非谓语动词-独立主格PPT课件

-,1,独立主格结构,一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.,-,2,Itrained.,Istayedathome.,-,3,怎样将两个句子合并？,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。,Itrainso/andIstayedathome.,并列连词：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neithernor,eitheror,notbut,notonlybutalso,-,4,要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。,Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.,要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。,Itraining,Istayedathome.,-,5,比较三句：,Itrainso/andIstayedathome.,Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.,Itraining,Istayedathome.,-,6,独立主格结构的概念：,“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。,-,7,独立主格形式1.名词/主格代词+Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoforaspringouting._,wewillgoforaspringouting.Theboystoodthere,andhishandwasraised.Theboystoodthere,_.,Weatherpermitting,hishandraised,doing主动done被动todo将来,-,8,Isendyou100dollarstoday,andtherestwillfollowinayear.Isendyou100dollarstoday,_inayear.,theresttofollow,-,9,2.名词/主格代词+(being)+adj./adv./介词短语/nAstheteacherwasill,thelecturewasputoff._,thelecturewasputoff.Whenthemeetingwasover,welefttheroom._,welefttheroom.,Theteacherill,Themeetingover,Shestoodthere,abookinhishand.,=bookinhand,-,10,特殊：Astherewasnobus,wehadtogobackhomeonfoot._,wehadtogobackhomeonfoot.BecauseitisSundaytoday,wedonthavetowork._,wedonthavetowork.,Therebeingnobus,ItbeingSunday,主语是代词时，being不能省,-,11,区别于分词作状语,分词做状语特点：现在分词作状语，表主动的动作，或表动作正在进行过去分词作状语，表被动的动作，或表动作已经完成。,-,12,1Whentheyhearthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoyHearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.2Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.3Thechildrenranoutoftheroom.Theylaughedandtalkedmerrily.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.特点：主语一致,分词作状语,-,13,独立主格结构Weatherpermitting,wellgosightseeinginGaopo.Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.结构特点：两个不同的主语,-,14,独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词+分词（doingdone)名词或代词+不定式名词或代词+形容词副词名词或代词+介词短语名词或代词+名词Therebeing+名词（代词）Itbeing+名词（代词）,分词独立结构由“名词+being”构成时，being常省略。,-,15,名词或代词+分词（doingdone),1）天气允许的话，我们去高坡观光吧。,Weatherpermitting（Ifweatherpermits）,wellgosightseeinginGaopo.,2)综合来看，他的论文比你的更有价值。,Allthingsconsidered（Ifallthingsareconsidered）,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.,Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreastandhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.,3)他仰面躺着，牙关紧闭，双手紧握在胸前，两眼朝上直直地怒视着。,-,16,名词或代词+不定式,1）明天要考试，我今晚就不去看电影了吧。,Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Icouldntgotothecinematonight.,Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.,2)她俩道了别，一个要回家，另一个要去书店。,Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ourschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.,3)种下大量的花草树木后，学校看起来会更漂亮。,不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。,-,17,名词/主格代词+形容词,1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。,Somanypeople（being）absent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.,2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。,Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobody（being）alive.,3）会议一结束，他们就都回家了。,Themeeting（being）over,theyallwenthome.,-,18,名词/主格代词+介词短语,1）孩子们手里拿着花向我们跑过来,Thechildrencamerunningtowardsus,flowersinhands.,2）玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。,Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.,-,19,表示存在时用“Therebeing+名词（代词）”的结构1).Therebeingnobuses,theywalkedtothetheatre2).Therebeingnocauseforfear,hereturnedtohishometown.,Itbeing+名词（代词）由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。Itbeingholiday,alltheshopswereshut.,Suchbeing+名词（代词）,Suchbeingthecase,shehasnothingtosay.Suchbeingthefact,shehadtoadmithismistake.,-,20,Ihaveneverimaginedoftherebeingapictureonthewall.Iexpecttheretobemanychancesforhimtogetajob.Whatisthechanceofthere_somegooddictionariesinthatbookstore?Theteacherwaswaitingforthere_completesilence.,-,21,区别于介词with/without复合结构,doing(表示动作的主动和进行)done（表示动作的被动和完成）With/without+名词/宾格代词+todo(表示将来)adj/adv(表示状态或特征)介词短语（表示状态或特征）,-,22,该结构作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随状况等含义；有时候也可以作定语。Withtheboyleadingtheway,wearesurewellbethereontime.有男孩带路，我们有把握会准时到那儿。（表原因）Theclassroomisverybightwithallthelightsturnedon.所有的灯都打开，教室里非常明亮。（表示时间）Icantgoout,withalotofworktodo.我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）Donttalkwithyourmouthfull.不要嘴里含着东西谈话。（表示方式）,-,23,Withthelightoff,wecantseeanything.灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）Hefoughtthetigerwithoutastickashisonlyweapon.他与老虎搏斗,没有一根棍子作为武器。（表示方式）Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.老师进入了教室，手里拿着一本书。（表伴随状况）Hereachedthebeautifulriverwithredflowersandgreentreesonbothsides.他来到了两岸长满红花绿树的这条河上。（作后置定语，修饰river）,-,24,Father_(permit),Graceenjoyedabigbonbon.Thegame_(lose),Gracestilllookeduptoherpapaasherhero.,独立主格结构,permitting,lost,-,25,S（逻辑主语）doinghavingdone主动关系S(逻辑主语)donehavingbeendone被动关系,Thelecture_,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.beinggivenB.havinggivenC.tobegivenD.havingbeengiven_nobus,wehadtowalkhome.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas,-,26,三.固定结构句中作插入语totellthetruthtobefranktobehonesttobebrieftobeginwithtomakethingsworseJudgingfromConsideringthatGenerally/franklyspeakingComparedto/withGiven(考虑到),-,27,Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.Consideringyourhealth,