词汇学PPT课件

-,1,-,2,ChapterOneAGeneralSurvey,毛海燕,-,3,Ageneralsurvey,1.Definitionofaword2.Soundandmeaning3.Wordandlexicalitem4.Meaningandconcept5.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning6.Wordandvocabulary7.ConstitutionofEnglishvocabulary,Eatthemall!,-,4,1.DefinitionofaWord,Hehaddoneit,hehadsaidthemagicwords.Hestoppedtheretoenjoytheeffectofthesewords.,-,5,1.DefinitionofaWord,Iloveyou!,Ihateyou!,-,6,1.DefinitionofaWord,Whatisaword?,-,7,MajorFeaturesofWords,Whatarethemajorfeaturesofwords?（杨信彰，2009）,-,8,MajorFeaturesofWords,1.Awordisasoundorcombinationofsoundswhichwemakevoluntarilywithoutvocalequipment.,-,9,MajorFeaturesofWords,2.Awordissymbolicandisusedtostandforsomethingelse.Ineachlanguage,soundsareusedtorepresentobjects,happenings,orideas.,-,10,MajorFeaturesofWords,3.Thewordisanuninterruptibleunit.Whenelementsareaddedtoawordtomodifyitsmeaning,theyneverinterrupttheinternalstabilityoftheword.,-,11,MajorFeaturesofWords,4.Awordhastodowithitssocialfunction.Ithelpshumanbeingsinteractculturallywithoneanother“communicate”.,-,12,MajorFeaturesofWords,5.Awordmayconsistofoneormoremorphemes.Itcanbebrokendownintosmallermeaningfulunits.,-,13,MajorFeaturesofWords,6.Wordsarepartofthelargecommunicationsystemwecalllanguage.Awordispartlydependentformeaninguponitsuseinthatlargercontext.,-,14,MajorFeaturesofWords,7.Awordoccurstypicallyinthestructureofphrases.Intypicalway,morphemesareusedtobuildwords,wordstobuildphrases,phrasestobuildclauses,andclausestobuildsentences.,-,15,1.DefinitionofaWord,Generallyspeaking,awordisaunificationofsounds,meaningandsyntacticfeatures,andisthefundamentalstructuralunitofasentence.（陆国强）,-,16,1.DefinitionofaWord,Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.（张维友）,-,17,Definitionofaword,daydreamsoundmeaningsyntacticfeature,-,18,2.Soundandmeaning,Issoundrelatedtomeaning?,-,19,2.Soundandmeaning,Naturalists,Conventionalists,-,20,Naturalists,Mom妈妈,Woof汪汪,Mew-mew喵喵,-,21,Naturalists,Thereisanintrinsiccorrespondencebetweensoundandmeaning.,-,22,Conventionalists,Englishmeat,Chinese肉,Italiancarne,Swedishktt,Russianmco,Frenchviande,-,23,Conventionalists,Therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningisakindoflinguisticsocialcontract.,-,24,3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning,Icanunderstandallthewords,butIdontunderstandthesentence.Why?,-,25,3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning,Youneedtoknowthedifferencebetweenlexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning.,-,26,3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning,*lexicalmeaning词汇意义*grammaticalmeaning语法意义,-,27,3.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning,Isawasawsawasaw.,-,28,4.Meaningandconcept,Howarewordsrelatedtothings?,-,29,4.Meaningandconcept,WordconceptreferentreferentWordconcept,-,30,4.Meaningandconcept,Concept:isthebaseofmeaning.Meaning:isthereflectionoftheconceptinthelanguage.概念：词义的基础，思维单位，抽象概括的，词义：概念在语言中的表现形式，语言范畴，抽象和具体,-,31,4.Meaningandconcept,Theautomobileisamixedblessing.Theautomobilewasstalledinastorm.cop-policemanbuyoff-bribe,-,32,5.Wordandlexicalitem,*Words:*Lexicalitems:,thebasicelementstoformvocabulary,theunitstoformdictionaries,-,33,5.Wordandlexicalitem,So,wherecanyoufindlexicalitems?,-,34,6.Vocabularyandwords,Whatconstitutethevocabulary?,Wordsofcourse.,Thenwheredidwordscomefrom?,.?,-,35,6.Vocabularyandwords,Broadlyspeaking,allthewordsinalanguagetogetherconstitutewhatisknownasitsvocabulary.,word,vocabulary,-,36,7.ConstitutionofEnglishvocabulary,nativewordsborrowedwords,-,37,a.Nativewords,Nativewords:arethefoundationandthecoreoftheEnglishVocabulary.,-,38,Featuresofnativewords,instructure:mostlymonosyllabicwordsinmeaning:expressthefundamentalconceptsdealingwitheverydayobjectsandthingsingrammar:includemostpartsofspeech,-,39,b.Borrowedwords,Borrowedwords(loanwords):arewordstakenfromforeignlanguages.,-,40,Originofborrowedwords,DanishFrenchLatinGreekItalianSpanishArabicChineseRussianGerman,-,41,8.Classificationofwords1,Criteriaofclassification:Byorigin,张维友,-,42,8.Classificationofwords1,NativewordsBorrowedwords,张维友,-,43,8.Classificationofwords2,Criteriaofclassification:Bylevelofusage,张维友,-,44,8.Classificationofwords2,Basicwordstock(commoncore)Nonbasicvocabulary,张维友,-,45,8.Classificationofwords2,Basicwordstock(commoncore)1.ductivity4.polysemy5.collocability,张维友,-,46,8.Classificationofwords2,Nonbasicwords1.terminology术语2.jargon行话3.slang俚语4.argot暗语5.dialectalwords方言6.archaisms古语7.Neologisms新语,张维友,-,47,8.Classificationofwords3,Criteriaofclassification:Bynotion,张维友,-,48,8.Classificationofwords3,Contentwords(notionalwords)Functionalwords(emptywords),张维友,-,49,8.Classificationofwords3,Lexicalwords(nouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs)Grammaticalwords(pronouns,prepositions,demonstrative,determiners,conjunctions,auxiliaryverbs),杨信彰,-,50,8.Classificationofwords3,TraditionalGrammar:8partsofspeechNounprepositionPronounconjunctionAdjectiveinterjectionVerbAdverb,杨信彰,-,51,8.Classificationofwords3,Quirk(1985):1.Closedclasses:proposition,pronoun,determiner,conjunction,auxiliaryverb2.Openclasses:noun,adjective,verb,adverb3.Lessercategories:numeral,interjection4.Asmallnumberofwordsofuniquefunction:theparticlenotandtheinfinitivemarkerto,杨信彰,-,52,Summary,1.Definitionofaword2.Soundandmeaning3.Wordandlexicalitem4.Meaningandconcept5.Lexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning6.Wordandvocabulary7.ConstitutionofEnglishvocabulary,Finished!,-,53,Exercises,1.Definitionofaword.2.Thedifferencebetweennaturalistsandconventionalists.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenmeaningandconcept?,-,54,Glossary,WordVocabularyLexicalitemLexicalmeaningGramatical