西方翻译五次高潮-PPT课件

,Fiveclimaxesinwesterntranslationhistory,西方翻译史上的五次高潮,Fiveclimaxes,backgrounds,Famoustranslators,Famousworks,Briefintroduction,Contents:,process,feature,2,-,Thebriefintroduction:,SincetheWW,translationisnolongerconfinedtoreligionandliterature,butdeepintoallaspectsoflife.Also,translationisnolongerledonlybyafewscholars,butbecameanattractiveoccupation.,TranslationintheWesthasahistoryoftwothousandyears,therehavebeenfiveclimaxes.Themainbodyofthefirstthreehightidesarethe“Bible”translationaswellasChristianandMuslimculturalexchanges.LaterintheRenaissance,thetranslationactivitywasgraduallydevelopedintotheideological,political,philosophicalandliteraryfield.,3,-,Attheendofthe4thBc,theGreecebagantodecayandtheRomangraduallygrewstrongerandstronger,butthecontemporaryGreececulturewasstillsuperiortotheRomanculture,thusitappealedtotheRomanverymuch.Inthemiddleof3thBc,thethreefathersinromanculture:liviusAndronicus（安德罗尼柯）、QuintusEnnius（涅维乌斯）和GnaeusNaevius（恩尼乌斯），andthelatergreatwritersallusedLatinlanguagetotranslateoradaptHomersepicorotherGreecedramas.Thisisthefirstlargescaletranslationactivity.,Fiveclimaxes:,Thefirstclimax:Translationintheancienttimes,Backgrounds:,4,-,Duringthefirstclimax,itintroducedtheancientGreececulture,especiallythedramastoRoman,thus,promotedthebornanddevelopmentoftheRomancultureandlaterseveredasabridgefortheWesttoinherittheancientclassicalRomanliterature.,Fiveclimaxes:,Thefirstclimax:Translationintheancienttimes,Backgrounds:,5,-,Septuagint(希腊文旧约圣经):Itissaidthatatthattime,72scholarsused72daystotranslatetheBibleinHebrewlanguageintoGreecelanguagefortheJewtolearntheBible.,1.Septuagint希腊文旧约圣经,Inthisperiod,two,famousachievements,Famoustranslatorsandhisworks:,6,-,Septuagint(希腊文旧约圣经):Itissaidthatatthattime,72scholarsused72daystotranslatetheBibleinHebrewlanguageintoGreecelanguagefortheJewtolearntheBible.,2.OdysseyinLatinversion.奥德赛,Inthisperiod,two,famousachievements,Famoustranslatorsandhisworks:,7,-,2).Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的一致；,3).Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.译文应和原文同样流畅。,1).Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容,Famoustranslatorsandhisworks:Also,AlexanderTytlers（泰特勒）threeprinciplesoftranslationareveryimporant,whichissimilartoYanfustheory(信达雅):,8,-,Feature:,Reason1:,Reason2,Fiveclimaxes:,Inthisperiod,translationwasmainlyrelatedaboutthereligiousstuff.,Asthechurchhatredthesecularliteratureverymuch,thus,theBible,thesourceandpsychologicalweaponoftheChristianismnaturallymeantalotinreligiousworld.,AstheBiblewasfirstlywritteninHebrew(希伯来语)andGreecelanguage,soitmustbetranslatedinLatinlanguagefortheRomans.Itreacheditsclimaxinthe4thcentury.,Thesecondclimax:TranslationintheMiddleAge(4th6th),Background：,9,-,Jerome(杰洛姆):theVulgate(圣经通用本)SaintJeromewasanLatinChristianpriest,confessor,theologianandhistorian,whoalsobecameaDoctoroftheChurch.HeisbestknownforhistranslationoftheBibleintoLatin(theVulgate),andhiscommentariesontheGospeloftheHebrews.,Jerome杰洛姆,Famoustranslatorsandhisworks:,Fiveclimaxes:Thesecondclimax:TranslationintheMiddleAge(4th6th),10,-,Inthisperiod,Toledo（托莱多）becameEuropesacademiccenterforitsprosperoustranslationactivities.TheytranslatedmanyworksfromArabicintoLatin.ThiswastherarefriendlycontactbetweenChristianandMuslimandalsothethirdclimax.InToledo,thetranslationandacademicactivitieslastedoverahundredyearsandhadaprofoundinfluenceinwesternculture.,TranslationintheMiddleAges(11th12th),Fiveclimaxes:Thethirdclimax:,11,-,RenaissanceisamajordevelopmentinthehistoryofWesterntranslation,especiallyinthesixteenthcenturyandlaterperiod,thetranslationactivityreachedanunprecedentedheight.Translationdeepintoallareasofideology,politics,philosophy,literature,religion,involvinglargemajorworksofancientandcontemporary,resultinginalargenumberofdistinguishedtranslatorandaseriesofexcellenttranslations.,TranslationintheRenaissanceperiod(14th16th),Fiveclimaxes:Thefourthclimax:,12,-,InFrance,thewriterAmyot阿米欧hadspentseventeenyears(1542-1559)totranslatethePlutarchs“CelebritycompareGreekandRomanBiography”.Chapman查普曼from1598to1616translated“TheIliad”and“Odyssey”,InFrance:,Thefourthclimax:TranslationintheRenaissanceperiod(14th16th),Fiveclimaxes:,（伊利亚特和奥德赛）,(简称名人传),Famoustranslatorsandhisworks:,13,-,InGermany,religiousreformerLutherobeyedthewillofthepeople,usingthelanguageofthepeople,in1522-1534,thefirstprintedandpublishedtranslation,thepeopleoftheBible,creatinganeweraofmodernGermandevelopment.,Famoustranslatorsandhisworks:,InGermany:,Thefourthclimax:TranslationintheRenaissanceperiod(14th16th),Fiveclimaxes:,14,-,Florioin1603thetranslationofMontaigne“essays“,wasthebrilliantliterarystarintheEnglishtranslation.Andin1611,theprintof”theKingJamestranslationoftheBible”marksanothermajordevelopmentintheBritishhistoryoftranslation.WithEnglish-styleauthority,populationandbeauty,itwonthereputationofthegreatestEnglishtranslation”,widelyknowninBritainandhadaprofoundeffectonthedevelopmentofmodernEnglish.,InBritain:,Thefourthclimax:TranslationintheRenaissanceperiod(14th16th),Fiveclimaxes:,Famoustranslatorsandhisworks:,(弗罗里欧),（蒙田的散文集）,（钦定圣经译本）,15,-,Fiveclimaxes:,Thefourthclimax:TranslationintheRenaissanceperiod(14th16th),Inshort,theRenaissanceplayedaveryimportantroleinthewesternhistoryofthedevelopmentoftranslation,itmarkedthatthenationallanguagestatusinthefieldofliteratureandtranslationhasfinallybeenconsolidated,simultaneouslyshowedthetranslationplayedahugeroleintheformationanddevelopmentofthenationallanguage,literatureandthought.,16,-,ThefifthclimaxofWesterntranslationactivitieshappenedsincetheendofWW.AfterWWII,theWestenteredarelativelystableperiod,theproductionhavebeendeveloped.Agradualeconomicrecovery,scienceandtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly.Thisisthematerialbasisfortheprosperdevelopmentoftranslation.,TranslationafterWW,Fiveclimaxes:Thefifthclimax:,17,-,1,2,3,Fiveclimaxes:,theexpansionofthescopeofthetranslation,especiallyintechnology,businessarea.,thescalehasexceedthepast.,itpl