研究生英语听说课件Unit1

研究生英语系列教材,听说教程（上）LISTENINGANDSPEAKING,ListeningAndSpeaking,CourseIntroduction(12topicsin12Units)CourseRequirements-Inclass:Attendence;Finishthelisteningtasks;Openthemouthandtakeanactivepartintheactivitiesordiscussionsorperformance(20%)-Afterclass:Finishtheassignments(10%)-Evaluation:100%=60%Final+30%Process+10%OralTest,AbouttheAttendence,Calltheroll(点名）tomakesureyouarenotabsentorcheating.8-10timesbytheteacher,2pointsforoneabsence.Nomorethan3timesofabsence,orYouWillbeQuit!NoExamwillbeallowed!,AboutPresentationitsyourplaceastheconversationstartertogetthemgoing.Anopenquestionrequiresanexplanationforananswerratherthanjustasimpleyesorno.Openquestionstendtobeginwithwho,when,what,why,where,andhow,whereasclosedquestionstendtostartwithdo,have,andis/am/are.,Examples,Closedquestions:Doyoulikebooks?,Haveyoubeentouniversity?,Isspringyourfavoriteseason?,AmIintruding?,andDoyoucomehereoften?Openquestions:“Whatsortofbooksdoyoulike?”,“Whatdidyoustudyatuniversity?”,“Whichisyourfavoriteseason?Why?”,“Whatareyoudoingrightnow?”,and“Wheresyourusualwateringhole（酒吧）?,howtostartaconversation,Step-4:Knowhowtocombinegeneralremarkswithopen-endedquestions.Sinceeitheroneofthesemightbeawkwardorout-of-placeonitsown,combinethemformaximumeffect.,Thatsagreathairdoyouvegotthere!Wheredyagetitdone?,Forexamples,Thatsanicehandbag,wheredidyougetit?Thisletsthehandbagownertalkaboutthedaythattheywentshoppingandallthisfunnystuffhappened,asopposedto:Ilikeyourhandbag!Thankyou.(Theend.)“Whatanamazingbuffet（自助餐）!Whichisyourfavoritedish?Askinganopinionisespeciallyuseful,asitcanbefollowedupwiththeclassicopen-endedquestion:“Why?”“Fantasticturnout（投票率）!Whichofthelecturersisyourfavorite?“Iloveyourcostume（装束）.Whichareyourfavoritesci-fimovies（科幻电影）?“Thatsagreathairdoyouvegotthere!Wheredyagetitdone?”,howtostartaconversation,Step-5:Keeptheconversationgoingwithsmalltalk.Thiskeepstheconversationlightandsimple,whichisespeciallyusefulforpeoplewhoarestillgettingtoknowoneanotherbetter.Usesmalltalktoestablishrapport(relations)andsimilaritiesratherthanseteachotherupforanopinionated(arbitrary固执的、武断的)argument.,Examples,Smalltalkencompasses（involve；contain包含）suchtopicsasyourblogorwebsite,thepurchaseofanewcar,houserenovations（房子装修）,yourkidsartworkprize,vacationplans,yournewlyplantedgarden,agoodbookyouvejustread,etc.Smalltalkisnotpolitics,religion,nucleardisarmamentorfusion（核裁军或核聚变）,orcriticizinganybody,especiallynotthehostortheeventyourebothattending.Althoughtalkingabouttheweatherisaclichekli:ei（陈腐的）,iftheressomethingunusualabouttheweather,youvegotagreattopicofconversation.,Step-6:Synchronize（coincide同步）.Onceyourpartner-in-conversationhasstartedtalking,followhisorhercuetokeeptheconversationgoingsmoothly.Useactivelisteningtoreflectwhattheyresayingandtosummarizetheirpossiblefeelings.,howtostartaconversation,Examples,Saytheotherpersonsnamenowandthen.Notonlydoesithelpyoutorememberthembutitsawarmingsignofrespectandmutuallike.Giveencouragingfeedback.Youdontevenhavetosaythingsalotofthetime;youcannod,say“ah-ha”or“wowor“oh”or“hmm,sigh,gruntconvivially(happily),andgiveshortencouragingstatementssuchasIsthatso?andGoodness!,andWhatdidyoudo/saythen?andThatsamazing!,etc.Keepyourbodylanguageopenandreceptive.Nodinagreement,makeoccasionalgenuine（真诚的）eyecontactwithoutstaring,andleanintowardtheotherperson.Placeyourhandonyourheartnowandthen,andeventouchthemontheupperarmifyoureatouchy(irritable),feelyperson.Keepgoodthoughtsgoingthroughyourhead.Stayinterestedintheotherpersonandfocusedonthem.Keepyourcuriositypiqued(pi:kt,anger)ratherthanwithdrawingbackintoyourself.Noteeachtimeasimilarityorcommongoalpopsupintheconversationtoremindyourselfoftheworthofcontinuingtoconnectwiththisperson.Smilealotandlaughwhentheotherpersonmakesafunnycomment.Dontforcelaughter,asthisiscringe-inducing（谄媚）;smileandnodinstead.,Step-7:Usewordsofasensorynature.Thesearewordssuchassee,imagine,feel,tell,sense,etc.,whichencouragetheotherpersontokeeppaintingadescriptivepictureaspartoftheirconversation.,Andhowdidthatmakeyoufeel?,howtostartaconversation,ForExamples,Wheredoyouseeyourselfinayearstime?Tellmeaboutthetimethatthebosssoldyourcarwithoutrealizing.Whatsyoursenseofthecurrentstockmarketfluctuations(波动）?Howdoyoufeelaboutthenewplansforrenovatingdowntown?Whatdoyouimaginehewasthinkingwhenheaskedforapayrisehigherthanthebossssalary?,Step-8：Beawareofyourinternalmonologue（内心独白）.Whenyousuddenlyfeelthatyourenotabletoengageinconversationwithanotherperson,itslikelythatyouretellingyourselfafewnegativethings,suchasworryingthatyoureboring,notgoodenough,toounimportant,intruding,wastingtheirtime,etc.Youmightalsobeworryingaboutwhattheotherpersonisthinkingaboutyou,causingyourselftofeeltongue-tied.Feelingself-consciouswhencarryingonconversationwithothersisnotunusualbutitsalsonotproductive.Trytokeepinmindthateveryonehastheseself-doubtsfromtimetotimebutthatitsessentialtoovercometheminordertoengagewithfellowhumanbeings.Reassureyourselfthattheotherpersonisnotjudgingyou.Eveniftheyare,think“Sowhat?”anddontgivethemtheupperhand（优势，上风）inyourlife.,howtostartaconversation,Step-9:Respondthoughtfullytosomeonewhoremainsawkwardoruncomfortableinyourpresence.Ifyourconversationpartnerappearswithdrawnanduninterestedinsharinginformationwithyou,dontpersisttoomuch.Tryalittlemorebeforemakingadecisiontomoveon.,howtostartaconversation,Examples,Keepyourquestionsnon-invasive;besureyourenotaskingthemquestionstheydrathernotdiscuss.Forexample,somepeoplemightbeveryuncomfortablediscussingissuesthattheyfeeltouchonthempersonally,suchasweight,lackofhavingadegreeorqualifications,lackofhavingasteadydate,etc.Trytobeasthoughtfulaspossibleeventhoughyoudontreallyknowthemyet.Dontasktoomanyquestionsifyourconversationpartnercontinuestoappearunresponsive.,Noticesignsofnotwantingtotalk,suchasgrimacing,screwingupface,etc.,Step-10:Maintaintheequilibrium（平静）.Asthepersonwhostartedtheconversation,theresponsibilityinitiallyrestswithyoutomaintainthemomentum.Sowhathappenswhentheotherpersonstartspracticingactivelisteningandopenquestionsbackonyou?Youhaveseveraloptions:,Iseemtorememberyoutellingmeyouddonethatbefore.Howdidyoumanage?,howtostartaconversation,Examples,Relishitastheircuetoletyoustarttalkingaboutyourself.Justdontoverdoit;remembertokeepengagingthembackwithopenquestionsandactivelisteningattheendofyourownrecounting.Deflectitifyoudrathernotbethecenterofconversationattention.Saysomethinglike:Well,IlikeHarryPotterbooks,andIespeciallylovedthelastone.Butyoudontwanttohearaboutmeallnight!WhatwereyourfavoritemomentsintheHarryPotterseries?Answerquestionswithaquestion.Forexample,Howdidyoumanagetogetawaysoearly?couldberespondedtowith,Well,howdidyou?Oftentheotherpersonwillbesointentonfillingyouinontheirsideofthestorythattheyllforgettheyaskedyouthequestionfirst!,Practiceoften,Step-11:Practicegettingconversationsstarted.Youmayfeelalittleclumsyatfirst,butwithpracticeitcanbecomeeasytostartgoodconversations.Everytimeyoureinasituationwhereyourecalledupontoconversewithothers,seeitaspartofyourongoing（持续的、前进的）practice,andnotehowyoureimprovingeachtimethatyoutryit.,Practiceoften!,ShareyourSummerTime,RelaxingTraveling2012OlympicGamesLondon,AbouttheParliament,TheHouseofLords（上议院）makeslaws,holdstheGovernmenttoaccount,investigatespolicyissuesandprovidesaforumofindependentexpertise,TheHouseofCommons(下议院)isthedemocraticallyelectedhouseoftheUKParliament,responsibleformakinglawsandcheckingtheworkofGovernment,AbouttheParliament,Committees：AlargepartoftheworkoftheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLordstakesplaceincommittees,madeupofMPs（MembersofParliament）orLords.,TheLondonEye,TheLondonEye,whichis450feetinheightabovetheThamesRiver,istheworldsbiggestspinningstructure.ItisonehundredfeettallerthanBigBen,andweighing1,600tons.Itwasbuilttocelebratetheyear2000.ItwassaidtobeaTemporaryBuild-ing,butwasapprovedtobeusedextra50years!Possiblybuildingsuchabigspinningstructuresuggestedthatpeoplelongedforbiggerandbetterthingsinthefuture.InLondonEye,thereare32capsules.Eachofthecapsulescanholdupto25people.Andtheyreairconditionedinsummer,heatedinthewinter.FromthesecapsulesthevisitorscanseethemostbeautifulviewsofLondon.,Pairwork,Areyouhookedtotravel?Whatspecialthingareyouhookedindoing?,Unit1,Unit1AreYouHookedtoIt?,Warm-up:Speakingaboutcollecting,Thingspeopleliketocollect:CoinsGamecardsBooksLightersBadgesPerfumebottlesPostcardsStamps,BackgroundInformation,Content,Warm-upListeningforcontentSpeakingforcommunicationAssignments,Warm-up:Listening,Listentothreespeakerstalkingabouttheirchildhoodhobbiesandthenanswerthefollowingquestionsorally.1.WhatisLutherschildhoodhobby?Whatisthesignificanceofhishobby?2.WhatisSaraschildhoodhobby?Whydoesshelikeit?3.WhatisWilliamschildhoodhobby?Whatdoesitmeantohim?,ChildhoodHobbies,Warm-up:Speakingaboutcollecting,Whatdoyoulikecollecting?Whatdidyoucollectinyourchildhood?Whataboutnow?Ifyoucouldberich,whatwouldyoucollect?Whatisthemostinterestingorthestrangestcollectionyouhaveeverheardof?Whydoyouthinkpeoplelikecollectingthings?,Pairwork,Listeningforcontent:Aconversation,ListentoaconversationaboutInternetadditionandthenanswerthefollowingquestionsorally.1.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthisconversation?2.CanyoudescribeapictureofatypicalInternetaddict?3.HowcanyouknowwhetheryouareaddictedtotheInternetornot?,InternetAddition,Listeningforcontent:EnglishNews,Listentothefollowingnewsaboutshoppingadditionandthenanswerthefollowingquestionsorally.1.Whatiscompulsiveshop