过去分词的用法ppt课件

.,Grammar,TheUseOfV-ed,.,分词,现在分词：动词原形+-ing,过去分词：动词原形+-ed,.,1.语态上,Iheardsomeoneopeningthedoor.Iheardthedooropened.,.,2.时间上,现在分词:表示正在进行的动作,过去分词:表示完成的意思,thechangingworldthechangedworld,thefallingleavesthefallenleaves,boilingwaterboiledwater,developingcountriesdevelopedcountries,.,动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作补语动词-ed形式作状语,.,作表语,Iwasveryexcitedthatwewonthegame.,分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态,.,注意：现在分词表示主语的性质，主语多为物过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。e.g.Hewasveryexcited.Thebookwasratherboring.过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受；现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。,.,动名词作表语，表语和主语几乎处于同等地位，可以互换位置，其句意不变；现在分词作表语，表语和主语则不能互换位置。Myjobisinteresting.我的工作很有趣。Myjobisteachingmaths.我的工作是教数学。误：Interestingismyjob.正：Teachingmathsismyjob.,动名词和现在分词的区别,.,2.PastParticipleusedaspredicative,Theshopis_(close).,closed,.,Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_(pay)bythehour.,paid,.,Therearetwoglasseswhichare_(break).,broken,Therearetwobrokenglasses.,.,Thepersonwhofeels_(excite)isRonaldo.,excited,TheexcitedpersonisRonaldo.,.,作定语,1、现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.IhavereadthisbookwrittenbyLuXun.,单词分词+被修饰的词被修饰的词+分词短语,.,2、注意:不定代词+单个分词在修饰something，nothing，anything，someone等词时要置于它们的后面。Thereisnothinginteresting.Thereissomethingmissing,.,Thegroundiscoveredby_(fall)leaves.,fallen,1.PastParticipleusedasattribute,.,These_(want)peoplearefromHongKong.,wanted,.,Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindever_(write).,written,thathaseverbeenwritten.,.,Whoweretheso-calledguests_(invite)toJackyChuangsconcertlastmonth?,invited,thathadbeeninvited,.,Sheisdrinking_(boil)water.,boiled,Sheisdrinkingthewaterwhichwasboiled.,.,分词一般只在两类动词后作补语感觉、感官动词：seeobservenoticewatchhearsmelllistentolookatfeelfind使役、致使动词：catchsethavemakegetstartleavekeep此用法中:现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，过去分词表示已完成的被动意义,作宾补,.,Hefoundthedoor_(lock).他发现门锁上了Iwatchedtheboy_(climb)thetree.我看见那男孩正在爬树。Iheardsomeone_(knock)atthedoor.我听见有人敲门,locked,climbing,knocking,.,make后的宾语补足语只用过去分词，不能用现在分词ShestillcouldntmakeherselfunderstoodinEnglishHecouldntmakehimselfbelievedset后的宾语补足语只用现在分词，不能用过去分词ThejokesetthemalllaughingHiswordsetusthinkingdeeply,注意,.,注意：,在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作又往往由别人所完成Wemustgetthetelevisionrepaired.我们必须把电视机修好。(请别人修)Iamgoingtohavemyhaircut.我要去剪头发。,.,区分have的几种结构：havesth.todo有某事要做havesthdone使某事被做havesb.dosth.使某人做某事havesth.doing让某事一直做着,.,Translation,1.我有些话要说。,Ihavesomewordstosay.,2.昨天我理了发。,Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.,.,4.别让机器一直开着。,Donthavethemachinerunning.,3.我叫弟弟寄了一封信。,Ihadmybrotherpostaletter.,.,Exercises1、Thenextmorningshefoundtheman_inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying2、Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked,.,作状语,Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.),分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果等，现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。,1）表时间状语（相当于when引导的从句）,.,见到猫，老鼠就跑了Seeingthecat,themouseranoff,.,2)表原因状语（相当于as,since,because引导的从句）既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.）3)表方式、伴随情况地状语：作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个动作，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。Shestoodtherewaitingforthebus.她站在那儿等公共汽车,.,他坐在椅子上看报Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper,.,4)表结果（相当于sothat引导的从句）Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.5)表条件（相当于if,unless引导的从句）Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。Walkingahead，youwillseeawhitehouse,.,现在分词的完成式过去分词没有时态形式的变化，过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，只有主动式，没有被动式现在分词的时态形式having+过去分词一般式writing完成式havingwritten现在分词完成式其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如：Havingdonehishomework，theschoolboybegantowritehisdiary.这个小学生做完作业后，开始写日记。(havingdonehishomework发生在began之前，表示时间。),.,一般式being+过去分词表示被动动作e.g.Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.我看见他被警察带走。,现在分词的被动语态,.,将否定词not置于分词之前not+分词NotknowingEnglish,h