宾语从句3.doc

5.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;当宾语从句较长时;当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.7.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?8.宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时候从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.宾语从句,即：在主句中担当宾语的从句.学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态.连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which（指事）,who（指人）1从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连.2从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether.在whetherornot结构中不能用if替换.3从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词.注意：当who为主语时,句式为：who+谓语+其他三：判断时态情况：1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. won C. will win D. wins3. I dont know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if C. that D. whoThe soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where答：选B,动词reach后接宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,where不可,which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个”而此句中并非疑问含义,不知道哪一座庙宇,而是用what从句表陈述含义,意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句,用关系代词which代替,并在从句中作动词used的宾语,use sth. as“把用作whether + or not宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后；eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes?注：(1)主、从句时态一致：主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时；He answered that he was listening to me.主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需；eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.They know (that) he is working hard.具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时；egHe told me that he was born in 1980.Father told me that practice makes perfect .（2）否定前移,及完成反意问句；在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致.（注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称）eg I dont think you are right ,are you ?I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?（3）在表示建议 suggest , advise要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；决定 decide;命令 order、command;坚决主张 insist;等动词后跟宾语从句,用（should）+v（虚拟语气）eg I suggested that you（should）study hardHe ordered that we should go out at once（4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略A当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,