介词加关系代词与关系副词

,Unit5NelsonMandelaPeroid5GrammarTheAttributiveClause,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,whom,who,which,that,whose,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,TheAttributiveClause2-RelativeAdverbs,LearningAims,1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句2.定语从句中关系副词的用法,1.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dadisaperson_Icaneasilytalkto.,Isthistheplay_youweretalkingaboutjustnow?,介词+which/whom引导的定语从句,2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。,Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.IcantfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting.,介词+关系代词引导定语从句情况1,介词+关系代词引导定语从句情况1,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanyouspokewasascientist.Thecityshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,2,Arethesetwosentencesright?,whom,which,who,that,在介词之后不能用whothat,Isawthewatchwhichyouarelooking?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingisbetter.,在短语动词中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,for,after,注意:在介词+which/whom引导定语从句结构中，有时在其前可加名词，代词，数词等。如：,Noonewantstheroomthewindowsofwhicharebroken.(“的”，所属关系)Theoldmanhasthreesons,allofwhomaredoctors.(整体的一部分或全部)LastSundayIboughtseveralbooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(整体的一部分或全部),(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.,3.介词的选用原则：,根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.Thethingabout/ofwhichMr.Smithwasnotsurewastheyoungmanshonesty.,(3)根据定语从句的意义来决定WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasshot.,练习,用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1.Idisagreewiththefacts_whichyourargumentisbased.2.Thesong,_whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.3.Thisisthereason_whichheoftencomestoschoollate.,on,in,for,4.Iwanttofindtheverypen_whichIwrotethatletter.5.Theyarethestudents_whomourteachersarethinkinghighly.6.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends_whomyoucanshareyourfeelingsandthoughts.7.Itwillnotbenecessarytonametheperson_whomthecardbelongs.8.Iwouldalwaysliketodobusinesswiththosepeople_whomIcanrely.,with,of,with,to,on/upon,1.Iwillneverforgettheday_westudiedtogether.2.Thatwasthepenhewrotetheletter.,onwhich,withwhich,forwhich,3.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?4.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?5.Thisistheheroweareproud.6.Therearethreethings_sheisnotsure.,ofwhom,介词+关系代词的情况练习,onwhich,aboutwhich,5.先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，且在从句中做方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。,Ididntliketheway_shetalkedtome.（shetalkedtomeintheway）Theway_heteachesEnglishisinteresting.(heteachesEnglishintheway),（that/inwhich）,（that/inwhich）,Payattentiontothissentence:Ididntliketheway_hetoldtome.（hetoldthewaytome）,which/that/省略,关系副词：,在定语从句中，当表示时间、地点、原因的名词作先行词时，且先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词when,where,why.,关系副词的用法,表时间,时间状语,表地点,地点状语,表原因,原因状语,关系副词-when,where,why,1.when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如:time,day,year,week,month,morning,evening等）,在从句中作时间状语when可换成“at/in/on/during等介词+关系代词”。e.g.Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarbrokeout.,2.where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如:place,room,house,hotel,school,city等)，在从句当中作地点状语。,when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Myfatherwasbornintheplacewhere(=inwhich)WorldWarbrokeout.,3.why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后,表示原因，在从句当中做原因状语，相当于for+which,Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldntgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.,reason作先行词时关系词的使用,Imnotclearaboutthereasonforwhichhedidit.whyhediditthathedidit.,forwhichwhythat,ThehousewherehelivesneedsrepairingThereasonwhyJimwashappytohelpMandelawashelpingothers.ThedaywhenMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim.,下面我们学习一下关系副词whenwherewhy的用法,Thehousewhichhelivesinneedsrepairing.,Thehouseinwhichhelivesneedsrepairing.,Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing,Comparinganddiscovering,ThereasonwhyJimwashappytohelpMandelawashelpingothers.,ThereasonforwhichJimwashappytohelpMandelawashelpingothers.,.,ThedaywhenMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim.,ThedayonwhichMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim,4.关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.,4.关系副词的用法注意点,(2)当point,situation,case,position,stage,condition等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等抽象意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：,IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.我们正处在可能损失一笔钱的境地。Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?你能想到一种使用这个短语的情况吗？,小结:关系词的选择,1.找先行词2.先行词在从句中作什么成分（1）主语、宾语、表语、定语-关系代词状语-关系副词（2）先行词前是否需要介词要-关系副词不要-关系代词,关系词及其用法小结,人,作主语,不省,人,作宾语,可省,人/物(的),作定语(+n),不省,事/物,作主语/宾语,作宾语时可省,人/物,作主语/宾语,作宾语时可省,关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,that,介词+which,作时间状语,介词+which,介词for+which,作地点状语,作原因状语,不省,不省,不省,不可以省略,辨析,whichorwhere/when/why,在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语,whichorwhere/when/why,1.Thisisthemuseum_mymotherworked10yearsago.(workedinthemuseum地点状语)Thisisthemuseum_wasbuiltin1950.(themuseumwasbuild)（museum主语）,在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语,where,which,2.July1,1921wastheday_ourPartywasfounded(成立).(ourPartywasfoundedontheday作状语）July1,1921wastheday_wewillnotforget.（wewillneverforgettheday作宾语）,when,which,whichorwhere/when/why,在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语,及物动词,3.Irememberthedays_Ilivedinmyhometown.(Ilivedinmyhometownduringthedays作状语）Irememberthedays_Ispentwithmygrandpa.（Ispentthedayswith.thedays作宾语）,when,which,whichorwhere/when/why,在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语,4.Thehouse_weregoingtovisitwasbuiltacenturyago.(visitthehouse)Thehouse_usedtobeatempleisaschoolnow.(thehouseusedtobeatemple)Thehouse_heusedtolivewasflooded.(heusedtoliveinthehouse),(which/that),which/that,where,5.Abookstoreisaplace_youcangetbooks.(youcangetthebooksintheplace)Abookstoreisaplace_booksaresold.(booksaresoldintheplace)Abookstoreisaplace_sellbooks.(theplacesellsbooks),where,which/that,where,6.Icantfindt