是“the number”，所以是单数，一下子就可以排除“B、D”，而“these days”表示进来，是现在时的标志，所以排除“B”。0612. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent 3,000 more than he_ for the wedding.A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned分析：本题中的“spent”是过去时，那么“计划”应该在“花钱”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。1123.Planning so far ahead _no senseso many things will have changed by next year. 全国卷IA. made B. is making C. makesD. has made分析：本题动名词做主语，所以是单数，“早做准备没用”，强调的是“事实”。所以用一般现在时。1124.I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _polite. 全国卷IA. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be分析：本题or前用的是was表示状态，那么后面也用过去时就可以了。1129.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _there. 全国卷IA. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain分析：“how long”，表示“段时间”，前面的“didnt know”,表示“过去不知道”，那么不知在那里躺多久，肯定是过去完成时。对于12年试题的分析略。1223. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step _.” 全国卷IA. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed1233. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. 全国卷IA. swim B .swum C. swam D. had swum1214. Did you ask Sophia for help? I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own. 全国卷IIA. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont1218. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. 全国卷IIA. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told三个基本时态：过去、完成、现在。定义：一般现在时：1）延续性动词：当前的状态。be, continue, keep, stay, remain, have, work, live, love, hate, know, 2）瞬间动词：表示当前一段时间经常反复发生的动作（或客观真理）。beat, cut, hear, see, catch, write, act, do, play. He eats apples. 表示人的某种习性。He eats apples (after he gets home from work).The meeting lasted 3 hours. 延续性动词一般不用进行时。I love computer games. You are being clever now! 你这会聪明了！（早干嘛了？）完成时：已经发生的动作对说话的点有影响或结果。（时间状语和语境）byBy this time next year, most of you will have been in universities. 过去时：时间状语。（that day, the other day, yesterday, last night, ago, when, during）在过去的某段时间内发生了什么事情。小心时态：一般现在时：“主”将“从”现：“从”状语从句(if, unless, as soon as, when, after, before, once, until)I dont know when he will come, but when he comes, I will tell you.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. You will never know how hard the job is unless you have tried it. 将来：祈使句、情态动词（will, must, can, may, shall, should, ought to, need）You can get your driving license if you pass the examination. My train leaves at seven tomorrow morning. The train leaves at seven tomorrow. 时态变种：Go, come, leave, fly, run, die, 表示运动趋向的动词：进行时代指将来。Ladies and gentlemen, the plane is taking off. Please fasten your seat belts. 延续性动词一般式，代指完成。 He worked there for 7 years. The meeting lasted 3 hours. He waited me 3 hours.现在进行时表示一般现在：He is always helping others.他总是乐于助人。倒装句：一般现在代指将来或进行：Look out! Down fells a stone. Here comes the bus.Be to do 句式：1）I am to have a rest. 我打算要休息一下。2）表示主语的作用和功能：My job is to teach English. 3)表示上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的命令 You are to be here tomorrow. 明天你们得来。4）和if连用，表要想怎么样，就必须怎么样。 If the trees are to survive, they must be watered at once. If you are to succeed, you must follow my instructions. 如果你要想成功，你就必须听我的。5）按计划执行的将来时： A examination is to be held next week. 6) be about to do.马上就要 I was just about to leave when a man came in. 重点：界定时间：-Peter, repeat what I said. -Sorry. I _. A. didnt listen B. wasnt listening C. hadnt listened D. havent listened-Brain, to the Broad Way 12.-_. A. I know it B. Got it C. I have got it. D. I have known it- What happened to the door?-_.A. A car knocks into it B. It is knocked into by a car C. It was torn by a car D. A car had torn it(已经形容词化的过去分词，tired, broken, interested, hurt, shocked, surprised, gone, lost)时间状语：in, in the past / last few years, since, They will be on separate holidays in a few days time.In the last 3 years, he has traveled across the whole continent. 补充练习：6、动词及短语：0514Before building a house, you will have to _ the governments permission.Aget fromBfollowCreceiveDask for分析：本题纯属考察动词、及其短语的区别。0718. Why dont you just _ your own business and leave me alone?A. makeB. openC. considerD. mind分析：本题属于股东成语的搭配。0810. - Could I ask you a rather personal question? A. pardon me B. go ahead- Sure, _. C. good idea D. forget it分析：本题属于情景交际+词语辨析。0915. If you leave the club, you will not be _ back in.A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved分析：本题考察了在具体语境下的词语辨析。0818. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _.A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved分析：本题考察了词语辨析。0713. I have _ all my papers but I still cant find my notes.A. looked throughB. looked forC. looked afterD. looked out分析：本题属于短语辨析。089. What are you reading, Tom? A. turning off B. turning around Im not really reading, just _ the pages. C. turning over D. turning up分析：本题仍然属于短语辨析。1008. M