高中英语语法非谓语动词解题技巧.doc

高中英语语法非谓语动词解题技巧 一. 非谓语动词的句子结构分析技巧 1._many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 2. _many times, he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told 分析： 句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面与后句一样也是个 独立句子成分，故选C。 句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构， 只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。 句子结构练习 3. _to the left, youll find the post office. 4. If you _to the left, youll find the post office. 5. _to the left, and youll find the post office. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 答案ACC 二. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语分析技巧 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。 First _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B 1._no buses, we had to walk home. 2. _Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home. A. There being B. It was C. There were D. It being 分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构， 即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。 句2. 同理选D。 三. 非谓语动词的语态分析技巧 分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。 1._from space, the earth looks blue. 2._from space, we can see the earth is blue A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See 这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 分析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2.我们主动看.即表主动，故选B。 3. The dirty clothes _, the girl hung them up outside. 4. _ the dirty clothes, the girl hung them up outside A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed 分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语 是“the dirty clothes”，和动词搭配表示“衣 被洗“，故选B。 句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语”the girl“，表示”女 与洗衣服，为主动关系，故选D。 四.非谓语动词的时态分析技巧 1. The building _now will be a restaurant. 2. The building _next year will be a restaurant. 3. The building _last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B. to be built C. being built D. built 分析: 句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。 句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来 的不定式，选B。 句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词, 选 三、当非谓语动词在句中作定语、状语和补足语时，从如下两个方面考虑非谓语动词的用法。1、首先对要考查的非谓语动词和其逻辑主语的关系进行分析，明确它们存在的关系，即主动、被动、进行、完成、将来等关系。一般说来，主动和进行关系用ing（现在分词），被动和完成关系用p.p.（过去分词），将来的关系用to do（不定式）。如1).When _ .the museum will be opened to the public.(02上海春，37)A. completed B. completing C. being completed D.to be compledA。非谓语动词complete和其逻辑主语the museum之间是被动关系,用Vpp。 2)._the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.(04,广东,26)A. Not completing B Not completed C Not having completed D Having not completedC。非谓语动词Not having completed和其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,并且complete的动作应在谓语动作have to stay之前完成的,所以用 -ing的完成式.3)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.(03,全国,21)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D.smokedB。 smoking 和其逻辑主语he是主动和进行的关系,所以用-ing。4)The expenses repairs cost a lot but its money well _(05,湖北,26)A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending B。 spent和其逻辑主语money是被动的关系,所以用p.p。5) Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.(04,北京34)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run B。 running和逻辑主语water 的关系是主动和进行的关系,所以用-ing。6)The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijin in 2008.A.hold B. holding C. held D. to be held.D。to be held和逻辑主语 the 29th Olympic Games的关系是将来和被动的关系,所以用不定式的被动形式。 2、分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系时，应考虑如下两种特定情况，我们称之为“有悖于非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间关系的规律的情况”：1）表示心理活动状态的P.P.和表示事物所具备的性质的-ing.eg: Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.(03北京春,35)A. tired , boring B. tiring , bored C. tired , bored D. tiring , boredA。逻辑主语Mr. Smiths 与tired的关系并非被动的关系，只是表明Mr. Smiths的心理活动状态；boring和逻辑主语speech不表示主动和进行的关系，只表示“speech”具有“tiring”的性质。 _and happy ,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.(06全国,32)A. surprising B. Surprised C. Being Surprised D. To be surprisingB。用surprised表示Tony的心理心理状态，不表示被动的关系。2) 用主动形式-ing表示被动的含义；用被动的形式P.P.表示主动的含义。 The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smeltB。逻辑主语 the flowers和 smelling 的关系是用主动的形式-ing表示被动的含义。因为感观动词smell、taste、sound、 feel 等相当于系动词，后跟adj作表语，用主动形式-ing表示被动的含义。 _ with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.(05北京春 34)A. to face B. having faced C. faced D. Facing_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南，34）A. Dressed B. to dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed.、题分别选择C、A。非谓语动词faced 、dressed和逻辑主语Arnold 、he在含义上是主动之意，但却用被动的形式P.P.表示主动之意。我们这样理解这种用法：由“系动词+P.P.”的结构表示一种状态，这种结构用于非谓语动词作状语时，只保留了P.P.形式。如get dressed穿上（衣服），get /be lost 失踪/迷失、be faced with面对等。3、固定用法。如：_ the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.(05全国II,17)A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D. Speaking generallyC。speaking 和其逻辑主语the camera 并无主动或被动的关系，非谓语动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响，这种结构我们称之为独立成分。如：Generally speaking 一般说来 Frankly speaking 坦白地说来Judging from 根据来判断 Considering 考虑到To tell you the truth 说实话 Seeing 考虑到 Supposing 即使，如果 Providing如果Saving 除了 Assuming 假使Admitting 虽说，即使四、当非谓语动词作句子中的主语和宾语时，其运用往往是以固定搭配为根据的。1、以it作形式主语，作为真正主语的-ing 放在句子的后面。Eg: It is no use/good doing sth.It is not any use/good doing sth.It is of little use /good doing sth.It is useless doing sth.2、只能接-ing作宾语的动词；只能接to do作宾语的动词；既可以接to do又可以接-ing作宾语的动词。只接ving作宾语的动词：考虑：consider;建议:suggest;盼:look forward to;原谅:excuse/pardon；承认：admit;推迟:deley/put off;（好）喜欢:fancy;避免:advoid;错过:miss;继续:keep/keep on;练:practice;否认:denny;完成:finish;(停)欣赏:enjoy/appreciate;不禁:cant help;介意:mind；准:allow;逃亡:escape;想象:imagine;禁止:forbid;（去）冒险:risk。只能用不定式作宾语的动词：决定 decide/determine ，学习learn，想要 want， 期望expect ，希望hope /wish，拒绝 refuse，设法 manage ，关心care，假装 pretend，提供 offer，许诺promise，选择 choose，计划 plan，答应 agree，请求 ask /beg，帮助help，afford, strive可接ving也可接不定式作宾语的动词：不喜欢:dislike，喜欢like更喜欢:prefer，爱:love,恨:hate；开始:begin/start,想:want，打算:intend;尝试try/attempt；不能忍受:cant bear;继续:continue;忽略:neglect，不能提供:cant offord所需:need；应该:deserve;记得:remember;停止:stop;忘记:remember。五、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。非谓语动词专练1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost 2. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 3. The Olympic Games, _ in 776B.C，did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 4. I would love _to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 7. Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 9. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 10. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 11. Tony was very unhappy for _to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 13. I really appreciate _to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 15. _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 16. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _the problem is to meet the demand _by the customers. A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 17. The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 18. Generally speaking, _according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 19. The teacher asked us _so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing. A. sat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 22. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 23. _the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 25. The flowers _sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 27. He looked around and caught a man _his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 28. This company was the first _portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 29. _with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 30. The storm left, _a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 31._on time according to the directions, I think , the medicine will work on him before long.A. TakenB. Being takenC. Taking itD. Having taken it32.Why was he fined ?He happened to _flowers in the parkA. been seen step onB. be seen pickingC. be caught to pullD. catch damaging33.He tried many times to crawl over the fence after evening class,_ each time by the guards in our school.A. only to be caughtB. having been caughtC. being caughtD. to be caught34. Speaking without thinking is _ without aim.A. to shoot B. shootC. to be shotD. shooting35. Many things _ impossible in the past are quite common nowadays.A. having been consideredB. consideredC. to be consideredD. considering36._the bad news , tears came into her eyes.A. HeardB. When he heardC. On hearingD. Having heard 37.The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.A. being robbedB. to have been robbedC. robbedD. having been robbed38. The hair cream was not very good as _ .A. to advertiseB. advertisedC. it advertisedD. advertisement39. After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A. being interviewedB. interviewedC. interviewingD. having interviewed 40. With a lot of difficult problems _ , the manager felt worried all the time.A. settledB. to be settledC .settlingD. to settle41. With all the magazines I needed _, I left the post office.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. to be bought42. The two presidents agree with each other on the whole, but much remains _ at the following meeting.A. discussingB. discussedC. to discussD. to be discussed43. She took her son, ran out of the house , _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors officeA. puttingB. putC. to putD. having put44. Tom looked at Jenny, tears _ her eyes, and shouted out the words _ in his heart for years.A. filling; having been hiddenB. filled; hiddenC. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding45. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they really dont needA. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuade46_ the truth, I dont agree with what you said just now.A. TellB. To tellC. TellingD. Told47. Comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ alone.A. to seeB. seeingC. is seenD. seen48. The performance of the host, _ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted a cold silence, however.A. had intendedB. intendedC. intendingD. to intend49. _ at failing in the math exam. John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.A. DisappointedB. To be disappointingC. DisappointingD. Having disappointed50.The policeman came up to the lonely house, whose door was open, _ there for a while, and then entered it.A. to standB. standC. stoodD. standing51.Do you have anything more _ , sir?Not at the moment. Have a rest then.A. typingB. to be typingC. typedD. to be typed52. Who did the head _ the wire?A. have fixB. has fixedC. have fixedD. has fix53. The famous writers play, _ in one of my books, was published in 1963.A. to mentionB. mentionedC. to be mentionedD. mentioning54. Which do you enjoy _ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home?A. spendingB. to spendC. being spentD. spend55. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked56. The illness can result in t