Unit 8 Conflicts in the World课文翻译大学体验英语三.doc

Unit 8 Conflicts in the WorldPassageA ReturnfromtheCageIt was the open space in Austin that initially overwhelmed me. I couldnt adjust to it. The ease with which I could get in a car and drive to any place left me bewildered and confused. Where were the military checkpoints? Where were the armed soldiers asking for my identification papers? Where were the barricades that would force me to turn back? I had just returned to the United States after an absence of 11 years, during which I lived in a refugee camp in Bethlehem, the town where Christ was born. I was not used to freedom of movement, nor to going more than a few miles without encountering military checkpoints. Getting comfortable with my sudden freedom in Austin was going to take time. I had to adjust to no longer feeling like an animal inside a cage. Most days, I felt utterly dazed. I would spend hours sitting on a stone bench at the University of Texas, staring at the squirrels and the birds. The green lawns brought tears to my eyes. My mind would drift to the refugee camp in Bethlehem, and to 3-year-old Marianna, my delightful ex-neighbor. Marianna has never seen a green lawn in her life and has never seen a squirrel. She lives confined to Bethlehem, forced to remain a prisoner behind the checkpoints and the military barricades. The distance between Mariannas house and Jerusalem is no further than the distance from my South Austin home to downtown. Yet Marianna has never been to Jerusalem and is unlikely to go there anytime in the near future, because no Palestinian can venture into the Holy City without a special Israeli-issued permit, and those permits are almost impossible to come by. But adjusting to my sudden freedom paled in comparison to overcoming my fears and my nightmares. When I left Bethlehem, the second Palestinian uprising against Israels military occupation was already two months under way. The sound of bomb explosions, gunfire and Apache helicopters overhead lingered in my mind. Hard as I tried, I couldnt shake the sounds away. They were always there, ringing inside my head. Now, in Austin, there were nightmares. I would dream either of friends being shot dead, or see pools of blood spilling from human bodies, or that I myself was the target of gunfire. I would wake up in a sweat, terrified of going back to sleep. During the day, the sound of police or ambulance sirens made me jumpy. Helicopters flying overhead made me uneasy. I had to constantly remind myself that these were most often civilian and not military helicopters. I had to remind myself that the ambulances were not rushing to the wounded demonstrators. I looked around me, and I wondered if anyone realized, or even knew, that the Apache helicopters being used by the Israeli military to shell innocent Palestinian civilians are actually made in this country! As a writer in Palestine, I had regularly visited bombed-out houses in search of stories. The home of a young nurse sticks out in my mind. A few miles away from the stable in Bethlehem where Christ is said to have been born, her house came under attack by Israeli tanks and was completely burned. I held the remains of some of the tank shells in my two bare hands and read the inscription: Made in Mesa, Arizona. I wanted to stand on a chair and scream this information to everyone walking through the mall. The tear gas civilians inhale in the Palestinian Territories is made in Pennsylvania, and the helicopters and the F-16 fighter planes are also made in the USA. Yet here in this society, no one appears to care that their tax money funds armies that bring death and destruction to civilians, civilians who are no different from civilians in this country. And I worry about the indifference in this country. I worry because someday, young American men will find themselves fighting another Vietnam War - this time possibly in the Middle East - without a notion of what it is they are doing there. And we will have a repetition of history: Mothers will lose sons and wives will lose husbands in an unnecessary war. I have been repeating this warning in all the talks I have been giving in the past nine months. No one took me seriously. I couldnt understand why young Americans, with their whole futures ahead of them, should go to die in a war they will not understand. 逃出牢笼刚回到奥斯丁的时候，使我感到无所适从的是这里的广阔自由天地。这让我难以适应。 我竟然能随意驾车到任何地方， 这使我感到困惑和迷惘。 军事检查站哪里去了？要查看我的 身份证的全副武装的士兵哪里去了？阻挡我前行的路障哪里去了？ 离开了11年后，我回到了美国。在这11年中，我一直住在伯利恒的一个难民营里。伯 利恒是耶稣诞生的地方。 我不习惯能够自由行动，也不习惯走上几英里却没碰上军事检查站。 要适应奥斯丁的这种突然来临的自由还要花上一段时间。我得适应我不再是笼中困兽的这种感觉。在大多数时候，我感到完全茫然无措。我会在得克萨斯大学校园的石凳上坐上几 个小时，注视着身边的松鼠和小鸟。看着眼前绿茵茵的草坪，我不禁热泪盈眶。我的思绪又回到了伯利恒的难民营，想到了三岁的玛利安娜那个可爱的邻家小女孩。她从来没有见过绿茵茵的草地和欢蹦乱跳的松鼠。她的生活空间不能超出伯利恒，囚困在军 事检查站和路障之后。 从玛利安娜的家到耶路撒冷城的距离还不到从我在奥斯丁城南的家到 市中心的距离。但是，玛利安娜从没去过耶路撒冷，而且在近期也不可能到那里去。这是因 为没有以色列当局颁发的特别通行证，巴勒斯坦人是不敢贸然进入圣城的，而要获得这种特 别通行证又几乎是不可能的。 对我来说，要适应突然来临的自由是一件不容易的事。但是，更难克服的是恐惧和噩梦。 当我离开伯利恒时，巴勒斯坦人民反对以色列军事占领的第二次起义斗争已经开展了两个月 了。枪声、炮弹爆炸声和盘旋在头上的阿帕奇直升飞机的轰鸣声回响在我的脑海里。虽然我 尽力想摆脱这些声音，但我做不到。这些声音依然在我头脑中鸣响不绝。在奥斯丁，梦魇经常缠绕着我。我会梦见朋友被枪杀，梦见尸横街头和汨汨的血流。我 甚至梦见自己也成了枪击的目标。我经常大汗淋漓地从梦中醒来，吓得再也不敢入睡。在白天，一听到警车和救护车的鸣笛声，我就胆战心惊。上空飞过的直升飞机也会使我心神不安。 我得不断的提醒自己，这些经常都是民用直升飞机，而不是军用飞机。我还得提醒自己这些 救护车不是赶去抢救受伤的示威者的。环顾四周，我不知道是否已经有人意识到，甚至知道以色列军方用来轰炸巴勒斯坦无辜 平民的阿帕奇直升飞机就是这个国家制造的！作为一个驻巴勒斯坦的作家，我经常去查看那 些炮火轰炸后的断垣残壁，从中搜寻写作的素材。我仍然清楚地记得一位年轻护士的家。她家在伯利恒，离据说是耶稣降生地的马厩只有几英里。在遭到以色列坦克的轰击后，她的房子已被完全烧毁。我双手捧着坦克炮弹的碎片，看见上面刻着：“亚利桑那梅萨制造。” 我想站在凳子上大声地把这个信息告诉走过购物中心的每一个人。在巴勒斯坦领土上对 无辜平民施放的催泪瓦斯是在宾夕法尼亚制造的。直升飞机和F-16战斗机也是美国制造的。但是，在这个社会里，似乎没有人在乎他们所缴纳的税金支撑了一支杀戮平民的军队。这些平民和美国的平民没有任何区别。我担心这个国家中人们的那种冷漠态度。我担心不知那一天美国的年轻人又会不知不觉 地卷入了另一场越南战争这一次却可能在中东，他们甚至连他们在那里干什么都不知道。于是，我们又会重蹈历史覆辙：在一场不必要的战争中，母亲将失去儿子；妻子将失去丈夫。我在过去九个月所作的演讲中一直在重复这一警告。 可是没有人把我的话当回事。 我不能理解为什么美国的年轻人，有着远大前途的年轻人，要到一场自己都弄不明白的战争中去送死。PassageB YestoPeaceYitzhak Rabin was elected Israels prime minister in June 1992. He fought for peace and came into contact with states and politicians against whom he had fought numerous wars. The historic handshake between Yitzhak Rabin and Yasir Arafat marked the beginning of the peace process. Yitzhak Rabins peace policy received broad support from the people, but it also enraged many who opposed compromise with the PLO. The following is Yitzhak Rabins last speech, delivered at a peace rally in Tel Aviv on November 4, 1995. Moments later he was shot by a young Jewish student and died for peace. Yes to Peace No to Violence Permit me to say that I am deeply moved. I wish to thank each and every one of you who have come here today to take a stand against violence and for peace. This government, which I am privileged to head, together with my friend Shimon Peres, decided to give peace a chance - a peace that will solve most of Israels problems. I was a military man for 27 years. I fought as long as there was no chance for peace. I believe that there is now a chance for peace, a great chance. We must take advantage of it for the sake of those standing here, and for those who are not here - and they are many. I have always believed that the majority of the people want peace and are ready to take risks for peace. In coming here today, you demonstrate, together with many others who did not come, that the people truly desire peace and oppose violence. Violence erodes the basis of Israeli democracy. It must be condemned and isolated. This is not the way of the State of Israel. In a democracy there can be differences, but the final decision will be taken in democratic elections, as the 1992 elections which gave us the mandate to do what we are doing, and to continue on this course. I want to say that I am proud of the fact that representatives of the countries with whom we are living in peace are present with us here, and will continue to be here: Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco, which opened the road to peace for us. I want to thank the President of Egypt, the King of Jordan, and the King of Morocco, represented here today, for their partnership with us in our march towards peace. But, more than anything, in the more than three years of this Governments existence, the Israeli people has proven that it is possible to make peace, that peace opens the door to a better economy and society; that peace is not just a prayer. Peace is first of all in our prayers, but it is also the aspiration of the Jewish people, a genuine aspiration for peace. There are enemies of peace who are trying to hurt us, in order to torpedo the peace process. I want to say bluntly, that we have found a partner for peace among the Palestinians as well: the PLO, which was an enemy, and has ceased to engage in terrorism. Without partners for peace, there can be no peace. We will demand that they do their part for peace, just as we will do our part for peace, in order to solve the most complicated, prolonged, and emotionally charged aspect of the Israeli-Arab conflict: the Palestinian- Israeli conflict. This is a course which is fraught with difficulties and pain. For Israel, there is no path that is without pain. But the path of peace is preferable to the path of war. I say this to you as one who was a military man, someone who is today Minister of Defense and sees the pain of the families of the IDF soldiers. For them, for our children, in my case for our grandchildren, I want this Government to exhaust every opening, every possibility, to promote and achieve a comprehensive peace. Even with Syria, it will be possible to make peace. This rally must send a message to the Israeli people, to the Jewish people around the world, to the many people in the Arab world, and indeed to the entire world, that the Israeli people want peace, support