南岛社会文化通论.doc

台東大學南島文化研究所南島社會文化通論九十二學年度第一學期授課老師：譚昌國助理教授學分數：3， 上課時間：每週三上午9:00-12:00上課教室：南島所教室課程描述 南島民族（The Austronesian-speaking peoples）的分布，西自非洲東南的馬達加斯加，東到南美洲外海的復活島，北起台灣，南抵紐西蘭島。在此廣闊地區內的民族多元且複雜，文化豐富且動態，是人類學家、語言學家、與考古學家田野調查的重要區域，也能對人類社會、文化與歷史等基本問題的探討，提供關鍵性的看法。對於這個民族的深入而有系統的研究，是人文社會科學發展的當務之急。台灣原住民是南島民族之一，也因此使南島民族的研究不僅具有全球性的與理論性的視野，也兼顧在地的與實踐的關懷。 本課程將對南島民族的社會、文化、與歷史作一概括性的導覽。作為研一的必修課，除了使學生對南島民族有一基本認識外，也希望能連結其他課程，讓學生繼續深入選修課程時有所參考。本課程分為三部分。第一是南島民族通論，從語言學和考古學等研究成果談南島民族的分布、起源、與遷徙。第二部分是南島民族區域研究。分台灣原住民、東南亞、大洋洲、和馬達加斯加四個區域來簡介其社會文化特色。第三是南島民族與人類學重要主題。將挑選人類學發展中，和南島民族特別相關的主題，逐一討論，包括禮物與交換、性別、權力、人觀、死亡與葬禮、祖先與起源、家屋與社會、歷史與時間等。希望學生能一方面熟悉南島民族誌，一方面掌握人類學重要觀念和理論。上課方式與課程要求 本課程為三學分，每週上課三小時，以討論課的方式進行，學生的充分閱讀和主動參與討論是基本要求，也是課程成功的關鍵。第一小時由授課老師講授，第二小時由預先指定的學生（二至三位）報告當週閱讀文獻，第三小時在講授者帶領下進行討論。評分方式則包括對平時報告和參與討論表現的考核（40%），一篇期中報告（20%）和一篇期末報告（40%）。期中報告以東南亞、大洋洲、或馬達加斯加的一個民族誌，用來探討一個人類學的重要主題。字數為3,000-5,000。期末報告以一個人類學的重要主題為焦點，自東南亞、大洋洲、馬達加斯加和台灣原住民四文化區中，選兩民族做說明和比較（每一文化區選一民族）。字數為6,000-10,000。建議購買（影印）教科書Bellwood, Peter, Fox, James, and Tryon, Darrell 1995 The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Canberra: Australian National University. Mack, John 1986 Madagascar: Island of Ancestors. London: The Trustees of the British Museum.Mauss, Marcel 1925 1990 The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. trans. W. D. Halls. London: Routledge.Sahlins, Marshall 1981 Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.黃應貴編1986 台灣土著社會文化研究論文集。台北：聯經。馬林諾斯基著，于嘉雲譯1991 南海舡人。台北：遠流。課程大綱第一部份 南島民族通論第1週 (2003, 9/17) 導論、課程說明與組織第2週 (9/24) 從語言看南島民族必讀書目Pawley, Andrew & Ross, Malcolm 1993 Austronesian Historical Linguistics and Cultural Theory. Annual Review of Anthropology 22: 425-59.Bellwood, Peter, Fox, James, and Tryon, Darrell 1995 The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Canberra: Australian National University. Chapter 1, 2 (Pp. 1-38).第3週 (10/1) 從考古看南島民族 必讀書目Bellwood, Peter, Fox, James, and Tryon, Darrell 1995 The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Canberra: Australian National University. Chapter 5, 6, 7 (Pp. 96-151).參考書目Bellwood, Peter1988 A Hypothesis for Austronesian Origins. Asian Perspectives 26: 107-118.1991 The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origins of Languages. Scientific American 265(1):88-93. Tsang, Cheng-hwa 1995 New Archaeological Data from both Sides of the Taiwan Straits and their Implications for the Controversy about Austronesian Origins and Expansion. In Li Paul Jen-kuei, Tsang Cheng-hwa, Huang Ying-kuei, Ho Dah-an, Tseng Chiu-yu (eds.) Austronesian Studies Relating to Taiwan, Pp. 185-226. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica. 第二部分 南島民族區域研究第4週 (10/8) 台灣必讀書目李壬癸 1997 台灣南島民族的族群與遷徙，頁18-54。台北：常民文化。馬淵東一著（鄭依憶譯）1986 臺灣土著民族。黃應貴編，台灣土著社會文化研究論文集，頁47-67。台北：聯經。黃應貴2002 戰後台灣人類學對於台灣南島民族研究的回顧與展望。人類學的評論，頁159-193。台北：允晨文化。第5週 (10/15) 東南亞必讀書目Reid, Anthony1988 Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce 1450-1680. Vol. 1: The Lands below the Winds. New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapter 1,2 (Pp. 1-61). 參考書目Wolters, O. W.1982 History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Bowen, John1995 The Forms Culture Takes: A State-of-the-Field Essay on the Anthropology of Southeast Asia. The Journal of Asian Studies 54(4): 1047-1078.Steedly, Mary 1999 The State of Culture Theory in the Anthropology of Southeast Asia. Annual Review of Anthropology 28: 431-54.第6週 (10/22) 大洋洲必讀書目Oliver, Douglas1989 Oceania: The Native Cultures of Australia and the Pacific Islands. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Vol. 1, Chapter 2, 5. (Pp. 27-65, 104-121).參考書目Oliver, Douglas1989 Oceania: The Native Cultures of Australia and the Pacific Islands. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Vol. 1, 2. 道格拉斯奧力佛原著2000 太平洋島嶼原住民文化。台北：行政院原住民委員會。Thomas, Nicholas 1997 In Oceania: Visions, Artifacts, Histories. Durham: Duke University Press.Sillitoe, Paul 1998 An Introduction to the Anthropology of Melanesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Lederman, Rena 1998 Globalization and the Future of Cultural Areas: Melanesianist Anthropology in Transition. Annual Review of Anthropology 27: 427-49. 第7週 (11/5) 馬達加斯加必讀書目Mack, John 1986 Madagascar: Island of Ancestors. London: The Trustees of the British Museum.參考書目Kottak, C., Rakotoarisoa Jean-Aime, Southall, A., Verin, P. (eds.) 1986 Madagascar: Society and History. Durham: Carolina Academic Press. (esp. Chapter 21.) 第三部分 南島民族與人類學重要主題第8週 (11/12) kula與交換 必讀書目Malinowski, Bronislaw1953 Argonauts of the Western Pacific : An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Chapter III, IV (Pp. 81-123). 參考書目 馬林諾斯基著，于嘉雲譯1991 南海舡人。台北：遠流。Leach, Jerry W. and Leach, Edmund (eds.)1983 The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Munn, Nancy 1986 The Fame of Gawa: A Symbolic Study of Value Transformation in a Massim (Papua New Guinea) Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.第9週 (10/29) 禮物必讀書目Mauss, Marcel 1925 1990 The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. trans. W. D. Halls. London: Routledge. 參考書目牟斯著，汪珍宜、何翠萍譯1989 禮物：舊社會中交換的形式與功能。台北：允晨。Sahlins, Marshall1972 The Spirit of the Gift. In Stone Age Economy, Pp. 149-83. New York: Aldine and De Gruyter.Gregory, Christopher1980 Gifts to Men and Gifts to God: Gift Exchange and Capital Accumulation in Contemporary Papua. Man (ns) 15: 626-52.1983 Gifts and Commodities. London: Academic Press. Parry, Jonathan 1986 The Gift, the Indian Gift and the Indian Gift. Man (ns)21: 453-73. 第10週 (11/19) 不交換(non-exchange)與不分離的所有(inalienable possessions)必讀書目 Weiner, Annette 1985 Inalienable Wealth. American Ethnologist 12: 52-65.1989 Why Cloth? Wealth, Gender, and Power in Oceania. In A. B. Weiner and J. Schneider (eds.) Cloth and Human Experience, Pp. 33-72. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. 參考書目Weiner, Annette 1976 Women of Value, Men of Renown: New Perspectives in Trobriand Exchange. Austin: Texas University Press. Weiner, Annette 1992 Inalienable Possessions: The Paradox of Keeping-While-Giving. Berkeley: University of California Press. Godelier, Maurice 19961999 The Enigma of the Gift. Cambridge: Polity Press.Mosko, Mark2000 Inalienable Ethnography: Keeping-While-Giving and the Trobriand Case. Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute (ns) 6: 377-96. 第11週 (11/26) 性別必讀書目 Errington, Shelly 1990 Recasting Sex, Gender, and Power: A Theoretical and Regional Overview. In Atkinson, J. M. and Errington, S. (eds.) Power and Difference: Gender in Island Southeast Asia, Pp. 1-58. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 參考書目Strathern, Marilyn (ed.)1987 Dealing with Inequality: Analysing Gender Relations in Melanesia and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Strathern, M.1988 The Gender of the Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia. Berkeley: University of California Press. Ong, Anna and Peletz, Michael (eds.)1995 Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.第12週 (12/3) 權力必讀書目Anderson, Benedict 1972 The Idea of Power in Javanese Culture. In C. Holt, B. Anderson and J. Siegel (eds.) Culture and Politics in Indonesia. Pp. 1-69. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.參考書目Geertz, Cliffoed1980 Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Errington, Shelly 1989 Meaning and Power in a Southeast Asian Realm. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Cannell, Fenella 1999 Power and Intimacy in the Christian Philippines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Borchgrevink, A. 2003 Ideas of Power in the Philippines: Amulets and Sacrifice. Cultural Dynamics 15(1): 41-69.第13週 (12/10) 人觀必讀書目 Geertz, Clifford 1973 Person, Time and Conduct in Bali. In The Interpretation of Cultures, Pp. 360-411. New York: Basic Books. 黃應貴1993 人的觀念與儀式：東埔社布農人的例子。黃應貴編，人觀、意義與社會，頁503-556。台北：中央研究院民族學研究所。參考書目 M. Carrithers, S. Collins, and S. Lukes (eds.)1985 The Category of the Person: Anthropology, Philosophy, History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Read, K. 1955 1967 Morality and the Person among the Gahuku-Gama. In J. Middleton (ed.) Myth and Cosmos, Pp. 185-229. Austin: University of Texas Press.Fortes, M. 1971 1987 The Concept of the Person. In Religion, Morality and the Person, Pp.247-286. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.第14週 (12/17) 死亡與喪禮必讀書目Hertz, Robert 1907 1960 A Contribution to the Study of the Collective Representation of Death. trans, by R. and C. Needham. In Death and the Right Hand, Pp. 27-86. Illinois: The Free Press. 參考書目Bloch, Maurice and Parry, Jonathan (eds.)1982 Death and the Regeneration of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Bloch, Maurice1988 Death and the Concept of Person. In S. Cederroth, C. Corlin, J. Lindstorm (eds.) On the Meaning of Death: Essays on Mortuary Rituals and Eschatological Beliefs, Pp. 11-29. Gothenburg: Acta Universitstis Upsaliensis. Schiller, Anne 1997 Small Sacrifices: Religious Change and Cultural Identity among the Ngaju of Indonesia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tan, Chang-kwo2003 Tradition and Christianity: Controversial Funerals and Concepts of the Person among the Paiwan of Taiwan. Oceania 72(3). 第15週 (12/24) 家屋與社會必讀書目Levi-Strauss, Claude 1983 The Social Organization of Kwakitul. In The Way of the Masks, Pp. 163-187. trans. S. Modelski. London: Jonathan Cape.1987 Anthropology and Myth: Lectures 1951-1982, Pp. 151-184. Oxford: Blackwell.Errington, Shelly 1987 Incestuous Twins and the House Societies of Insular Southeast Asia. Cultural Anthropology 2(4): 403-44.參考書目Waterson, Roxana 1990 The Living House: An Anthropology of Architecture in Southeast Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Carsten, Janet and Hugh-Jones, Stephen (eds.)1995 About the House: Levi-Strauss and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Fox, James1987 The House as a Type of Social Organization on the Island of Roti. In C. Macdonald (ed.) De la Hutte au Palais, Pp. 171-78. Paris: CNRS.Fox, James (ed.)1993 Inside Austronesian Houses: Perspectives on Domestic Designs for Living. Canberra: Australian National University.Bloch, Maurice1995 The Resurrection of the House amongst the Zafimaniry. In J. Carsten, and S. Hugh-Jones, (eds.) About the House: Levi-Strauss and Beyond, Pp. 69-83. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.蔣斌，李靜怡1995 北部排灣族家屋的空間結構與意義。收於黃應貴主編，空間、力與社會，頁167-212。台北：中央研究院民族學研究所。第16週 (12/31) 歷史必讀書目 Sahlins, Marshall 1981 Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.參考書目Sahlins, Marshall 1985 Islands of History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.1988 Cosmologies of Capitalism: The Trans-Pacific Sector of the World System. Proceeding of the British Academy LXXIV: 1-51. Biersack, A. (ed)1991 Clio in Oceania. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.黃應貴主編1999 時間、歷史與記憶。台北：中央研究院民族學研究所。第17週 (2004, 1/7) Kastom、傳統與文化認同必讀書目Keesing, Roger & Tonkinson, Robert (eds.) 1982 Reinventing Traditional Culture: The Politics of Kastom in Island Melanesia, special issue in Mankind 13(4). Articles by R. Keesing, R. TonkinsonJolly, Margaret and Thomas, Nicholas (eds.)1992 The Politics of Tradition, special issue in Oceania 62(4). Introduction, articles by J. Linnekin, R. Foster, N. Thomas.參考書目Keesing, Roger 1992 Custom and Confrontation: The Kwaio Struggle for Cultural Autonomy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Linnekin, J. & Poyer, L. 1990 Cultural Identity and Ethnicity in the Pacific. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Foster, Robert 1995 Social Reproduction and History in Melanesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Rutherford, D. 1996 Of Birds and Gifts: Reviving Tradition on an Indonesian Frontier. Cultural Anthropology 11(4):577-616. Kahn, Joel (ed.) 1998 Southeast Asian Identities: Culture and The Politics of Representation in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New York: St. Martins Press.附錄其他相關主題及參考書目1. 大人物社會v. s. 酋長社會必讀書目Sahlins, M. 1963 Rich Man, Poor Man, Big Man, Chief: Political Types in Melanesia and Polynesia. Comparative Studies in Society and History 5: 285-303.黃應貴1986 臺灣土著族的兩種社會類型及其意義。收於黃應貴主編，臺灣土著社會文化研究論文集，頁3-43。台北：聯經。參考書目Godelier, M. 1986 The Making of Great Man: Male Domination and Power among the New Guinea Baruya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Godelier, M. and Strathern, M. (eds.)1991 Big Man and Great Man: Personfications of Power in Melanesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ying-Kuei, Huang1995 The Great Man Model among the Bunun of Taiwan. In Li Paul Jen-kuei, Tsang Cheng-hwa, Huang Ying-kuei, Ho Dah-an, Tseng Chiu-yu (eds.) Austronesian Studies Relating to Taiwan, Pp. 59-108. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica. 2. 時間必讀書目Geertz, Clifford 1973 Person, Time and Conduct in Bali. In The Interpretation of Cultures, Pp. 360-411. New York: Basic Books. Bloch, M.19771989 The Past and the Present in the Present. In Ritual, History and Power: Selected Papers in Anthropology, Pp. 1-18. London: The Athlone Press. 參考書目Harrison, Simon 1981 Yams and the Symbolic Representation of Time in a Sepik River Village. Oceania 53(2): 141-62. Munn, N. 1992 The Cultural Anthropology of Time: A Critical Essay. Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 93-123. Appadurai, Arjun 1981 The Past as a Scarce Source. Man 16: 201-19.Toren, Christina 1988 Making the Present, Revealing the Past: The Mutability and Continuity of Tradition as Process. Man (ns) 23: 696-717.Gell, Alfred 1991 The A