应用语言学 guy cookPPT课件

.,1,TheNeedofAppliedLinguistics,.,2,Inourdailylife,weuselanguagetocommunicatewithourfriendsandwritenotes.Whileusinglanguage,werarelyconcernaboutwhatislanguageandtheconceptoflanguage.However,peoplesometimesfacewithproblemsorchallengesthatrelatetolanguage,suchaslanguageteachingimprovementsandtranslatingimprovements,abouthowtopromotetheefficiencyofteachingandtranslating.,.,3,Toanswerthequestionandcomeupwithbettersolution,weneedasubjecttospecializeinlanguageandresearchaccordingtothelanguagetheoriesandanalysisinreasonandsystematicallyway.Thiskindofsubjecthastobedifferentfromtheoreticallinguisticsandfocusonsolvinglinguisticproblemsandimprovethelanguageefficiency.Thus,appliedlinguisticsisaninterdisciplinaryfieldoflinguisticsthatidentifies,investigates,andofferssolutionstolanguage-relatedreal-lifeproblems.,.,4,WehavereadthestoryabouttheTowerofBabelinthebookofGenesis,itisaboutthepeoplewerebuildingatowerwhichcantouchtheheaven.TheGodmessedupthelanguageamongthepeopleanddrovethemtoseparate.Fromthisstorywecanseelanguagecanbothreachtoharmonyandcoursediscrepancy.Inthecontemporaryworld,especiallyinmodernChina,wearefacingethniccontradictionsinpoliticsandculturalfields.Thestudyofappliedlinguisticaredealingconcernedwiththerelationofknowledgeaboutlanguagetodecisionmakingintheseproblems.,.,5,ExamplesandProcedures,.,6,1.Whichlanguageshouldbeaddedinuniversitiescourse?Chinese/spanish/IndianlanguageGujarati（古吉拉特语）,Chinese:theworldslargestfirstlanguage.,Spainish:oneofmostwidelydistributedlanguages.,Gujarati:largestsecondlanguageinschoolandlocalcommunity.,.,7,conductingasurveymakinginvestigationinterviewingstudentsandtheirparents.,.,8,2.Whichkindofcourseeducationalorganizationshouldoffer?,Courseshouldfocuson:writingorspeaking?courseshouldbetheoreticalorpractical?,.,9,basedontheneedsoflearners.offerdifferentcoursesandletlearnerstochoose.,.,10,3.Howtojudgetheauthorityofsecondlanguagespeakers?,anexperiencedmanvsawell-educatedman,Iamright!,Youarewrong.,.,11,Consultingathirdone.Employanativespeaker,.,12,4.Isitpropertosimplifyalanguageforconveniency?,.,13,Tojudgeitsadvantagesanddisadvantage.weighingtheprosandcons,.,14,5.IsEsperantoanecessity?,(Esperantoisaninventedlanguagethatwasdesignedtohelppeoplefromdifferentcountriescommunicatewitheachother.)今天，以世界语为母语的人士约1000人。能流利使用的人估计十万到两百万人。,.,15,Nowadays,aroundonethousandpeopleuseEsperantoastheirnativelanguageandabout100thousandortwomillionpeoplecanmasterit.,.,16,TheScopeofAppliedLinguistics,.LanguageandEducation,.,17,1.AL2.StandardLanguageEducation;3.AdditionalLanguageEducation;4.MultilingualEducation;5.LearnerAutonomyinLanguageLearning;6.EducationalTechnologyandLanguageLearning;7.ClinicalLinguistics;8.LanguageTest;,.,20,4.AcronymsandabbreviationsofLE,ALL:ApprenticeshipLanguageLearningCALL:computer-assistedlanguagelearningCLIL:contentandlanguageintegratedlearningCELI:CertificatodiConoscenzadellaLinguaItalianaCLL:communitylanguagelearningDELE:DiplomadeEspaolcomoLenguaExtranjeraDELF:diplmedtudesenlanguefranaiseEFL:EnglishasaforeignlanguageELL:EnglishlanguagelearningELT:Englishlanguageteaching,.,21,FLL:foreignlanguagelearningFLT:foreignlanguageteachingHLL:heritagelanguagelearningL1:firstlanguage,nativelanguage,mothertongueL2:secondlanguage(oranyadditionallanguage)LDL:LernendurchLehren(Germanforlearningbyteaching)LOTE:LanguagesOtherThanEnglishSLA:secondlanguageacquisitionTELL:technology-enhancedlanguagelearningTPRS:TeachingProficiencythrough,.,22,ReadingandStorytellingTEFL:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageN.B.Thisarticleisabouttravel-teaching.TEFLA:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagetoadultsTESOL:teachingEnglishtospeakersofotherlanguagesTPR:TotalPhysicalResponseTEFL:teachingEnglishasaforeignlanguageN.B.Thisarticleisabouttravel-teaching.UNIcert:isaEuropeanlanguageeducationsystemofmanyuniversitiesbasedontheCommonEuropeanFrameworkofReferenceforLanguages.,.,23,II.language,work,andlaw,1.WorkplaceCommunicationDefination:thestudyofhowlanguageisusedintheworkplace.Theprocessofexchanginginformation(verbalornon-verbal)causeemployeesarefromdifferentpartsofsociety.Inordertoworkeffectively,employeesneedshowtocommmunicateinworkplace.,.,24,languageplanning,Defination:isadeliberateefforttoinfluencethefunction,structureoracquistitionoflanguagesorlanguagevarietywithinaspeechcommunity.TherepresentativeofsomelanguagepolicyExample:Putonghua、usetwolanguagesinTibet,.,25,ForensicLinguistics,languageandthelaworlegallinguisticsDefination:theapplicationoflinguisticknowledge,methodsandinsightstotheforensiccontextoflaw,language,crimeinvestigation,trial,andjudicialprocedure.3areasofapplication:a)understandinglanguageofwrittenlaw.b)understandinglanguageuseinforensicandjudicialprocesses.c)theprovisionoflinguisticevidence.Ininvolvesarangeofexpertsandresearchersindifferentareasoffields.,.,26,III.Language,information,andeffect,1.Literarystylistics:thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlinguisticchoicesandeffectsinliterature.Itisthestudyofstyle,itisaninterdisciplinarysubject,abridgethatlinkslinguisticsandliteracycriticism.,.,27,2.CriticalDiscourseAnalysis(CDA)CriticalDiscourseAnalysisisaninterdisciplinaryapproachtothestudyofdiscoursethatviewslanguageasaformofsocialpracticeandfocusesonthewayssocialandpoliticaldominationarereproducedintextandtalk.3.translationandinterpretation:Itisthecommunicationofthemeaningofasource-languagebymeansofanequivalenttarget-language.,.,28,4.informationdesign:Informationdesignisthepracticeofpresentinginformationinawaythatfostersefficientandeffectiveunderstandingofit.lexicography:lexicographyistheartorcraftofcompiling,writingandeditingdictionaries.,.,29,ADifficultRelationship-LinguisticsandAppliedLinguisitics,.,30,linguistics(theory),defination:thescientificstudyoflanguage.Thatsmeaswhichlooksforthegeneralitiesunderlyingactualappearance,soitsrepresnetanabstractidealizationoflanguage.(branches:Phonetics、Phonology、Morphology、Syntax、Semantic、Pragmatics),.,31,1)Phonology:studiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.2)Phonetics:studiesspeechsounds,includingproduction、descrptionandclassification.3)Morphology:concernedwithinternalorganizationofwords,whichstudiestheminimalunitsofmeaning-morphemes,andwordformationprocesses.4)Syntax:ItsabouttheprinciplesofformingandunderstandingcorrectEnglishsentences.5)Semantics:howmeaningsisencodedinalanguage.6)Pragmatics:Itisthestudyofmeaningincontext.,.,32,Appliedlinguistics,Appliedlinguistics-referstotheuseoflinguisiticsresearchinlanguageteaching,putlinguisticstheoriesintopractice.Psycholingustics:theinterrelationoflanguageandmind,inprocessingandproducinguterrancesandinlanguageacquisition.Sociolinguistics:thestudyofthecharacteristicsoflanguagevarieties、functions、speakers.AnthropolpgicalLinguisitics:Itsinterestedprimarilyinthehistoryandstructureofformerlyunwrittenlanguage.ComputionalLinguistic:aninterdisciplinaryfieldwhichcentersaroundtheuseofcomputerstoprocessorproducehumanlanguage(naturallanguage)todistinguishitfromcomputerlanguage.,.,33,MethodologyofAppliedLinguistics,1.Refertotheories&findingsoflinguistics.2.Findappropriateschoolsandapproaches3Needsinvolvesinproblemsandexperience4.eformulateeach.,.,34,OtherSchoolsofLinguistics,1）CompetenceVSperformance,Competence:alanguageusersunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.Performance:theactualuseoflanguageinc