主谓一致 英语语法总结ppt课件

主谓一致英语语法总结,1,Whatis“subject-verbconcord”?,theagreementbetweensubjectandpredicateverbintermsofnumber,主谓一致英语语法总结,2,GrammaticalConcord语法一致原则NotionalConcord意义一致原则PrincipleofProximity就近原则,3.threeguidingprinciples,主谓一致英语语法总结,3,3.1TheprincipleofGrammaticalConcord,Ifthesubjectisplural,theverbshouldtakethepluralform.Ifthesubjectissingularoramassnoun,theverbshouldtakethesingularform.,主谓一致英语语法总结,4,Thirtymilesseemslikealongwalktome.,主谓一致英语语法总结,5,3.2TheprincipleofNotionalConcord,Theverbcanagreewiththesubjectaccordingtothenotionofnumberinspiteoftheactualformofthesubject.,主谓一致英语语法总结,6,Ifthereferenceofthesubjectissingular,theverbtakesthesingularform.Ifthereferenceofsubjectisplural,theverbtakesthepluralform.,主谓一致英语语法总结,7,Itwaselevenoclockbeforethefamilywereallinbed.Allwascontrarytoherexpectation.,主谓一致英语语法总结,8,Theteam_hadtheirdinner.Fiftydollars_alargesumofmoneyforsuchapoormanlikeme.,have,is,主谓一致英语语法总结,9,Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,becauseneitheryounorIamgoingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.,主谓一致英语语法总结,10,3.3theprincipleofproximity,theverbagreeswithaprecedingnounphrasewhichisclosesttoit,insteadofagreeingwiththeheadofthenounphrasethatfunctionsasthesubject,主谓一致英语语法总结,11,EitherheorIamgoing.Nooneexceptthetwogirlswerecrying.Oneoutoffivestudentshavepassedtheexam.,主谓一致英语语法总结,12,“Oneofthemwhoweresomuchafterdancingwithyouyesterday,”shepresentlysuggested.-ThomasHardyTessoftheDUrbervilles,主谓一致英语语法总结,13,Theformofthesubject:grammaticalconcordThemeaningofthesubject:notionalconcordThedistancebetweentheheadandtheverb:proximity,主谓一致英语语法总结,14,Pleasenotethattheprincipleofgrammaticalconcordisthebasicprinciple,esp.inwrittenEnglish.,主谓一致英语语法总结,15,4.SomePitfalls,problemsofconcordwithnounsendingins,主谓一致英语语法总结,16,4.1diseaseandgamenamesendingin-s,Theyaregenerallytreatedassingularsincetheyrefertoonesinglediseaseorgame.,主谓一致英语语法总结,17,Marbles_(be)ofdifferentcolorsandmaterials.Darts_(be)throwntothetarget.,Pleasenote:,主谓一致英语语法总结,18,4.2subjectnamesendinginics,Theyaregenerallytreatedassingularsincetheyrefertoonesinglesubject.,主谓一致英语语法总结,19,“Withcostsbeingsignificantlylessthantheywereseveralyearsago,theeconomicsareprettygood,”saysGeorgeKadane,headofthecompany.,economincs=profits,主谓一致英语语法总结,20,Hispolitics_differentfrommine.(is,are)Thestatistics_nothinginthiscase.(prove,proves),Pleasenote:,主谓一致英语语法总结,21,politics=politicalopinionsstatistics=numericaldata,主谓一致英语语法总结,22,Whenicswordstakethepluralmeaning,ithasatendencytogowiththedefinitearticleorapossessivedeterminerandrefertospecificfacts,views,etc.,主谓一致英语语法总结,23,4.3geographicalnamesendingins,Theyaregenerallytreatedaspluraliftheyrefertoarangeofarchipelagoes,mountains,straits,waterfalls,etc.,主谓一致英语语法总结,24,ThePhilippinesneedscapitalandtechnologytransfer.TheNetherlandshasbeenreclaimingfarmlandsfromwater.,主谓一致英语语法总结,25,4.4othernounsendingins,主谓一致英语语法总结,26,4.4.1namesforarticlesmadeoftwoparts,Thesenounsaregenerallytreatedasplural.,主谓一致英语语法总结,27,Compare:Thescissors_madeofstainlesssteel.(is,are)Thepincers_putinthedrawer.(is,are)Thepairofscissors_verywell.(cut,cuts)Thesetwopairsofpincers_cleaning.(need,needs),主谓一致英语语法总结,28,4.4.2nounsusuallytakingpluralendings,Thesenounsaregenerallytreatedasplural.,主谓一致英语语法总结,29,“remains”遗迹，残余物：is/are,Theremainsofthemealis/areleftonthetable.Theremainsoftheancientcityis/aretheevidenceofitsexistenceandprosperity.,Hisremainswerekeptinacrystalcoffin.,主谓一致英语语法总结,30,DelawareMansionsisablockof167flatsoppositetheBBCRadioStudios.TheBroadwayMansions(simplifiedChinese:百老汇大厦)isanineteen-floorArtDecofivestarhotel,oneofthemostfamoushotelsinShanghai,China.,“mansions”,主谓一致英语语法总结,31,4.4.3nounsendinginings(verb+ings),Theyaregenerallytreatedasplural.,主谓一致英语语法总结,32,4.4.4nounswhosesingularnumberandpluralnumbersharethesameformwhichendsin-s,Theyaretreatedaspluralwhenusedinpluralsense,treatedassingularwhenusedinsingularsense.,主谓一致英语语法总结,33,There_acrossroadsseveralmilesahead.There_twocrossroadsseveralmilesahead.,主谓一致英语语法总结,34,5.problemsofconcordwithcollectivenouns,主谓一致英语语法总结,35,5.1collectivenounsusuallyusedasplural,people,policepersonnel人员(总称）clergy神职人员poultry家禽vermin害虫cattle牛(总称)militia民兵,主谓一致英语语法总结,36,5.2collectivenounsusuallyassingular,foliage叶子总称machinery机器总称equipment设备furniture家具merchandise商品,主谓一致英语语法总结,37,5.3collectivenounseitheraspluralorassingular,Whenthenounisusedinthesenseofacollectiveasawhole,itistreatedassingular.Whenthenounisusedinthesenseofindividualsthatmakethecollective,itistreatedasplural.,主谓一致英语语法总结,38,Well,Ihaveheardonceortwicethatmyfamilyhasseenbetterdays.Itwaselevenoclockbeforethefamilywereallinbed.-ThomasHardy:TessoftheDUrbervilles,主谓一致英语语法总结,39,6Problemsofconcordwithsubjectcontainingcoordinateforms,主谓一致英语语法总结,40,6.1“and”/“bothand”,主谓一致英语语法总结,41,6.1“and”/“bothand”,Breadandmilk_beenmybreakfastforyears.(have,has)TheStarsandStripes_flyingfromtheflagpole.(is,are)Herlawyerandlifelongfriend_goingtobetrayher.(was,were)Allworkandnoplay_Jackadullboy.(make,makes),主谓一致英语语法总结,42,Breadandmilkhasbeenmybreakfastforyears.TheStarsandStripesisflyingfromtheflagpole.Herlawyerandlifelongfriendwasgoingtobetrayher.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.,主谓一致英语语法总结,43,Theredandwhiterose_beautiful.(is,are)Theredandthewhiterose_beautiful.,主谓一致英语语法总结,44,Eachboyandeachgirl_abook.(has,have)Theboysandgirlseach_abook.,主谓一致英语语法总结,45,Ifeachoftheelementofsubjectismodifiedby“each”,“every”,“manya”,“no”,theverbtakesthesingularform.,主谓一致英语语法总结,46,Conclusion:Ifthesubjectreferstoonesinglethingorperson,itissingular.Ifthesubjectreferstomorethanonethingorperson,itisplural.,主谓一致英语语法总结,47,6.2“or”,“eitheror”,“nor”,“neithernor”,“notonlybutalso,Abeautifulfloweroraglitteringstarigniteshisimagination.Notaflynoramousesurvivessuchahotday.Notonlyherhusbandbutalsoallhervisitorsarefascinatedwithheroverflowingelegance,sparklingwitandeasingnaturalness.,主谓一致英语语法总结,48,Conclusions:Theprincipleofproximityisappliedtotheseconstructions.Ininformalstyle,“neithernor”,“notonlybutalso”cansometimesberegardedasplural.,主谓一致英语语法总结,49,NotonlyBushbutalsoKellyis/werecriticizedfortheirimproperuseofbodylanguage.NeitherBushnorKellywas/weregoodatbodylanguage.,主谓一致英语语法总结,50,ManybigcitiesaswellasShanghaihavetoomanyskyscrapers.,主谓一致英语语法总结,51,Grammar,aswellasalltheothersubjects,isveryinteresting.Nooneexceptthetwogirlswaslate.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreeswithhim.,主谓一致英语语法总结,52,7problemsofconcordwithexpressionsofquantity,主谓一致英语语法总结,53,7.1concordwithexpressionofdefinitequantityassubject,主谓一致英语语法总结,54,7.1.1Whenadefinitequantityisregardedasasingleunit,treatedassingular,Sevendaysistooshortforapersonwhoneedsagoodrest.,主谓一致英语语法总结,55,7.1.2whenusedinthesenseoftheindividualsthatconstitutethequantity,treatedasplural,Hetakesouttwodollarswhichlookexactlythesame,butoneofthemisaforgednote.InShanghai,youmayexperiencetwoconsecutivedayswhichfeelliketwoseasons.,主谓一致英语语法总结,56,Twothirdsofthelandiswasteland.Twothirdsofthestudentsaregirls.50percentofmyincomeisusedforfood.50percentofmywakinghoursareusedforstudy.,7.1.3“afractionof”,“apercentageof”,主谓一致英语语法总结,57,Intheseconstructions,theformoftheverbisdeterminedbythenounintheof-phrase.,主谓一致英语语法总结,58,Fiveplus/andfive_ten.Fivemultipliedby/timesfive_twenty-five.,7.1.4“Aplus/andB”“AmultipliedbyB”,主谓一致英语语法总结,59,Fiveplus/andfiveare/isten.Fivemultipliedby/timesfiveare/istwenty-five.,主谓一致英语语法总结,60,Fivefives_twenty-five.,主谓一致英语语法总结,61,Fivefivesaretwenty-five.,主谓一致英语语法总结,62,Tenminusfiveis/makesfive.Fivefromtenis/makesfive.Tendividedbyfiveis/makestwo.,7.1.5AminusB,AdividedbyB,主谓一致英语语法总结,63,Onein/outofeightofthechildrenisgivenanapple.,7.1.6“onein/outof+pluralnoun”,主谓一致英语语法总结,64,Onein/outofeightofthechildrenaregivenanapple.(informal),主谓一致英语语法总结,65,Akindofroseisdepictedinthepicture.Rosesofthiskindareveryexpensive.Thesekindsofroses/roseareveryexpensive.Thesekindofrosesareveryexpensive.,7.2concordwithexpressionofindefinitequantityassubject,主谓一致英语语法总结,66,A/Themajorityofchildreninourclasshaveblackeyes.Amajorityof57to43helpshimtowintheelection.(majority=greaternumberofvotes),主谓一致英语语法总结,67,8problemsofconcordwithnominalclauseassubject,主谓一致英语语法总结,68,Whowillwintheelectionisstillunknown.Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsiblewereamystery.,8.1nominalwh-clauseassubject,主谓一致英语语法总结,69,Whathewantsaresomebooksandacupofcoffee.Whatareoftenregardedasridiculousaresometimestrue.,8.2concordinSVCconstructionwithwhat-clauseassubject,主谓一致英语语法总结,70,Conclusion:IntheSVCstructure,ifthecomplementorthesubjectcontainsnounsorothersignsofpluralness,theverbcanbeplural.,主谓一致英语语法总结,71,9problemsofconcordinrelativeclause关系从句,cleft-sentence分裂句existentialsentence存在句,主谓一致英语语法总结,72,AlicesAdventuresinWonderlandisoneofthebookswhichexpandachildsimagination.Mymotherisoneofthosepeoplewhobelievesinfortunetelling.(BritishEnglish)Heisthe/theonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsLatin.,9.1concordinrelativeclause,主谓一致英语语法总结,73,Itisthiswomanwhohasstolenhisheart.Itisthesewomenwhohavedrivenhimaway.ItisIwho/thatamresponsibleforit.Itismewho/thatisresponsibleforit.(informalstyle),9.2concordincleft-sentence