英美文学欣赏资料-海明威

ErnestHemingway(July21,1899July2,1961)海明威,life,ErnestHemingwaywasbornon21stJuly1899inOakParknearChicagoFather:asuccessfulphysician,lovefishingandhunting.Mother:amusicteacherAhappychildhood:aloverofbrutal(野蛮的)sports.suchasboxingandfootball,thoughhisfatherhopedhimtobeaphysician.herefusedtoenteruniversity,hechosedtobeareporterduringtheworldwarone,hewantedtojointhearmy.butwasrefusedbecauseofhispooreyesight.ThenHemingwaycametoItalytoworkasanambulancedriver.Hewasseriouslywoundedinthebattlefield.Thenightmarish(可怕的)warexperiencechangedhislife.,Afterthewar,hestillworkedasareporter.HewassenttoParisandknewStein,Andersonandsomeotherfamouswriterswhoencouragedhimtowrite.In1961,Hemingwayshothimselfwithguninhishome.,mainWorks,TheSunAlsoRises(1926)太阳照样升起AFarewelltoArms(1929)永别了，武器ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)丧钟为谁而鸣（战地钟声）TheOldManandtheSea(1952)老人与海,TheOldmanandtheSea,Butmanisnotmadefordefeat,amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.,AspokesmanfortheLostGeneration,TheOldmanandtheSea,Itwaspublishedin1952afterthebreakesttenyearsinHemingwaysliterarycareerandwasthelastnovelpublishedinHemingwayslifetime.Butitwasaninstantsuccess.Thisshortnovelwonthe1953PulitzerPrizeforFictionandplayedasignificantroleinHemingwaysselectionfortheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.,WritingStyle,TheNobelPrizeCommitteepraisedHemingwayhad“powerfulstyleformingmasteryoftheart”.Icebergprinciple(冰山原则)Codehero（硬汉形象）EmphasisonEmotion（情感侧重）,IcebergPrinciple,Hissentencesonlygiveonesmallbitofthemeaning.Therestisimplied.Onemustgoverydeepbeneaththesurfacetounderstandthefullmeaningofhiswriting.Certainly,therearemomentswhenthereaderfeelsthesuggestionofvastmeaningbeneathHemingwaysfew,sparewords.,Codehero,Accordingtothiscode,amanisdefinedbywill,pride,andendurance:theendurancetoacceptpain,evenloss-whenthelosscannotbeavoided;theprideofknowingthatonehasdoneonesbest,withthecouragetoacttrulyaccordingtoonesownnature;andthewilltofacedefeatorvictorywithoutwhining(抱怨)ononehandorboastingontheother.,EmphasisonEmotion,Hewasinterestedinconveyingadeepemotionalfeeling.Hedidhavesomerealistictechniques,butonthewholehewasnotliketherealisticwritersbecausehewasmoreinterestedinconveyinghispersonalemotion.Andthisisthegoalofmanymodernistwriters-recreatethefeelingsofthesituationorexperienceinthereader,arouseaninvoluntary（自然而然的）subjectiveresponse.,EmotionalLife,Hemingwayhadfourmarriagesthroughhiswholelife.Theunrestandpainfulemotionallifeledtohispolarattitudetofemaledirectly,thushisworksoffemalecharactersoftenlackthereality.,Suicide,HemingwaywasaChristian,butsuicideinChristianityisagreatsin.WhydidHemingwayfinallychosesuicide?Shouldbesay,thedespairthatcouldnotcreateanymorewastherootcauseofhissuicide.Onlythediseaseneverenoughtobeatthetoughman.,ThedaybeforeHemingwaysdeath,hewrotealettertohisoldfriendfishermen“Thegreatestsatisfactioninoneslifeisnotonlytheincome、love、marriageandfamil