News： politics and economy 整理 2011年3月5日.docx

法律英语听说新闻词汇整理Alice & SunnyEconomy1. inflationinflation 是货币in circulation的一种currency depreciation现象, 常常引起increase in commodities prices; prices continue to rise/ skyrocket/ jump/ rise/ hike/ soar; prices surge. 政府会想一些 anti-inflation measures来fight inflation/ tame inflation/ tackle inflation. 比如impose price controls.关联词: 通货紧缩（deflation）, 这时会导致物价slump/ go down; 或出现downtrend; 长期的通货紧缩会导致unemployment增高, 以及economic recession/ downturn/ depression; sluggish.2. unemploymentunemployment rate rise /increase /stay high /remain high, fall ,hold steady.部分原因 一些工厂或公司bankrupt/ bad management; 国家economic downturn /recession, recovery/ upturn 表现: losing jobs / jobs have disappeared/ layoff 相关对象: U.S. Bureau of Labor (美国劳工统计局)Government的措施: preserve jobs, stabilize the financial system, prop up enterprises, enhance the business environment, stimulate investment.3. GDP- Gross Domestic Product是衡量国家financial position/ economic position/ pecuniary condition的一种指标, 反映国家的economic development, national income/ national revenue, 和consuming ability/ consumption capacity的情况. 4. import, export需要经过customs inspection/ customs examination. 基本都会缴纳tariff/ customs/ duty, additional tax. 但有可能因duty-free而exemption.customs-agency officials 报告的the trade figures 是衡量贸易顺差 trade surplus或逆差trade deficit的形式，当一个国家出现贸易逆差，一般会有debt/ national debt/ government loan problems.5. stock market人 investor/ shareholder/ stockholder/ holder 用一定的capital, investment去购买 stock/ share/ securities/ note/ paper/ fund/ bond/ debenture. 为了获得dividend/ yield/ return. 交易场所: securities business; stock exchange corporation; stock exchange. 常涉及 basic price, opening price, closing price, stock price average, offer. 股票的价格可能会collapse, rebound, rally, break. 相关的index: Nasdaq composite stock index 6. reform主要有以下类型: health reform /financial reform / school reform /food safety reform.对于reform 一般都存在不同意见，所以会有debate, 而且是growing more heated.相关对象president, the House of Representatives, the Senate, democrats, republican, liberal democrats, 存在多方意见，所以有opposition，support, negotiation. health reform 的相关词汇: insurance，insurers, cover the costs. financial reform的相关词汇: economic collapse, salaries, bonuses, restrictions, regulation.7. economy种类: socialist economy; capitalist economy; collective economy; planned economy; controlled economy; rural economics; liberal economy; mixed economy; political economy状况: economic balance; economic stability; economic fluctuation; economic depression; economic recovery制度: public ownership; private ownership; ownership by the entire/whole people; socialist collective ownershipPolitics1. Attack参加者通常有bomber/ insurgent/ protester/ rebel/ terrorist/ extremist/ gangster/ militant/ partitionist; explode/ occur in/ invade 哪里, victim/ casualty/ hostage 多少， killed/wounded多少, 警方 impose a security clampdown, witnesses say了什么, attack/ protest/ raid的通常原因是anti-government/ opposition/ racial discrimination的不满, 常常会shock/ threaten/ intimidate/ frighten一些citizen/ resident/ inhabitant, 事后PM/ prime minister /president/ premier 会condemn the attack，并且 call for an immediate end to all violence，要 punish guilty, defend freedom. Authority/ spokesman发表了什么urge/ comment/ proposal. 涉及到的主义有: hegemonism/ anarchism/ activism/ bureaucracy/ democracy/ exclusivism/ nationalism. 2. Diplomacy人diplomat; diplomatic representative; ambassador; ambassador-at-large; special envoy ; diplomatic courier; emissary. 享有diplomatic privileges 和diplomatic immunities.方式: dialogue，face-to-face meeting，talk，meeting(Arab summit, G8 summit)目的: 通过diplomatic channels处理些foreign affairs或者resume diplomatic relations. 过程: 涉及如何 struggle to negotiate an agreement，是否make a compromise/ reach an agreement/ consensus, 并且会遵循diplomatic practice. 所在部门: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.3. election人 candidate/ elector/ nominee/ favorite son/ constituency. election 对象是 president/ democrat/ republican/ Labor party等. 在election campaign 过程中，有candidates debate，通常会采取 unsigned vote, 特殊情况下会出现 absent ballot. public opinion surveys/ opinion poll show 了什么， political experts/ analysts say 了什么，voter/ constituency/ floating-voter的表现，有没有出现ballot tampering/ invalid ballot. negative vote/ turnout多少, election result是什么， 哪一方beats另一方. 最后形成governing party/ruling party和 opposition. 当选后会有oath, 之后被选者也可能会impeach/ removal/ resign.4. Enact